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AHISTORYOF

ENGLISHLITERATURE

WILLIAMVAUGHNMOODY

UNIVERSITYOFCHICAGO

AND

ROBERTMORSSLOVETT

OFCHICAGO

NEWYORK

CHARLESSCRIBNERaSSONS

1906
34.

COPYRIGHT.1902,BY

SCRIBNERaSSONS

PREFACE

V

PREFACE

classroom,butalsoasaguideforlaterstudy. cisingthecontentsoftheearlychapters. II. III. IV. VII. VIII. IX. XI.

XII.CONTENTS

THEANGLO-SAXONPERIOD

THENORMAN-FRENCHPERIOD

THEAGEOFCHAUCER

THERENAISSANCE:NON-DRAMATICLITERATURE

ToTHEDEATHOFSPENSER

THERENAISSANCE:THEDRAMABEFORESHAKE

SPEARE

THERENAISSANCE:SHAKESPEARE

THESEVENTEENTHCENTURY:SHAKESPEAREaS

CONTEMPORARIESANDSUCCESSORSINTHE

DRAMA

THESEVENTEENTHCENTURY:NONDRAMATIC

LITERATUREBEFORETHERESTORATION

THESEVENTEENTHCENTURY:THERESTORA

TION

THEEIGHTEENTHCENTURY:THEREIGNOF

CLASSICISM

THEEIGHTEENTHCENTURY:THENOVEL

THEEIGHTEENTHCENTURY:THEREVIVALOF

ROMANTICISM

CONTENTS

CHAPTERPAGE

XIII.THENINETEENTHCENTURY:THETRIUMPHOF

ROMANTICISM

XIV.THENINETEENTHCENTURY:THEVICTORIAN

ERA

XV.THENINETEENTHCENTURY:THENOVEL

READINGGUIDE

INDEX

AHISTORYOF

ENGLISHLITERATURE

CHAPTERI

THEANGLO-SAXONPERIOD

I alongtheGermanoceanfromthemouthoftheThe

RhinetothepeninsulaofJutland.Theywereab

northoftheAnglesintomodernJutland.

THEANGLo-SAoPERIOD3

washeldinhighesteem.TwoclassesofsingTheb ers;andsecondthethepoetproper,whotookthe hishostconcerningthestorieshehadtochant. otherwiththestationarysinger.

4AHISTORYOFENGLISHLITERATURE

lockedhiswordhoard;hewhomanyatribehad metonearth,whohadtravelledthroughmanya

Evernorthorsouththeydndoneknowingin

edDeoras est361186.Wlddtll.

THEANGLO-SAXONPERIOD

longpoementitled,fromitshero,Beowulf.It ofthepoemisasfollows eighthcenturV.(C44 (10?1

6AHISTORYor?ENGLISHLITERATURE

W'inthevalebeneaththemthefamoushall,rich

andwiththeirspearslikeabgreyashwoodabove bawaitsinangrymoodthebattle-meeting.c force.Thencamefromthemoors,underthemisty

Th.ghills,Grendelstalking.Straightwayhe

bubrushedonthedoor,fastwithdre-hardened bands.Onthevariegated2oorthe1endtrod;he

Corseletsofmail.

THEANGLo-SAoPERIOD7

thedoorofHeorot. chere,andbearshimawaytoherwateryden. abandoffollowershegoesalong _thecliffsThebht ontheseawardside,untilhecomestoGrendelas

8AHISToRYorENGLISHLITERATURE

reigningaskingfor1ftyyearsandisnowan oldman,whencalamitycomesuponhimand hispeopleintheshapeofamonsterofthe itslair,buthimselfreceiveshismortalhurt. orderthatdeathmaybesoftertohim,seeing

10AHISTORYorENGLISHLITERATURE

THEANGLo-SAxONPERIOD11

12AHISTORYorENGLISHLITERATURE

withreligiousthoughtandfeeling. centuriesbefore.The1rststreambeganlate inthesixthcentury,withthecomingofAu

ChristianpoetryinEngland.

Baeda,knownastheVenerableBede,cagen

tle,laboriousscholarinwhomallthelearning weknowthestoryofCaedmon,acowherdof

Whitby,the1rstpoetofChristianEngland.

Caedmon.

THEANGLO-SAXONPERIOD15

Testamentnarrativeintosong.

ThepoemswhichhavecomedowntousunderCaed

notacceptedbymodernscholarshipashiswork.

14AHISTORYorENGLISHLITERATURE

withgrewsomevividness. ablythegreatestoftheAnglo-Saxonpoets,if weexcepttheunknownbardwhogaveBeowulf nature.

THIANGLO-SAxONPERIOD15

times.

Nature,asopposedtoher1erceandgrimasbam"

areallbehungwithblossomstheboughsupon innls. `16AHISTORYOFENGLISHLITERATURE' estinterest.Oneofthese,calledTheWifeas beginsthelove-poetryofEngland.

18AHISTORYorENGLISHLITERATURE

underhisimmediateencouragement. izationshad1lledhimwithadesiretogiveto

THEANGLo-SAXONPERIOD19

inWessex.Thelanguagewaschanging,and

Normanconquest.

20AHISTORYOFENGLISHLITERATURE

Saxonpoetry.

theSaxonkings.

CHAPTERII

THENORMAN-FRENCHPERIOD

England,theyhadappearedOffthecoastof

France;andundertheirleader,Hrolfthe

21

22AHISTORYOFENGLISHLITERATURE

estofnationalblessingsforthesternnessand energywithwhichtheNormankingandhis

THENORMAN-FRENCHPERIOD23

handofChaucer. tionofthelanguage.Whatreallyhappened aboyinthestreetsofLondon.

24AHISTORYOFENGLISHLITERATURE

feudalchivalry. it.ApartofitcamefromItalyandtheEast,

26AHISTORYorENGLISHLITERATURE

bersfollowedinhisfootsteps.Rudeat1rst, grace,thoseoftheirNorman-Frenchteachers,

1320-1330.

THENORMAN-FRENCHPERIOD27

NewYear.Theking,sobusiedhimhis

8,G onthenextNewYearasday. athand.

28AHISTORYOFENGLISHLITERATURE

andthusprovesfalsetohiscompact. greenbeltforGawayneassake.

SpenserasFaerieQueens.

THENORMAN-FRENCHPERIOD29

tained.

30AHISTORYOFENGLISHLITERATURE

ofmanandtheterrorsoftheLastJudgment.

LoveRuneofThomasdeHales,amonkoftheMinor

allearthlyloversvanishandareforgotten.

HwerisParisandHeleyne

ThatwerenSObryghtandfeyreonble

Amadas,Tristram,andDideyne,

Yseude,andallethe?

Ector,withhisecharpemeyne,

AndCesarrichofworldesfee?

Hesbeothiglydenutofthereyne,

SOthescheftisoftheclee.

shaftisfromtheclew!bow-string]. massofrudersongaboutit.

THENORMAN-FRENCHPERIOD31

nameseemstohavebeenMargaret(i.e.,the them.

ThensawItheremylittlequeen

LordimuchOfmirthwasthatshemade

Amonghermates.

32AHISTORYOFENGLISHLITERATURE

dreamerawakes. andPatience.The1rstpreachesthedoctrine transcriptionsfromtheBiblestoriesofthede poetbetweenCynewulfandChaucer.

The2owingtogetherofSaxonandNorman-French

bmmofthevocabularyofthenewlanguage.Saxon temwasthereforeverydedniteandexact.

AHISTORYOFENGLISHLITERATURE

inationsofmenworknownotintermsofwarbutof givenwaytoabrightandvarioushumanity.

TheNormaninvasionhasdoneitswork.The

conquerorshaveceasedtobesuch,forforeign athand.

CHAPTERIII

THEAGEOFCHAUCER

I ransomedbyhisroyalmaster. 35

36AHISTORYOFENGLISHLITERATURE

Themehehverse.TheFrenchpoetDesChampscon

herhusbandJohnofGaunt,thekingasthirdson. importanceinhispoeticeducation.

THEAGEOPCHAUCER37

fromhispoemsvariousglimpsesofhisdaily afterthedayasworkwasdone,wouldsendhim men,dedicatedtotheyoungqueen.In1386hewas

38AHISTORYorENGLISHLITERATURE

yearleaseofahouseinSt.PaulasChurchyard. followedtheintellectualtwilightoftheMid bmmbOne),entitledbyChaucerTroilusandCres

THEAGEOFCHAUCER39

stillbeyondhisgrasp. andself-revealment.

40AHISTORYOFENGLISHLITERATURE

ofbblessedbeSeyntValentynlc ,andZephyrusandFlora, himselftohistask.

42AHISTORYOFENGLISHLITERATURE

man,incoatandhoodofgreen,asheafofpeacock

THEAGEOFCHAUCER43

44AHISTORYOFENGLISHLITERATURE

humantype;shehashadbhusbandsdveatchurch thelowestorderofvilleinsorserfs.

THEAGEOFCHAUCER45

fragmentary.

46AHISTORYOFENGLISHLITERATURE

uponhisshyabstractedairandhiscorpulency whatmanartowquodhe

Thoulookestasthouwouldestdndanhare,

ForeveruponthegroundIseetheestare.

Approachsnear,andlookupmerrily.

Nowwareyou,sirs,andletthismanhaveplace;

HeinthewaistisshapeaswellasI

Heseemethelvishbyhiscountenance

ForuntonoWightdoethhedalliance.

THEAGEOFCHAUCER47

inprose. onenessofChaucerasmindinhislastyears.

Rhyminga,b,a.b,b,c,c,

48AHISTORYOFENGLISHLITERATURE

gymnasticskill. andreworkinghismatterfreely.Anysuch wasoriginalineverysense.

Gower,_themoralGowertowhomhededi

ofmediaevalism.

50AHISTORYOFENGLISHLITERATURE

JohnWyclif(1320?themanwhobyhisteach

rebellion,wasprimarilyareligiousreformer andtheologian.HisconnectionwithEnglish property.Whilewagingawaroftheoryonthis

THEAGEOFCHAUCER

English.WiththeassistanceofNicholasof

nzvith position.Inhisgracefulworldliness,hisde

52AHISTORYOFENGLISHLITERATURE

Puritan.

THEAGEOFCHAUCER53

mytesofLondon.Thelasttracewegetofhimisin deathisunknown. hehadtosayuponthequestionsoftheday,and uponthegreatquestionsofhumanlife.He workeduponitforatleastthirtyyears,con delds.

1243121fullof

liesdowntorest,anddreams.Beneathhim,in

54AHISTORYOFENGLISHLITERATURE

thespringsofsocialandpoliticallife. stract1guresofPilgrimasProgress,theyseem afterward.

THEAGEOFCHAUCER.55

Easterbellspealinginhisears.

normodern,butofalltime. fromFrance,dependinguponregularaccentFmb ofthepoemwillserveasaspecimen

Inas6merséson.whansoftwasthes6nne,

I{hopemeinshroudes.asIashepewere

Inhabitasanhermit.unholyofw6rkes

Wentwideinthisworlde.w6ndrestohere.

56AHISTORYOFENGLISHLITERATURE

enabledhimtoattaininhislateryears.

Chaucerand

Gower.astothen

Faderdereandmaisterreverent,

whobeganmakingversesbeforeChauceras death,anddiedbeforetheoutbreakofthe llyfourstressesintheline.

58AHISTORYorENGLISHLITERATURE

uakitofeloquence,c

Untotheympnes(hymns)Ofmymaistersdere,

GowereandChaucere,thatonsteppissatt

Ofrhetorikewhiltheywerelyvandhere,

Superlativeaspoetslaureate,

wheretheoldpoetlayburied. sands.

CenturyProse:

Boston,1897.

THEAGEorCHAUCER.59

literarydesertofthe1fteenthItwas1nished by1470,butwasnotprinteduntilwhenCaxton, preaceromhisownhand.

CHAPTERIV

DEATHOFSPENSER

of weredependent.TheaccessionofHenryVII. mm'Asmengainedthisfreedomtheyfeltlessin 0

THERENAISSANCE61

Empireandcapturedin1153,manyGreek

thenewintellectualimpulsewasnourished. amongthepeopleandGermanyalsotookthe thought.

62AHISTORYorENGLISHLITERATURE

Italy.

universitiesandtheEnglishReformation.

THERENAISSANCE63

theRenaissance,whomingledtheenlightenvm' itsmanners.

More(1478AlthoughMoreSeparatedfromhis

thehandbookofastatesman,andassuchitis natureitself. subjectoftwoessaysbyRogerAscham(1515once

64AHISTORYOPENGLISHLITERATURE

snoodlife.Thesecond,TheSchoolmaster

Aschamwasascholar,andinhisstyleasinhis

hemarksthereverencefor lowedtherevivaloflearning.Hispurpose chooseEnglishandtowritesimply,buthe wouldhavebeeneasierforhimtowrite viewoflife,however,isthoroughlyRugli learningnotforitsownsake,but disciplineforcharacterandexampl himtheaimoflifeissocial andtheserviceoftheindi hand.Inverydeed,chesays, upofchildrendothasmuchserv viceofGod,ourPrince,andour onethingbeside.c

BothMoreandAschamare

thearistocracy.Popularliterature chiefmovementofthetimeamong ormation.Thestrugglefortheemauc frompriestlycontrolhadbegunin centuriesbefore,withWyclif thespiritoftheLollardshad

HenryVIII.Thisspirit,stre

theGermanand_Swissreformers,supplied whichmadeHenryaspoliticalseparation

TheEnglish1534,onaccountofhisdrst

mmtunityforarealreformation outthroughthecountryinthesermons theboldestamongHenryas powerfulpreacherofthequotesdbs_dbs21.pdfusesText_27

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