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Guide on International

Development: Public Service

Careers and Opportunities

Written By:

Virginia Greiman, Attorney Advisor

Bernard Koteen Office of Public Interest Advising

Harvard Law School

Pound Hall, Room 329

Cambridge, MA 02138

(617) 495-3108

Fax: (617) 496-4944

opia@law.harvard.edu © 2011 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College 1

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements ...................................................... 2 Foreword ....................................................................... 3 Abbreviations and Acronyms ...................................... 4 Organization of Guide ................................................. 6

Part I - Overview of Development

Public Interest Law ...................................................... 8

Chapter 1: Introduction to International

Development Law and Practice Settings ...................... 8

Chapter 2: Entry Into a Career in

International Development Law .................................... 11 Chapter 3: Narratives .................................................. 19 Fulbright Scholar, South Africa (Univ. of Cape Town,

Stellenbosch Univ. and South African Human Rights

Commission) and Sheldon Fellowship, East Africa

(Microcredit NGO One Acre Fund)

CGAP/World Bank

ACCION International

Asian Development Bank

United States Agency for International Development

United Nations Development Program

World Bank Offi ce of Institutional Integrity

African Development Bank

World BankPart II - Overview of International Development Organizations and Opportunities ............................... 32

Chapter 4:

Overview of Civil Society and

Non-Governmental Organizations ................................. 32

Chapter 5:

Overview of Inter-Governmental

Organizations ................................................................ 42

Charts - USAID, United Nations and

The World Bank Organizational Structures ................... 49

Chapter 6:

Federal Governmental Organizations

and Foreign Governmental Organizations ..................... 52 Part III - Fellowships, Resources, and Organizational

Listings

... 55

Chapter 7:

Fellowships and Grants ............................. 55

Chapter 8:

Resources: Print and Online ..................... 69

Chapter 9:

Organizational Listings ............................. 74 2

Acknowledgements

On behalf of The Bernard Koteen Offi ce of Public Interest Advising (OPIA), it is a pleasure to present the fi rst HLS

Guide on International Development: Public Service Careers and Opportun ities. This Guide has been designed to assist

you in your career search in the fi eld of development. As refl ected in the narratives and in the numerous resources and

organizations listed in this guide the opportunities are vast and diverse and provide great experiences for those with an entrepreneurial spirit. Due to the enormous amount of information and p rospects in the broad fi eld of economic and social development, we have prepared a separate guide on domestic development f ocusing on opportunities in non-profi ts and local, state and the federal government within the United States. We have many to thank for their tremendous contribution to this Guide esp ecially Bernard Koteen, Dean Martha Minnow and former Dean Eleana Kagan for making public service among the highest priorities at the Law School. Alexa

Shabecoff, Assistant Dean and Director of OPIA continues to inspire us to explore ways to expand opportunities and thi

nk creatively about public service and contributed greatly to this guide th rough her dedication and vast knowledge about

this expanding fi eld of law. Kirsten Bermingham, OPIA"s incredible Assistant Director for Administration, contributed to

every aspect of this guide, including its ultimate publication and Micah

Nemiroff of our OPIA staff was always available

to provide needed support.

A special thanks goes to Kali Schellenberg our Summer Fellow who attended to every detail and drafted many of the

sections of this guide and was always available long beyond her summer f ellowship to assist with the fi nal editing. She spent countless hours assuring the guide was accurate, up to date and pr ovided extensive resources for students interested

in expanding their knowledge of development. Lisa Williams, Associate Director of OPIA provided counsel and guidance

on various subjects and insights on students working in the fi eld. As always, Judy Murciano, Associate Director of OPIA

and Harvard Law School"s Fellowships Director, provided a comprehensive overview of fellowships available both in the

United States and internationally to assist students interested in resea rch, scholarship and entrepreneurial opportunities in

development. Joan Ruttenberg, OPIA"s Heyman Fellowship Director, assisted in updating us on government opportunities

in development.

We are grateful to the faculty, students, Wasserstein fellows, Heyman fellows and the alumni who offered their time

and assistance in contributing to this guide. As always, we thank Bill Alford, Vice Dean for the Graduate Programs

and International Legal Studies at Harvard, Tyler Giannini of the Human Rights Program, and Jim Cavallaro, formerly

with theHuman Rights Program, for their continuous support of OPIA and public service. We also thank Assistant Dean

Lisa Dealy and Assistant Director Lee Branson of the Offi ce of Clinical and Pro Bono Programs who contributed to our

understanding of the many pro bono and clinical opportunities available in development. We are especially appreciative

of Harvard Law and International Development Society offi cers and members, Anne Healey, Emily Inouye and Lisa

Taylor in providing guidance on both content and editorial advice. Finally, I would like to express our appreciation to all those who took time fr om their busy schedules to send us

information about their programs and organizations and to those students and alumni who enlightened us with an

overview of their pathway to a career in development. A special thanks to Emily Broad, Helen Lawrence, Astrid Andre,

Deval Desai, Dr. Kala Mulqueeny, Margaux Hall, Victoria Shannon, John Hill, Stephen Darrow, Mark Fittipaldi, Nick

Lundgren, Jennifer Chien, Valerie Dabady Liverani, Chris Drake, Gregory Scally, El Cid Butuyan, David Garr, Peri

Johnson, Sarah Miller, Christina Bain, Kevin Saunders, Gerard Sanders, Amaka Megwalu, Tanusri Prasanna, and Natalie

Lichtenstein.

To all of you who use this guide we wish you much success as you follow y our passions and interests in this important fi eld of public service.

Ginny A. Greiman

Attorney Adviser

Bernard Koteen Offi ce of Public Interest Advising 3

Foreword

By reading this guide, you will become aware of the broad reach of econo mic and social development in the international

sphere, and in developed and developing countries. You will learn not only about specifi c internship opportunities, but

more importantly about the experiences of HLS students and graduates and the important considerations for a career in

public interest law and development. After reviewing the narratives you will fi nd there is no one path to legal work in

this fi eld, but you will gain knowledge about important strategies for advancin g your career opportunities that include cultivating contacts, taking relevant courses while in law school, utili zing summer internships and pro bono opportunities,

researching for a professor and joining an international journal or organization that will enhance your knowledge about

this growing fi eld of public interest law. Having spent a good part of my own career in economic development at the state, federal, and international levels, I can assure you that it is a tremendously rewarding and challenging caree r opportunity. My public service career in development began while working for the Department of Justice where I se rved as United States Trustee on several large infrastructure and development projects including a major airline, a nuc lear power plant and a leading international bank holding company. Serving as an international consultant for the U.S. Department of Sta te, the World Bank and the U.S. Agency for International Development in Eastern and Central Europe helpi ng transition economies address the fall of communism was an enriching experience that taught me about the importanc e of the rule of law and the development of

a legal system that would sustain social and economic growth. Later, I had similar opportunities to assist in privatization

and trade development with several Asian countries. In recent years I served as Deputy Counsel and Risk Ma

nager

to Boston"s $14.9B Central Artery/Tunnel Project and as general counsel to the Massachusetts Offi ce of Economic

Development where I focused on foreign direct investment and the advance ment of minority and women owned businesses. Recently, I had the opportunity to lead a U.S. State Department Delegation to Li beria where I worked on legal reform reaching out to local law schools, NGOs and government depa rtments on social and economic development,

rule of law initiatives and capacity building. Presently, I am working with several non-profi ts to establish training

programs for government agencies, community groups, lawyers and bar asso ciations in Rwanda, Uganda and other African countries on infrastructure development and capacity building, l egal reform, community participation and dispute resolution, and sustainability. The organizations and experiences highlighted in this guide will provide an in troduction to the vast opportunities in economic development and public service. Most important, your attitudes , skills and passion will assist you in fi nding amazing opportunities to support communities around the world in food an d water security, sustainability, poverty reduction, social advancement, urban renewal, disaster relief, capacity building, privatization, innovation and legal reform. Please do not hesitate to call upon me or any other members of the OPIA staff as you consider these rewarding

opportunities to make a difference in the life of others. We look forward to assisting you in your future career goals.

Ginny A. Greiman

OPIA Attorney Adviser

Bernard Koteen Offi ce of Public Interest Advising 4

Abbreviations and Acronyms Frequently Used

in Development

AGOA African Growth and Opportunity Act

AID Agency for International Development

AFD Agence Francaise de Development of France

AfDB African Development Bank

ADB Asian Development Bank

ABA American Bar Association

BIS Bank for International Settlements

BIT Bilateral Investment Treaty

BOT Build-Operate-Transfer (Means that the project is transferred back to the party granting the concession after it is complete and debt is repaid)

BOOT Build-Own-Operate-Transfer (Variation of a

BOT project but permits ownership before

operation.) CEJIL The Center for Justice and International Law

DOC Department of Commerce

EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and

Development

EIB European Investment Bank

EXIMBANK Export-Import Bank of the United States

FCPA Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

FDI Foreign Direct Investment

GCA Global Coalition for Africa (Based at World

Bank headquarters in D.C.)

HLS Harvard Law School

IDA International Development Association (Part of the World Bank group)

IDB Inter-American Development Bank

IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and

Development ( the World Bank group)ICSID International Centre for Settlement of

Investment Disputes (the World Bank Group)

ICC International Chamber of Commerce

IEA International Energy Agency

IFC International Finance Corporation (the World

Bank group)

IMF International Monetary Fund

IPP Independent Power Project

IDB Islamic Development Bank

LDCs Least Developed Countries

MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (Risk insurance arm of the World Bank IBRD)

MITI The Japanese Ministry of International Trade

and Industry

MNC Multinational Corporation

MOFTEC Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic

Cooperation (China)

MOITI Massachusetts Offi ce of International Trade and

Investment

NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission

OAS Organization of American States

OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and

Development

OPEC The Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries

OPIA Bernard Koteen Offi ce of Public Interest

Advising, Harvard Law School

OPIC Overseas Private Investment Corporation (U.S.

Government Organization providing insurance

and partial fi nancing to U.S. private investment in developing countries

PFI Private Finance Initiative (UK mechanism for

funding infrastructure) 5

PPP Public Private Partnership

ROI Return on Investment

SMEs Small and Medium Enterprises

TDA United States Trade and Development Agency

UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and

Development

UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development

Organization

UNDP United Nations Development Program

UNEP United Nations Environmental Program

USAID United States Agency for International

Development

USTR Offi ce of the United States Trade Representative

WBI World Bank Institute

WTO World Trade Organization

6

A Guide to International Development Public

Interest Opportunities

Organization of Guide

This guide is designed to introduce you to the broad and expanding fi eld of development from an international perspective. With the increased integration of developing and transition economies into the world economy, the need for skills in this emerging area of law is vast and encompasses a broad range of opportunities. In developing and post-con" ict countries especially, there is a widespread lack of capacity and expertise in economic and social development. Though development is practiced both internationally and domestically, we focus in this guide on international development. To assist you in preparing for the extraordinary range of possibilities for the practice of international development, this guide provides an overview of the organizations and opportunities that may interest you both during and after law school. The listings at the end of this guide are meant to assist you in possible career paths, but are by no means all-inclusive. Described below is an outline of the guide"s organization and the highlights of the various Chapters.

This Guide is divided into three parts:

€ Part I (Chapters 1-3) ... Overview of Development

Public Interest Law

€ Part II (Chapters 4-6) ... An Overview of International

Development Organizations and Opportunities

€ Part III (Chapters 7-9) ... A Directory of International

Development Resources, Fellowships and

Organizational Listings

Part I is designed to assist you in developing an

understanding of the different types of international development settings and practices, as well as provide general advice on entry into an international development career including the role of the development lawyer, personal assessment, and how to build a career in development. Part II provides an overview of the three broad categories of international development practice. Part III contains actual organizational resources and listings including descriptions of the organization, contacts and fellowship opportunities.

Chapter 1 - Introduction to International

Development Law and Practice Settings

Chapter 1 provides an overview of international

development as it applies to law settings and practice areas around the world.

Chapter 2 - Entry Into a Career in

International Development Law

Chapter 2 offers practical advice about preparing for and conducting a career search in international development. The Chapter includes a personal assessment, academic preparation for a career in development, and the role and qualifi cations of the development lawyer.

Chapter 3 - Narratives

Chapter 3 provides narratives from students and attorneys working in various practice settings in international development. The narratives present windows into the daily work lives of the authors as well as into their career choices.

Chapter 4 - Civil Society Organizations

(CSOs) and Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) As described in Chapter 4, thousands of CSOs and NGOs exist throughout the world, and these organizations are perhaps best known for taking direct action in bringing concerns to the public consciousness, as well as developing legal principles that command the assent of states. This Chapter also describes a number of successful entrepreneurial pursuits that have grown from the passions and energy of one or two individuals into organizations with a staff of several hundred people. These organizations focus on a variety of issues including human rights, environmental, and anti-poverty law.

Chapter 5 - Intergovernmental Organizations

(IGOs) Intergovernmental development organizations address a myriad of substantive issues of law including human rights, economic and social development, hunger and poverty alleviation, capacity building and environmental law. As described in Chapter 5, the UN and other intergovernmental organizations clearly provide a forum for the development and coordination of international law on development and re" ect the diversity of the international community and its many needs.

Chapter 6 - Government Agencies

Governmental agencies worldwide, perhaps more than any other international organization or entity, drive public policy and set the frameworks for international development. Chapter 6 focuses primarily on U.S. government agencies that are involved in international development projects as distinct from domestic projects with a brief summary of strategies for obtaining positions with both the federal government and foreign governments. 7

Chapter 7 - Fellowships

This Chapter is devoted to fellowships relevant to development and includes information on the role of a fellow, application procedures, and entrepreneurial grants. Fellowships and grants may offer the fi nancial and professional support to work at exciting organizationsquotesdbs_dbs29.pdfusesText_35

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