MAT 163 - Surds Indices
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5. SURDS AND LOGARITHMS
Rationalizing Factor: When the product of two surds is a rational number then each surd is called. Rationalizing Factor (R.F.). • Law of Surds and Exponents.
LOGARITHMS EXAM QUESTIONS
log. 2 log x y. = + . Give the answer as exact simplified surds. Solve the above simultaneous logarithmic equations giving the final answers as exact powers ...
EXPONENTS AND LOGARITHMS
= giving your answers in simplified surd form. Make sure you check your answers by substituting them into the original equation. 14. Solve the equation 25.
AMath - Indices Surds and Logarithms Notes.pdf
%20Surds%20and%20Logarithms%20Notes.pdf
Maths Module 4 - Powers Roots and Logarithms
surds. This process is explained on the next page. 5. Your Turn: Which of the following are surds? a. √1 b. √2 c. √3 d. √4 e. √9 f. √2. 3 g. √8. 3 h ...
Cambridge IGCSE 0580 Mathematics syllabus for examination in
Knowledge of logarithms is not required. C2.5 Equations. Notes and examples. 1 1 Understand and use surds including simplifying expressions. 2 Rationalise ...
Introduction to Exponents and Logarithms Christopher Thomas
exponential form and we call b the base and n the exponent
Quick Start Guide (fx-991EX/fx570EX)_CASIO
Calculate 13 different one-variable statistics and apply linear
N3-Answers-Exponents Surd Logarithms
maTH(ə)ˈma ks. Exponents surds and logarithms. Page 2. N3-Exponents
Properties of Exponents and Logarithms
Properties of Logarithms (Recall that logs are only defined for positive values of x.) For the natural logarithm For logarithms base a. 1. lnxy = lnx + lny. 1.
Grade-11-12-Mathematics-Exponents-Surds-and-Logs-.pdf
Simplify expressions involving rational exponents. Unit 2. • Simplify expressions involving surds. Unit 3. • Revise the logarithmic notation and logarithm
LOGARITHMS EXAM QUESTIONS
log. 2. 4 x y. = Question 7 (**+). An exponential curve has equation c) Determine as an exact simplified surd
N3-Answers-Exponents Surd Logarithms
maTH(?)?ma ks. Exponents surds and logarithms. Page 2. N3-Exponents
Maths Module 4 - Powers Roots and Logarithms
5. Roots. 6. Root Operations. 7. Simplifying Fractions with Surds. 8. Fraction Powers/Exponents/Indices. 9. Logarithms. 10. Helpful Websites. 11. Answers
5. SURDS AND LOGARITHMS
Rationalizing Factor: When the product of two surds is a rational number then each surd is called. Rationalizing Factor (R.F.). • Law of Surds and Exponents.
Indices Surds and Logarithms
%20Surds%20and%20Logarithms%20Notes.pdf
Logarithms
solve simple equations requiring the use of logarithms. Contents. 1. Introduction Write the following using logarithms instead of powers a) 82 = 64.
N3-Questions-Exponents Surds Logarithms
N3 Math Exam Paper. Exponents surds and logarithms. maTH(?)?ma ks. Page 2. N3-Exponents
Worksheet 2.7 Logarithms and Exponentials
Logs have some very useful properties which follow from their definition and the equivalence of the logarithmic form and exponential form. Some useful
If it is a surd of n
th order, then (i) Whe = 2, it is called quadratic surd. (ii) Whe = 3, it is called cubic surd.Whe = 4, it is called biquadratic surd.
Note: -
Every surd is an irrational number but every irrational number is not a surd. So the representation of monomial surd on a number line is same that of irrational numbers. e.g., (i) is a surd and e is irrational number (ii) is an irrational number but it is not a surd (i) Pure Surd: A surd which has unity only as rational factor the other factor being irratio nal is called Pure Surd. e.g. 2,3443, 4, 5
(ii) Mixed Surd: A surd consisting of the product of a rational and irrational is called Mixed Surd e.g., 53, 12 ,and if a is rational number and not equal to zero and n b is a surd, then a n b, are mixed surd. If a = 1 they are called pure surd. Mixed Surd can be written as Pure Surd. www.plancess.com (iii) Compound Surd: A surd which is the sum or di?erence of two or more surds is called Compound Surd. e.g., 2 + 33, 1+2- 3
(iv) Monomial Surd: A surd consisting only one surd is called Monomial Surd. e.g., 3 5, 57 (v) Binomial Surd: A compound surd consisting of two surds is called a Binomial Surd. e.g.2 3 3, 3 7
(vi) Trinomial Surd: A compound surd consist of 3 surds is called Trinomial Surd. e.g.7 5 3 ,3 5 4 2 2 11
(vii) Similar Surds: If two surds are di?erent multiples of the same surd. ?ey are called Similar Surds otherwise they are Dissimilar Surds. e.g.,22,52 are similar surds and 33, 65 are dissimilar surds
(viii) Conjugate Surd: Two conjugate surds which are di?er only in signs (+/-) between them e.g., a + b and a - b are Conjugate Surds. Sometimes conjugate and reciprocal are same e.g., 2 -3 is conjugate of 2 +3 and reciprocal of 2 - 3 is 2 + 3
?e process of converting a surd to a rational number by multiplying it with a suitable RationalisingFactor.
When the product of two surds is a rational number, then each surd is called Rationalizing Factor (R.F.) e.g., ( 3 2)( 3- 2)= 3 - 2 = 1 which is rationalOne of R.F. of a
1/n is 11-n a e.g., 5 3/5 and 5 2/5 are Rationalising Factor of each otherR.F. of (a +b) is (a - b) and that of a- b is ab.
R.F. of
a b-c is ab c www.plancess.com (i) If a + b= c + d where a, c are rational number andb, dare surds, then a = c and b = d (ii) If a, b, 2 ab are positive rational numbers and b is a surd, then 22a a -ba- a -bab 22
(iii) If a, b, c, d are positive rational numbers and b, c, d are surds then bd bc cdab c d4 4 44c 4d 4b (iv) 2
4b k5a kb-b b5
(v) b-c3a bcc3 (vi) 33ab is a R.F. of a 2/3 - a 1/3 b 1/3 + b 2/3 and vice versa (vii) 33
ab is R.F. of a 2/3 + a 1/3 b 1/3 + b 2/3 and vice versa (viii) 22
x -kx -k (a b) (a- b) = 2a, a 2 - b = 1 x k1 If a > 0, b > 0 and n is a positive rational number then (i) n1nnn aaa (ii) nn n a b ab[Here order should be same] (iii) nnn aabb (iv) nmm nm n aa a (v) nppn aa np p/n aa or, npn mpm aa pnmp (a ) [Important for changing order of surds] (vi) 111mn
mn3n mnmnmmn a aa a a a (vii)
11 1 nmmmmnnmm n mn1n
n aa aa a a a www.plancess.com (viii) If a n = b then 1 nn ab a b (ix) m nmn aa If two surds are of same order then one whose radicand is larger is the larger of the two or if x > y > 0 and n > 1 is + ve integer then n x > n y e.g., 337719 13, 18 93
(i) 425 is a surd as radicand is a rational number.
Similar examples
5345, 12, 7 , 12, ....
(ii) 31 is a surd (as surd + rational number will give a surd)Similar examples
33 2 , 2 3 , 3 1, .....
(iii) 9 45is a surd as 9 45 is a perfect square of 25.Similar examples
7 4 3,7 4 3, 9 4 5,....
(iv) 13325 is a surd as
1 113181/2 1/336 18
((5) ) 5 5 5Similar examples
3453, 6,.....
(v) ?ese are not a surd: (a)93 is not a surd.
(b)1 5,because 15 is not a perfect square.
(c) 33 2, because radicand is an irrational number.
Illustration 1: If
1/3 2/3
x 33 3 ,then nd the value of 32x 9x 18x 12. Sol:
1/3 2/3
x 33 31/3 2/3
x33 3Cubing both sides
33 1/3 2/3
(x 3) 3 3 32x 9x 27x 27 12 3(3)(x 3)
1/3 2/3
since 3 3 x 3 32x 9x 18x 12 0 www.plancess.com
Illustration 2: If
xy a m,a n and2 y xz
a (m .n ) then ?nd the value of xyz.Sol: Given
2 y xz
a (m .n )2 xy yxz
a [(a ) .(a ) ] xy [ m a ,n a ]2 xy xy z
a [a .a ]2 2xy z
a [a ]2 2xyz
aaHere base is same
Hence 2 = 2xyz xyz = 1.
Illustration 3: Simplify
3 3 4 2.Sol: LCM of 3 and 4 is 12
121/3 4/12 4
33 3 And
121/4 3/12 3
22 234
32
12124 3 4312
3 2 (3 )(2 )
12 81 812 648
Illustration 4: Arrange
346, 7 and 5 in ascending order.
Sol: L.C.M. of 4, 3, 2 is 12.
131234124 12
6 6 6 6 216
14 3412312
7 7 7 12 7 2401
16126122 12
5 5 5 5 15625
Hence ascending order i.e.
346, 7, 5
www.plancess.com If a" is a positive real number, not equal to 1 and x is a rational number such that a x = N, then x is the Logarithm of N to the base a. If a x = N then log aN = x. [Remember N will be + ve i.e., N 0]
e.g., 2 3 = 8 then log 2 8 = 3 ?ere are two systems which are general used Napierian Logarithms and Common Logarithms ?e logarithms of numbers calculated to the base e" are called Natural Logarithms or Napierian Logarithms. Here e" is an irrational number lying between 2 and 3 (Approx value of e = 2.73) Logarithms to the base 10 are called Common Logarithms. log 10 1 = 0 log 1010 = 1
log 10100 = 2
log 101000 = 3
log 1010000 = 4
log 10100000 = 5
log 101000000 = 6
So you can see, the base-10 log of a number tells you approximately its order of magnitude. ?is is how logarithms can be very useful. It helps us to convert a large number to a very small one and at the same time the smaller numbers can be converted to a number which can be comparable to the bigger ones. www.plancess.comUSE OF LOGARITHMS IN OUR LIFE
An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another. ?e amount of energy released during an Earthquake can be enormous. Richter Scale is used to study the intensity of the earthquakes. Because of the huge range of the energy released from the earthquakes, the knowledge of logarithms turns out to be very helpful. In elementary terms, the Richter Scale is nothing but a base -10 logarithmic scale. ?is implies that it describes the energy released in terms of the order of the magnitude instead of its original value.Magnitude wise impact of the earthquakes:
Magnitude 3 and lower
- are almost imperceptible or weak causing no damage Magnitude 5 - it can be felt by everyone and can cause slight damage to normal buildings. Magnitude 7 - can cause serious damage over larger areas, (depending on the depth of the epicenter). Magnitude 9 and above - Total destruction, severe damage, death toll usually over50,000.
Uday Kiran G
KVPY Fellow
(i) Logarithms are de?ned only for positive real numbers (ii) Logarithms are de?ned only for positive bases di?erent from 1. (iii) In log b a, neither a nor b is negative i.e., log of (-) ve number not de?ned but the value of log b a can be negative e.g., 10 -2 = 0.01, log 100.01 = - 2
(iv) log of 0 is not de?ned as a n = 0 not possible (v) log of 1 to any base is 0. e.g., log 21= 0 ( 2
0 = 1) log of a number to the same base is 1. e.g., log 4 4 = 1 Logarithms of the same number to di?erent base have di?erent values. i.e., if m n then log m a log n a. In other words, if log m a = logna then m = n. e.g., log 216 = log
n 16 n = 2, log 216 log
416. Here m n
Logarithms of dierent numbers to the same base are dierent i.e., if a b, then log m a log m b.In other words if log
m a = log m b then a = b e.g., log 10 2 log 10 3 a b log 102 = log
10 y y = 2 a = b www.plancess.comFigure 5.1
Logarithm to any base a (where a > 0 and a
1). (i) log a (mn) = log a m + log a n [Where m and n are +ve numbers] (ii) log a m n = logquotesdbs_dbs14.pdfusesText_20[PDF] exposition art paris avril 2019
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