[PDF] MATTAWA NIPISSING MÉTIS HISTORICAL RESEARCH PROJECT





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MATTAWA NIPISSING MÉTIS HISTORICAL RESEARCH PROJECT

PROJECT

FINALSYNTHESISREPORT

SUBMITTEDTO:THESTEERINGCOMMITTEE

SUBMITTEDON:MAY5,2015

SYNTHESISREPORT

2 T D

REPRESENTTHEVIEWSOROPINIONSOFTHERESEARCH

PARTNERSGROUPORSTEERINGCOMMITTEEMEMBERS.

SYNTHESISREPORT

3

Contents

3.7Genealogyfrom

3.10.4Religiousorspiritual

SYNTHESISREPORT

4

4.5ArrivaloftheRetiredTraders

.......90 6.13

SYNTHESISREPORT

5 127

7.2.3IntimateLook

SYNTHESISREPORT

6

Map1:TheOttawaRiver/NipissingPassageway

SYNTHESISREPORT

7

SYNTHESISREPORT

8

1 EXECUTIVESUMMARY

populationofformerNWCandHBCemployees. 1 communityis 2 3

Aboriginal

ThesettlementofMattawaprovided

canoeandportagetrails, likelytranscendthesegeographiclimits.

Europeans

nomadiclifestyle, century afterthe1760ConquestofCanada. and1821. 4

Knownas

1 2 3 4

People:MetisFamily,

SYNTHESISREPORT

9 the classesmaintainingmorelowlystations. 5 colonizersaroundRedRiverin1814. 6 distance. 7

America

withinthepagesof withthemtoMattawain Fort

212Ͳ

P0188.

5

1:298Ͳ300,P0189;Thomas

NahumMower,1819),4Ͳ5,P0190.

6

UponaRecentPublication,

7 ofOntario(hereafterAO),A1643.

SYNTHESISREPORT

10 theHBC.

1. Thiscommunityisnotanisolatednorclosedcommunity.Itisadaptingthroughouttheperiod

understudyasmemberscomeandgo.

2. Thekinshiplinkswithinthiscommunityaresignificant:89.92%,or1027ofthe1142people

framework,forexample).Wesee whostrategicallyassociatedwithone themselves. 8

3. ThecommunitylivesalongsidetheFirstNationPopulationinearlyyears,tradingwithFirst

theriseofthelumberindustry,

4. Thefurtrade,firstwiththeNWCandlatertheexpandedHBC,wastheprimaryemployerofthe

mixedͲancestry fromfursacquiredinthewinter,

Mattawafacility.

5. Diversificationfollowedasthetimberindustrysupersededthefurtradeasthedominantstaple

peoplebothtofarmandearnextraincome

6. GuidingthenbecameaviableeconomicpursuitforsuchfamiliesonceMattawabecameabigͲ

7. ThefirstknownmixedͲancestryfamiliessettledinrelativecloseproximitytothe

HBCpost

9

8. MovementpatternsappeartobeuniquetomixedͲancestryfamilies.Thosewhotrappedon

8 9

FinalReport(2012),50Ͳ1,P0192.

SYNTHESISREPORT

11 periodicallybetweenNovemberandApril. 10

Movement,particularlyinthesummermonths

11

Interestingly,theirsecond

touristsattheendofthenineteenthcentury.

9. ThemixedͲancestrypopulationaroundMattawavaluedandpracticedCatholicrites.

Notable

suittheirpurposes.

Thisreportreliessolelyonthewritten

theresearchteamfeelsthe 10 (hereafter,UWO),A1644. 11

SYNTHESISREPORT

12

2 INTRODUCTION

2.1.1 BACKGROUND

12

Theseearlier

2.1.2 REPORTCONTENTS

geographicalscopeoftheresearch. questionsposedintheoriginalRFP. thestudyareaandactivitiesthey religioushistories. research. marriedinto). aspartofthisresearch. 12

SYNTHESISREPORT

13 arestandardizedgenealogicalreports. finalreport.A electronicfilenames.

FamilyTreeMaker:AFamilyTreeMaker

thedatafoundinFamilyTreeMakerbutare moreaccessiblewithopensourcesoftware.

PersonsDatabase:ThisMSAccessdatabase

ExcelFormat

SocialNetworkAnalysis

includedinthefinalreport. notfeasible.Instead,thesourceusage source.

2.2 TERMINOLOGY

oroccupiedthestudy area?" theproblematic

SYNTHESISREPORT

14

2.2.1 MÉTIS

contexts. 13 standardizedterminology. during wasbeingspecificallyappliedtopeople - predominantlyofmixedFrenchͲCanadianandNative ancestry - whowerebeginningtodivergeas separateentityfromtheirparentalstocks. 14 15

Whatseparatedthisgroupfromother

16 complexionandhybridphysicalfeatures,quicklybecameasobriquet - andperhapsevenatribal designation - usedbyothers:AlexanderRossmentionedthat"brulés"werepresentatNWCpostswest

Brulés"weremore

13 14 Ortiz 15 16

Uponthe

(London:JohnMurray,1817)17Ͳ8,P0255.

SYNTHESISREPORT

15 17

Thislatterusage

mixedͲancestrypeople 18 andlateraChiefFactor specificallyidentifiedassuch. 19 thenineteenthcentury. 20 selfͲascriptive amixedͲancestryindividualis 17 andCo.,1831),

5,P0190.

18

P0191;SamuelGale,

1817),44Ͳ5,81,P0199.

19

3M20,HBCA,

LAC,A1645.

20 ofCivilization,2007),96,P0200.

SYNTHESISREPORT

16 times. whethertheybeFirstNation,Metis orInuit.

2.2.2 THEFURTRADEMATRIX

Nor'Westersencouragedcountrymarriages - especiallytobenefittheirownbiracialdaughters - dependantsforemployment championtheirown"Countrymen"family

2.2.3 SAUVAGE

andtheword consequencesofsuchatranslation. 21
ofmixedͲancestrypopulations settlers, 22
21

FinalReport(2012),19,61Ͳ4,P0192.

22
theinstitutionalCatholicChurchand,by conceptualmeanings.Whenamemberofthe tohaveadoptedand

SYNTHESISREPORT

17

2.2.4 FLUIDITYOFIDENTITYLABELS

"AlgonquinSB","Scotch",and"Algonquin" butby theenumerators.

Thereisamétis

littledesire.

ThesavagescalledthismanthemeanOjibway.

23
theindividualhe

2.2.5 COMMUNITY

"communities"intheregion.

TheStonecircle/KnowHistoryresearchteam

thatfamily,placeand 24
23
lui,unpetitgarçonvintlaprendre.Nous 24

SYNTHESISREPORT

18 networksof interests. 25

2.3 GEOGRAPHY

withitsapexabove settlements(hubs)anddispersed andinstitutions,sharedsocioeconomic 26
withatraditional trapping,logging,andhomesteading 25
26

SYNTHESISREPORT

19 thatpeopleareassociatedwithbutalsothe study. smallerwaterway - theeastern entrancetotheNipissingpassageway - andthenpaddledanother45 milestoitssource. 27
27

1821,"in

SYNTHESISREPORT

20 28
yearslater. 29

Canoesthen

30
31
nineteenth fortwomilesviolentlydownbothsides completedtheremaining125 32

Aroundtripbycanoe

justtogooneway. 33
28
29

Interior,

1930),101,128,P0155.

30

P0210.

31
32

WilliamsHarmon,SixteenYearsinthe

Society,1965),87,P0212.

33

SYNTHESISREPORT

21
ofharnessing 34

Contemporariesremarked

services,andthe1881 survival. 35

Company(Toronto:

34

WesternOntario(Toronto:

HunterRoseandCompany,1878),167,P0121.

35

SYNTHESISREPORT

22

3 RESEARCHQUESTIONS

descriptions.

3.1 ARRIVALOFEUROPEANS

Date Range

EventDescription

thebehestofSamueldeChamplain. birth theirstationswere

StudyAreaforonlyafewweeksin

bythe1720sandremainedthereuntilthe

ConquestofCanadain1760.

SYNTHESISREPORT

23

4.1ofthisreport.

3.2 "MÉTIS"FROMEARLYCONTACT

academicdebate.Aspointedoutintheearlierliteraturereview,onegroupofscholars - previously headedby JacquelinePeterson - maintainedthatdistinctive"Métis"communitiesdevelopedaround 36
37

Thestudyregion,which

individualsand 36
Dans

Métis,

37

SYNTHESISREPORT

24

3.3 ETHNOGENESISANDINͲMIGRATION

whatwereitsoriginsandwhatwasitstiming? economic,andreligioustiestoafurͲ and1821. 38
watershed,whichthey lafaçondupays(accordingtothe companyofficersand 39

Itwaspreciselythisgroupofpeople,

40
ageorvastdistance. 41

OttawaRiveras

earlyas1805).Seesection4.2,4.3

3.4 ETHNOGENESISELSEWHERE

Althoughalocal

38
39

4Ͳ5,P0190.

40
41

AO,A1643.

SYNTHESISREPORT

25

Coulongewhile

Consequently,lessthanadecadelater,AlexanderSheriffobserved"anestofoldtradingpeople -

French,or"BoisBrulées[sic]

Passe,Ontario).

42
43

Seesections4.3,4.4,4.5

3.5 ETHNOGENESISTHROUGHMERGER

furtradematrixofthe keptbyRomanCatholicclergy 4.5 42
43

SYNTHESISREPORT

26

3.6 NAMESOFMIXEDͲANCESTRY

ancestry. cases 44

Formoreinformationandprimarydocuments

Productdeliveredwiththisreport.

theidentitylabelcolumn.Forexample,the 44

SYNTHESISREPORT

27

Person

ID

Surname

Given

FirstRecordedintheStudyArea

LastknownPresenceintheStudyArea

Ethnicityidentifiedovercourseoflife

G0737

Alarie

Elizabeth

1901
1921

FrenchFB,Indian,Algonquin

Antoine

MariePhilomene

1887
1904

AlgonquinFrenchHalfBreedͲditto

Antoine

MarieMagdeleineFrancois

1878
1903

Antoine

Elizabeth

1869
1917

FrenchͲditto,AlgonquinFrHalfBreed

G0590AntoineDavid18911911AlgonquinG0456

Atkinson

Elizabeth

quotesdbs_dbs28.pdfusesText_34
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