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Best Practice Guide in Water Efficiency | BUILDINGS A

PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency

BUILDINGS

PRACTICE GUIDEIN

BEST WATER

EFFICIENCY

VERSION 1

BUILDINGS

PRACTICE GUIDEIN

BEST WATER

EFFICIENCY

VERSION 1

Produced by: PUB, Singapore"s National Water Agency

Published in March 2018

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of PUB. Whilst PUB has used reasonable endeavours to ensure that the information provided in the publication is accurate and up to date as at the time of issue, it reserves the right to make corrections and does not warrant that it is complete. PUB disclaims all liability and responsibility for any loss caused to any person by any act or omission, due to the materials contained in this publication. If you have any comments, questions or suggestions about this publication, please direct them to:

Tel: 1800-CALL-PUB (1800 2255 782)

Email: pub_conserve@pub.gov.sg

Website: https://www.pub.gov.sg/savewater

Designed and printed by: APP Content & Concepts

TABLE OF

CONTENTS

PREFACE ........................................................................ ... 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................ .................................................. 4

1 Introduction 5

1.1 Pricing ........................................................................

............................................................... 5

1.2 Mandatory measures ........................................................................

......................................... 5

1.3 Facilitation measures ........................................................................

......................................... 8

ɉ 9

2.1 Building owners" guide to accounting for water use ................................................................... 9

2.2 Identify and repair leaks ........................................................................

................................... 14

2.3 Adopt a low pressure water system ........................................................................

................. 15 ................................ 17

2.5 Water conservation in cooling towers ........................................................................

.............. 19 ѝ .................................................. 26 ѝ ...................................................................... 31

2.8 Use alternate water resource for non-potable water usage area .............................................. 32

ѝ ............................................................ 40 ќ ................................................................. 41

3 Case studies

42
................................ 42

3.2 Retail mall case study ........................................................................

...................................... 42

3.3 Hotel case study ........................................................................

............................................. 43

3.4 School case study ........................................................................

........................................... 43 Best Practice Guide in Water Efficiency | BUILDINGS 4

PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency

PREFACE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Singapore's water consumption stands at 430 million gallons a day, with the domestic sector accounting for 45% of total water use, while the remaining 55% comes from the non-domestic sector. By 2060, Singapore's water consumption is expected to double, with the non-domestic sector making up 70% of total water demand. Therefore, it is important that PUB's partners in the non-domestic

sector join us in the move to conserve water, and reduce water demand. This will help Singapore in its

water sustainability journey.

The aim of this ɉis to provide professional

engineers, developers, building owners, facilities managers and managing agents involved in water journey towards sustainable water use. This guide could not have been possible without the participation, assis tance of and invaluable insights from the following organisations. Their contributions are appreciated and gratefully acknowledged.

CapitaLand Limited

City Developments Ltd

Marina Bay Sands

Housing and Development Board

Ministry of Education

Surbana Jurong Private Limited

Singapore Plumbing Society

Institute of Water Policy

Building and Construction Authority

Singapore Green Building Council

Singapore Institute of Architects

Board of Architects

AXA Tower

Carlton City Hotel Singapore

Parkway Parade

Mee Toh School

Khoo Teck Puat Hospital

Best Practice Guide in Water Efficiency | BUILDINGS 5

PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency

8 litres/min

INTRODUCTION

1 Managing water demand is essential in ensuring a sustainable water suppl y. PUB adopts a three-pronged approach to water conservation - Pricing, Mandatory measures and Facilitation measures.

1.1 Pricing

requirements* are shown below. 6 litres/min 8 litres/min 9 litres/min

For Self-Closing Delayed Action

basin tap, the timing shall remain at between 2 and 3 sec

For Self-Closing Delayed Action

shower tap, the timing shall remain at between 13 and 15 sec cover washing machines from October 2011.

*These can be found in the Singapore Standard CP 48 - Code of Practice for Water Services and the Public Utilities (Water Supply) Regulations

Best Practice Guide in Water Efficiency | BUILDINGS 6

PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency

All new developments

and existing premises undergoing renovation are required to install water

Starting from April 2019, PUB will

mandate the sales, supply and new and existing premises undergoing renovation to further encourage water extended to dishwashers starting from

October 2018. These are part of PUB's

plans to eventually phase out non all new developments. Best Practice Guide in Water Efficiency | BUILDINGS 7

PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency

MWELS Ratings

Best Practice Guide in Water Efficiency | BUILDINGS 8

PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency

at least 60,000 m 3 management practices. These include installing private water meters at v arious areas of water use to track and for at least three consecutive years.

In 2015, more than 600 qualifying consumers submitted their plans, which covered areas of water use and action

include incentivising companies, building capabilities of building owner s and developers, and raising awareness

Incentives such as the Water

to encourage businesses to choices in their operations or even the design of new facilities. Recognition such as the Watermark and Water to companies that have implemented excellent water management practices and demonstrated tangible results

Raise Awareness

PUB organises activities,

seminars, forums and events regularly to share information on best practices. Online resources and publications are also available to help companies understand what common issues exist, and take steps to improve water

Training programmes such

Manager Course (WEMC) and

publications such as PUB"s series of Best Practice Guides are available to help equip companies with the knowledge and skills to support their water

From 2019, companies

submitting WEMP are required to send one of their WEMP representatives to attend the Best Practice Guide in Water Efficiency | BUILDINGS 9

PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency

BEST WATER EFFICIENCY PRACTICES

2 managing water usage. These will be detailed later on in this chapter. buildings should be properly accounted for prior to implementation of measures. Knowing where, when, and how water is being used in your development can help water wastage. understand and analyse water usage patterns. These meters allow you to detect abnormalities in water 3 or more are

required to install private water meters at various water usage areas within their premises to track and monitor

water consumption levels.

OFFICE AND RETAIL BUILDINGS

Towers

Others: water features,

swimming pool and irrigation sites Best Practice Guide in Water Efficiency | BUILDINGS 10

PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency

HOTELS

Production

There are two common means of recording private meter readings:

Reading at the

beginning of the day

Reading at the

end of the day

Meter reading comparison between the end of

a day and the start of the following day:

Meter readings taken on the same day:

The two readings should be similar. A large

through the night could indicate presence of leaks in the building. These should be investigated

These readings show the daily water usage for a

to better understand the patterns and breakdown of water usage in your building. Meter reading comparison

Monday

8.30 pm

Tuesday

6.30 am

Monday

6.30 am

Monday

8.30 pm

21349
21330
21351
21349
Best Practice Guide in Water Efficiency | BUILDINGS 11

PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency

numbers in black indicate the cumulative amount of water used in cubic metres. between the reading taken at the start and at the end of the period.

The numbers in red

indicate the amount of water used up to three decimal points.

2710523

1,0001001010.10.010.001

AB

001357

x 0.1 x 0.01 x 0.001 3

001357

x 1 x 0.1 x 0.01 3

Meter A reads 1,357 m

3

Meter B reads 13,570 m

3 Best Practice Guide in Water Efficiency | BUILDINGS 12

PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency

Data loggers are connected

to the meters

Meter readings are then

transmitted automatically at regular intervals via cellular network or a dedicated wiring system

Water consumption information can be

accessed through the Building Management based applications from any computer water usage at certain

consumption patterns could indicate leakages within the building. Prompt action should be taken, if necessary,

Example of a water consumption

chart with a sudden peak, indicating a probable leak Best Practice Guide in Water Efficiency | BUILDINGS 13

PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency

Building managers can have a centralised and holistic view of the energy and water consumption within their premises. levels being captured by the meters overnight. All activities should have ceased and thus no water should have been consumed. This could be useful in identifying potential leakage and evaluating water loss in the water network within a given premises. Pie chart generated from the portal, depicting the consumption breakdown at various water end use areas. The patterns of water usage within the building can thus be readily understood.

Alerts may be triggered by the system whenever there is a high consumption level, static reading or suspected leakage.

Best Practice Guide in Water Efficiency | BUILDINGS 14

PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency

1 gradually worsen over time. Leakages in water service installations can lead to wastage of water, damage to properties, loss of revenue, etc. Leaks, if detected, have to be repaired promptly. A regular leak test helps in early detection of leaks in the water system.

This simple test can be done in the

following steps: 2

A drop in water

pressure

Sightings of a damp

wall or ground

Rapid and unaccounted

increase in water use It is strongly recommended that the facility manager or the water management committee k eeps a copy of the

as-built drawings of the water reticulation system. This would facilitate any future maintenance or repair of the

water reticulation system and detection of leaks on the premises.

It is a good practice for building management to implement a fault-reporting system to minimise wastage of

Building owners should maintain an established and clear channel of comm unication (i.e. phone call, email,

text message) so tenants can send their fault reports to the relevant building maintenance personnel promptly.

Water Use

Best Practice Guide in Water Efficiency | BUILDINGS 15

PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency

Reports received should be ranked in terms of their severity and urgency, and cases with high potential to result

in continued water loss must be prioritised.

Tracking and monitoring the status of these reports, to be done by senior building managers, is necessary to

by building owners. An integrated fault and building management system

It is paramount for building owners to continually remind building users, including cleaners or cleaning

pressure-reducing valves at suitable levels of the water reticulation system within the building.

Pre-set according to

the pressure reduction requirement.

Properly installed and

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