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ȕāK

|{z} |{z} Ģ:|{z}

Ģ|{z}

|{z} +|{z}

Ģ|{z}

|{z}

ā ā P=; =

; ā ā == 14(13;993) c2== : [][Ģ]/c2=

āā ȕ ȕāā[][Ģ]/c2=

t0ȕā āā []0= [Ģ]0 ě

ā ě ȕ[] =[Ģ] = [Ģ]0

ā [Ģ]0[]0

c: c

Ģā1:

ā ā = 0 : = 14(Ģ=

1:)

4 3 2 1 0

0,0001 0,001 0,01 0,1 1

5E-4 pH [H

3O+]=c

<7!h >7!h = 7!h= 2 K;K

ȕā ȕ āK Ģ

ā K=K

K() = 1 K() = 0

K(Ģ) = K(Ģ) =

ā ā ā ȕ āK

K=K

ā KK=

K+K=

Ģ K

Ģ ĢK

KK=K+K

25 P= 1 K(Ģ) = 14;0

K=Ģ

[]c=Ģ h=K+Ģ

K=Ģ

Ģc 6K

Ģ >K

ě >100[A] 6K2

K K2K1= 0;5 (Ģ)

ȕ 47 ć pH=1

2(K1+K2)

ā c

ȕ c ȕ

Ā Ģ c

ȕā h K Ģ

ā []/c [Ģ]/c

hK K

ě =K ā ȕ

(X) āā

Ģ=K= 10K

=1

1+K/h Ģ=K/h

1+K/h hK$>K+ 2 = 10K!

Ģ= 110K

014050100pKa

1090
2 pH %(X) HA A- hK$6K2Ģ= 10K!= 110K

K ā

c ě c(1) ěc c ā2 1 c c=Kāā$Kāā$K c ě c(1) ěc c ā2 1 c c=/Kāā$K$Kāā

06K614

K60 K>14

ȕ ŋŌ K ā

ā K>7 ć

ā ā Kȕ

ā K ā ȕ

K ā ā ā ȕ ȕ ā

ā ĢĢK= 10K2K1

99 1 K2K1>4 K2

K164 c c c(1)c(1)c c /(1) = 10 1 2 K2K1 ! K2 K1 c1=c2= ā c1= ā ā c1=c2= ā ā ȕ ā 50

ā 50

ŋ Ō ȕ ȕāp+1

ȕā ā āā ȕāp

ā ā >866

c

ā ȕ c

c c=Ģ c c ā

ā ě c'

[] = [Ģ] =c Ģ= = c/c = 3Ģ= c ě c++ ě <0;jj = !Ģ=/c

ā Ģ '7 ȕ

ȕ c ā

=c/ccpc 66:

ć ȕ c ā

= 14 +c/ccpc >8:

K cA

ȕeq ȕā

ā eq cAKc

cA ā

ā ć eq cA

Kc ā

h ā ā ȕ

ā ȕ ȕ K

cA h

ȕ ȕ āŧ K(Ģ) =

4;75 cA= ȕ ȕ

K() = 1;0 ć

K c ě c(1) ěc c !2 1=Kc cA [] =c=pcAKc!=1 2 KcAc KcA c!K>ca c0+1!2K>2+1!6K1 2:

6K1 ć

11[]'c =cAc

KcA c!K6ca c01!>K+ 1: cAKc[] =c(1)[Ģ] = [] =c

Ģ=/c

cAKc[Ģ] = []'c Ģ=/c=

1cAKc![] =ccAKc

pcAK ca

ā =1

2(4;75 + 3) = 3;88

ě ā = 3

ȕ ȕāKp

cApc ā =1 2

KcAccAKc 6K1

=cAccAKc >K+ 1 h ŋŌ ā ěA

ȕ Ģ Ģ=cA

āā 7 ā

ȕ ca ȕ

6K1 'ca ā

K1 Ģ'caKah

ȕ ā K1

ȕě ā ā ȕě >K+ 1

ȕě ŋ ĢcaŌ 'ca

ě Ģ ā ȕ ā ca

ā =K+Ģ

ca K=: K = 8 c= ca= ȕ

ě ȕ ȕā 6K1 66

ā ȕ = 8 ā ā

6K1

66 ā[Ģ][]

c(1) 4c(1)c4c ě 1 5=

1'1024/5=; 1

ā h= 4c(1) = 5;2

ā ȕ ā K1

6 ě ā

=c' =

4c' =c(1) =

;[] = 10K[] = = 8 = 10K=

ā h0= ā ȕā

c(1)h0c4c ě ā

ȕ ȕā 44c55

h40c(1)= 5

1=h4044c4=

106h04c

4=; 1

106h04c

4/5';

1 ȕ ā

ā ā K

K ȕ

ā =K+ K ā1 ā1

ΞΪ Ā K= 25;P= 1 ě

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