[PDF] FAIRSTED A CULTURAL LANDSCAPE REPORT FOR

View - Download FAIRSTED A CULTURAL LANDSCAPE REPORT FOR

Previous PDF

Next PDF

-I I

FAIRSTED

A CULTURAL LANDSCAPE REPORT

FOR THEJREDERICK LAW OLMSTED

NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE

VOLUME I: SITE HISTORY

REP.SE RETURN TO:

TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER

DENYER SERVICE CENTER

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

fAIRSTED

A CULTURAL LANDSCAPE REPORT

FOR THE FREDERICK LAW OLMSTED

NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE

VOLUME I: SITE HISTORY

By

Cynthia Zaitzevsky, Ph.D.

Zaitzevsky and Associates, Inc.

With an Afterword by Mac Griswold

CULTURAL LANDSCAPE PUBLICATION # 12

Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation

National Park Service

and the

Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University

Boston, Massachusetts

I 997

This report is part of the Cultural Landscape Publication Series produced by the National Park Service, Olmsted Center for

Landscape Preservation. This series includes a variety of publications designed to provide information and guidance on landscape

preservation to managers and other preservation professionals. The series editor is Nora J. Mitchell; Lauren Meier, Kirsten

Thornton and Phyllis Andersen edited this volume.

The Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation promotes the stewardship of significant landscapes through research, planning_,

and sustainable preservation maintenance. Based at the Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site, the Center perpetuates the

tradition of the Olmsted firms and Frederick Law Olmsted Sr.'s lifelong commitment to people, parks, and public spaces.

The Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation

99 Warren Street

Brookline, MA 02146

( 617) 566-1689

The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University was founded in 1872 with a mission devoted to scientific research, public educa

tion and international conservation. Its living collections are displayed on 265 acres designed by its first director, Charles Sprague

Sargent, and Frederick Law Olmsted. An integral part of Boston's Emerald Necklace, the Arnold Arboretum remains one of

Olmsted's best preserved designs.

The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University

125 Arborway

Jamaica Plain, MA 02130-3519

(617) 524-1718 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Zaitzevsky, Cynthia

Fafrsted: a cultural landscape report for the Frederkk Law Olmsted National Histork Site/ by Cynthia Zaitzevsky;

with an afterword by Mac Griswold. p. cm. -(Cultural landscape publication: #12)

Includes bibliographical references

Contents: v. 1. Site history.

1. Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site (Brookline, Mass.) 2. Olmsted, Frederick Law, 1822-1903-Homes and

haunts-Massachusetts-Brookline. 3. Landscape architecture-Massachusetts-Brookline. 4. Brookline (Mass.)-

Buildings, structures, etc. I. Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation (U.S.) II. Title. III. Series: Cultural landscape

publication: no. 12

F7 4.B9Z35 1997

712'.092-dc21

97-34762

C!P

Botanical drawings illustrating chapter titles are by Charles Edward Faxon from The Silva of North America by Charles Sprague

Sargent (Boston, Houghton-Mifflin, 1891-1902). All illustrations are of plants found at Fairsted.

Publication Credits: Information in this publication may be copied and used with the condition that full credit be given to the

author and publishers. Appropriate citations of and bibliographic credits should be made for each use.

Cover photo: Vinv of the south lawn and elm pre-J 903. Photo #673-nd. Courtesy, National Park Service, Olmsted National

Hi stork Site ArchiYcs.

IN REPLY REFER TO:

H30 (FRLA)

June 17, 1998

Dear Colleague,

United States Department of the Interior

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site

99 Warren Street

Brookline, Massachusetts 02146

We are pleased to enclose Fairsted, Cultural Landscape Report for the Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site, Volume 1: Site History by Cynthia Zaitzevsky, Phd. with an Afterword by Mac Griswold. This report is the result of rigorous historical research to analyze the evolution of the Fairsted landscape. This report documents changes made to landscape, especially related to the work of the Olmsted firm from 1883 to 1979 and serves as the principle research document to support the restoration of the grounds. This report was completed through a collaboration of the Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site, Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, and the Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation. Volume two of the Cultural Landscape Report, currently underway, provides specific recommendations regarding physical changes to the landscape and volume three will serve as a record of treatment. The Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site contains a nationally significant archive that includes over a million items associated with the work of the Olmsted firms and provides educational programs related to landscape preservation and stewardship. Many of the historic photos and plans contained in this volume are housed in the archives. The Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation promotes the preservation of significant landscapes through research, planning, stewardship, and public information. The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, founded in 1872, is devoted to scientific research, public education, and international conservation. This publication is the twelfth in the Cultural Landscape Publication Series produced by the Olmsted Center. The series includes a variety of publications intended to provide information and guidance on landscape preservation to managers and other preservation professionals. Lauren Meier, Phyllis Andersen, and Kirsten Thornton edited this volume. If you would like additional copies, the publication will soon be available for sale from Eastern National Parks and Recreation Association. If you have any questions or comments, please contact us at 617.566.1689.

Deputy Superintendent

J I 1; • TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS .............................................................................. vii

PREFACES ............................................................................................ xv

A NOTE ON THE USE OF PLANT NAMES ............................................................. xviii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................. xix

INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... I

CHAPTER I. 99 WARREN STREET: THE PRE-OLMSTED YEARS ........................................... 7 Olmsted and Brookline, Massachusetts ....................................................... 9 The Clark House ......................................................................... I 0 The Purchase ............................................................................ 11 CHAPTER II. THE FREDERICK LAW OLMSTED SR. ERA: 1883-1903 ...................................... 13 Introduction ............................................................................. 15 General Plans, Photographs and Written Documents .......................................... 15 Front Entry and Drive ..................................................................... 18 The Hollow .............................................................................. 23 Rock Garden and Southeast Corner ......................................................... 26 South Lawn and Rear Embankment ......................................................... 27 Service Areas ............................................................................ 31 Written Descriptions ofFairsted, 1883-1903 ................................................. 34 CHAPTER III. THE OLMSTED BROTHERS ERA, PART I: 1904-1920 ....................................... 37 Introduction ............................................................................. 39 General Plans, Photographs, and Written Documents ......................................... 39 Front Entry and Drive ..................................................................... 41 The Hollow .............................................................................. 43 Rock Garden and Southeast Corner ......................................................... 45 South Lawn and Rear Embankment ......................................................... 4 7 Service Areas ............................................................................ 53 CHAPTER IV: THE OLMSTED BROTHERS ERA, PART II: 1920-1940 ....................................... 57 Introduction ............................................................................. 59 General Plans, Photographs, and Written Documents ......................................... 60 Tenants ........................................................................... 60 iv The Spruce Pole Fence .............................................................. 61 General Horticultural Practices ...................................................... 63 Boundary and Utilities ............................................................. 65 Front Entry and Drive ..................................................................... 66 The Hollow .............................................................................. 66 Rock Garden and Southeast Corner ......................................................... 76 South Lawn and Rear Embankment ......................................................... 77 Service Areas ............................................................................ 78 Garden/Parking Lot ...................................................................... 79 Rear Office Courtyard .................................................................... 81 Vicinity of Plan Vault ..................................................................... 82 Service Court ............................................................................ 83 CHAPTER V. THE OLMSTED BROTHERS ERA, PART III: 1941-1963 ....................................... 87 Introduction ............................................................................. 89 General Plans, Photographs, and Written Documents ......................................... 89 Tenants ........................................................................... 89 The Spruce Pole Fence .............................................................. 90 General Horticultural Practices ...................................................... 91 Proposed Division ofproperty ....................................................... 91 Hurricane Damage ................................................................. 91 Organization of the Firm ............................................................ 91 Front Entry and Drive ..................................................................... 92 The Hollow .............................................................................. 92 Rock Garden and Southeast Corner ......................................................... 93 South Lawn and Rear Embankment ......................................................... 93 Service Areas ............................................................................ 94

CHAPTER VI. THE OLMSTED ASSOCIATES ERA: 1963-1979

Introduction

General Activities .... .

Front Entry and Drive .. .

The Hollow ............ .

Rock Garden and Southeast Corner ...

South Lawn and Rear Embankment .

Service Areas

........ 97 .......... 99 100
100
100
101
101
102
V CHAPTER VII. THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE OWNERSHIP: 1980-1994 ................................ 105 Policy and Management .................................................................. I 07 Early Studies and Planning Projects, 1980-1985 ....................................... 107 Modifications to the Original Landscape Management Policy, 1986-1991 ................ 108 Landscape Restoration Planning and Implementation, 1991-I 994 ....................... I 09 Changes to the Fairsted Landscape, 1980-1994 .............................................. 109 Front Entry and Drive ............................................................. I 10 The Hollow ...................................................................... 110 Rock Garden and Southeast Corner ................................................. 110 South Lawn and Rear Embankment ................................................. II 0 Service Areas ..................................................................... 112

BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................... 115

LIST OF REPOSITORIES CONSULTED AND OUTCOME ................................................. 117 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH ...................................................... 121 AFTERWORD BY MAC GRISWOLD .................................................................... 123 Introduction ............................................................................ 125 Fairsted: A Relic and a Symbol ...................................................... 125 Fairsted's Landscape, 1883-1930 .......................................................... 126 Interpreting the Design ............................................................ 126 Interpreting the Plantings .......................................................... 129 Planting Changes After Olmsted Sr. ................................ 131

The Family ............................ .

.. ... 132 Frederick and Mary ............................................................... 132 Rick, Marion, Owen, Charlotte-and Family Relations ................................ 134 John Charles, the Dutiful Son ....................................................... 136 The Home Office ........................................................................ 137 The Growth of the Firm ............................................................ 137 The Meaning of the Home Office Image for Olmsted and for the Profession ............... 138 Later Ties Between the Two Sides of the Landscape .................................... I 39

The Town of Brookline, Massachusetts ... .

. ...... 140 A Suburban History ......................................... . . ............... 140 e Fairsted's Neighborhood in Olmsted's Day ........................................... I 41 Ideas, Frederick Law Olmsted, and Brookline ......................................... 141 Ideas and the World: Changes in the I 920s ........................................... 143 vi Changes in Brookline, 1883-1930 ................................................... 144 Brookline's Continuity: 1883 to the 1920s ............................................ 145 • Conclusion 146

APPENDICES ........................................................................................ 151

Appendix A. Chronology of Plans, Photographs, and Other Key Documents .................... 153 Appendix B. Selected Planting Order Lists and Grounds Expenses ............................. 185 Appendix C. Selected Historical Documents ................................................ 239 Appendix D. List of Residents and Tenants of99-101 Warren Street, 1891-1964 ................. 247quotesdbs_dbs27.pdfusesText_33

[PDF] Biblio Oralité - Faculté de théologie et de sciences des religions - France

[PDF] Biblio pièces à lire sur un canapé

[PDF] Biblio polar jeunesse pour site internet fond différent - France

[PDF] Biblio Velazquez

[PDF] biblio Vignes et vins - Médiathèque départementale de la Drôme - France

[PDF] Biblio- thèque Municipale de Munich

[PDF] biblio-bar business plan - Inondation

[PDF] Biblio-dev psy de l`enfant

[PDF] Biblio-guide no. 15 Comment citer vos sources et insérer des notes

[PDF] Biblio-guide no1B

[PDF] Biblio-jeu

[PDF] Biblio-news du 20 au 24 octobre 2014

[PDF] Bibliobus-Enfants

[PDF] BiblioCS - copie - PsychoTémoins - Anciens Et Réunions

[PDF] BIBLIOGHAPHIE MAHOeAINE - Bibliothèque Nationale du - France