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JPPNW c/o Hiroshima Prefectural Medical Association Dedicated to those who survived the atomic bombings only to suffer continued fear and anxiety because of the lasting danger from radiation May the souls of the departed lie in peaceful repose May those still living and suffering be beacons shining brightly so that all humankind can see the evil of nuclear weapons

Contents

Contents

click here - General Nursing Home - Special Nursing Home - Short-Stay

The Hiroshima A-bomb Survivors Relief Foundation

How did you come to live in this

nursing home?

Nursing Homes for the A-bomb

Survivors

The Hiroshima A-bomb Survivors Relief Foundation

B-29 airplane(Enola Gay)

Disaster of the A-bomb

Where were you when the A-bomb

was dropped?

10 days before the A-bombing4 days after the A-bombing

B29 airplane (Enola Gay)

Hiroshima University Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine

Disintegration of Families due to

the A-bombing building demolition operations student mobilization

What was your family doing when

the bomb went off?

Building demolition operations

Student mobilization

Hiroshima University Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine

My family at the time of the bombing

235 was used in the A-bomb dropped on Hiroshima, which was equivalent to

15 thousand tons of TNT. Different from other types of bombs, the bomb is characterized

by a burst of fierce heat rays and radiation in addition to the initial blast. Of the energy emitted by the explosion, it is said that approximately 50% was in the f orm of the blast,

35% was heat rays, and 15% was radiation. (See the pie chart below)

An immense shock wave traveled from the blast. At the hypocenter the blast reached a speed of 440 meters per second. (The location on the ground d irectly beneath the point where the bomb exploded is called the hypocenter. The point of explosion in the air, 580 meters above the city, is called the epicenter.) In the area of 3 kilometers away from the hypocenter, the speed was estimated to be approximately 30 meters per second. In the case of the bomb dropped on Hiroshima, the temperature in the epi center is estimated to have reached several million degrees centigrade. One sec ond after detonation, a fireball with a radius of 200 meters was generated whose surface temperature reached 7,000 to 8,000 degrees. People exposed on th e street within 1.2 kilometers from the hypocenter sustained fatal burns.

Even at

3.5 kilometers away, people suffered burns on exposed skin, which later caused

the development of (See Q20). The uranium bomb dropped on Hiroshima released massive amounts of radiation, which can be identified as two types. One is the initial radiation (approximately 5% of the total energy) emitted in the air within a min ute of the explosion, and the other is the residual radiation (approximately 10% o f the total energy) emitted later on the ground for a limited time. Well, there were huge air raids in Tokyo. Especially on March 10, 1945, thousands of bombs were dropped and about 100,000 people lost their lives. Whole areas of the city were burned to the ground. We had air raids all over Japan, such as in Yokohama and Nagoya, but the Hiroshima and Nagasaki A-bombs were different from the bombs dropped on other cities. In Hiroshima and Nagasaki, just a single nuclear bomb was dropped. These bombs contained the destructive power of thousands of regular bombs, but were concentrated in one huge explosion. Hiroshima"s bomb also significantly differs from the bombs used in air raids on Tokyo or other cities because it was an atomic bomb. damage due to radiation still remains even sixty years after the bomb was dropped. Atomic bombs and regular bombs are completely different.

The enlarged photo of the upper

photo, showing burned out urban area similar to Hiroshima. ( provided by the U.S. Armed Forces.)The photo shows Tokyo at the time of the air raids. ( provided by the U.S. Armed Forces.)

: Factors in chromosomes that influence physical features and behavior. The genes are transmitted from parents to children.

: A metal element used for nuclear fuel via a chained fission reaction in nuclear energy production. Uranium ore is found in pitchblende and carnotite.

: Scars from burns or cuts that become swollen after recovery. They have a copperish and shiny color, rubbery hardness, stabbing pain or itchiness. (See Q20 for details.)

Types and Properties of Radiation

radioactive materials

What is radioactivity?

Radioactive materials

Heat Rays(radiation)

(Unit: Gray, Gy)

Coal (radioactive material)

(Unit: Becquerel, Bq) The unit of the amount of radioactivity is expressed in becquerel (Bq), the amount of radiation in Gray (Gy), and radiation dosage which affects a person's body in Sievert (Sv). In some cases, however, irrespective of radiation types, radiation dosage on a person's skin surface is expressed in Gray.

Radiation dosage per

particular organ or the sum of all radiation dosages in a person (Unit: Sievert, Sv) (Alpha)

ћray

(Beta)

ќray

(Gamma)

Neutron ray

neutronselectromagnetic waveselectrons neutronsprotons aluminum water lead concrete paper radium materials osteosarcoma angiographic drug nuclear meltdown at Chernobyl

History of Radiation Damage

2) vacuum discharges

Nobel Prize in Physics

Who was the first to discover

radiation?

Vacuum discharges

Nobel Prize in Physics

Radium materials

Osteosarcoma

Angiographic drug

Nuclear meltdown at Chernobyl

100-Year History of Radiation Injuries

Discovery of the X-ray

Miscarriage (X-rays)

Luminous paint (radium)

Atomic Bomb (uranium, plutonium)

Hydrogen Bomb (plutonium, americium)

Goiania (cesium)

Nuclear meltdown at ChernobylUral Nuclear Explosion (strontium)Angiographic (thorotrast)

Leukemia

Congenital anomaly

Osteosarcoma

Leukemia, Thyroid cancer, Breast cancer, etc

Congenital anomaly

Thyroid cancer

Thyroid cancer (urinary organ cancer)

Liver cancer

1920
1940
1960
1980
2000

Hiroshima and Nagasaki Bombs'

Differences

What's the difference between

Hiroshima"s bomb and Nagasaki"s?

Dates ofExplosion

Type ofNucleus

Point ofExplosion

ExplosivePower

August 6, 1945Hiroshima

Uranium

235
U

580±15m

15±3ktAugust 9, 1945

Nagasaki

Plutonium

239
Pu

503±10m

21±2kt

Mitsubishi Arms Factory Saigo Dormitory

Saibu Gas Ohashi Factory

Municipal Nagasaki Commercial School

Shiroyama National Primary School

500m1,000m1,500m2,000m

3,000m

Fuchi National Primary School

Inasa National Primary School

Fukuoka Prisoners' Camp(No.14 Branch)Zenza National Primary School

Nishizaka

National Primary School

Katsuyama

National Primary School

Shinkozen

National Primary SchoolAsahi National Primary SchoolJosei Women's Practical High School

Urakami Catholic Church

Nagasaki Medical College

Nagasaki Medical College Hospital

Ohura Catholic ChurchPrefectural Keiho Middle School Chinzeigakuin SchoolMitsubishi Arms Factory Ohashi Plant

Mitsubishi Arms Factory

Morimachi Plant

Mitsubishi Electric Nagasaki Factory

Mitsubishi Nagasaki ShipyardMitsubishi Shipyard Inasa LumbermillJunshingakuin School completely destroyed & burned down half destroyed completely destroyed

Nagasaki Harborburned downUrakami First Hospital

Prefectural Nagasaki Technical School

Mitsubishi Young Men's Technical School

Mt. Kompira

Mt. Inasa

Urakami Station

Nagasaki Station

Nagasaki City Hall

Nagasaki Prefectural Office

Meganebashi Bridge

DejimaHypocenter

Yamazato National Primary School

Municipal Nagasaki Hospital

Facilities for the A-bombed

Orphans

street children

How many children lost their

parents in the A-bombing?quotesdbs_dbs19.pdfusesText_25

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