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DERIVATION METHODS OF SOIL SCREENING VALUES

IN EUROPE. A REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF

NATIONAL PROCEDURES TOWARDS

HARMONISATION

EDITOR

C

LAUDIO CARLON

EUR 22805 EN - 2007

DERIVATION METHODS

OF SOIL SCREENING VALUES

IN EUROPE

A REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF NATIONAL

PROCEDURES TOWARDS HARMONISATION

A report of the ENSURE Action

Editor

Claudio Carlon

Technical Editor

Marco D'Alessandro

In bibliographies, this report should be refereed to as: Carlon, C. (Ed.) (2007). Derivation methods of soil screening values in Europe. A review and evaluation of na tional procedures towards harmonization. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra,

EUR 22805-EN, 306 pp.

The mission of the Institute for Environment and Sustainability is to provide scientific-technical support

to the European Union's Policies for the protection and sustainable development of the European and global environment.

Editor

Claudio Carlon

Technical Editor

Marco D'Alessandro

European Commission

Directorate-General Joint Research Centre

Institute for Environment and Sustainability

I - 21020 Ispra (VA)

Contact information

Address: Marco D'Alessandro, RWER Unit, IES, TP.460, JRC-Ispra, Italy

E-mail: marco.dalessandro@jrc.it

Tel.: +39 0332 789002

Fax: +39 0332 785601

http://ies.jrc.ec.europa.eu http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu

Legal Notice

Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa.eu.int

JRC PUBSY 7123

EUR 22805 EN

ISBN: 978-92-79-05238-5

ISSN: 1018-5593

Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities

© European Communities, 2007

Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged

Printed in Italy

DERIVATION METHODS

OF SOIL SCREENING VALUES IN EUROPE

A REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF NATIONAL PROCEDURES

TOWARDS HARMONISATION

Authors

Claudio Carlon

1 , Marco D'Alessandro 1 , Frank Swartjes 2

European Commission - DG Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Rural, Water

and Ecosystem Resources Unit National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Laboratory of Ecological Risk Assessment Experts who contributed to country reports and peer review

Dietmar Müller

Umweltbundesamt GmbH (Austrian Federal Environment

Loredana Musmeci

Reparto Igiene del Suolo e Rifiuti, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy

Christa Cornelis

1 , Griet Van Gestel 2

VITO, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium

OVAM, Stationsstraat 110, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium

Gregorauskiene Virgilija, Kestutis Kadunas

Geochemistry Group, Geological Survey of Lithuania, S.

Konarskio 35 2600 VILNIUS Lithuania

Henri Halen

SPAQuE s.a. Bld d'Avroy, 38/6, 4000 LIEGE, Belgium

Eleonora Wcislo, Marek Korcz

Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas

Kossutha St. PL - 40 -844 Katowice, Poland

Milan Sanka

Czech Institute for Nature Protection, Research and Monitoring Base, Lidicka 25-27, 657 20 Brno, Czeck

Republic

Milagros Vega

1 , Maria Dolores Fernández 2 , and

Jose' V. Tarazona

2

1- ERA Consult, C/ Palencia, E - 28020 MADRID

2- Spanish National Institute for Research and

Technology (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain

Christina Ihlemann

1 , Irene Edelgaard 1 , John Jensen 2

1- Danish Environmental Protection Agency Strandgade

29, DK-1401 Copenhagen K

2- National Environmental Research Institute Vejlsoevej

DK - 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark

Yvonne Österlund

1 , Celia Jones 2 , Mark Elert 1

1- Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, SE-

106 48 Stockholm,Sweden

2- Kemakta Konsult AB Box 12655 112 93 Stockholm,

Sweden

Jaana Sorvari and Jussi Reinikainen

Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) .O. Box 140,

00251 Helsinki, Finland

Benoit Hazebrouck

INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata BP

F - 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France

Frank Swartjes

1 , Michiel Rutgers 1 , Leo

Posthuma

1 , Herman Walthaus 2

1 - RIVM - National Institute of Public Health and the

Environment, Laboratory of Ecological Risk Assessment,

Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven,

The Netherlands

2- Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the

Environment (VROM), PO Box 30945; 2500 GX Den

Haag, The Netherlands

Andreas Bieber

Federal Ministry for the Environment. Soil Protection and

Contaminated Sites. Robert-Schuman-Platz 3, 53175

Bonn, Germany

Albania Grosso, Samantha Fishwick

and

Graham Merrington

Environment Agency, Evenlode House

Howbery Park, UK - OX10 8BD Wallingford, United

Kingdom

CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2

PREFACE 8

INTRODUCTION TO SCREENING VALUES 10

(Claudio Carlon)

1.1. The meaning, basis and use of screening values

1.2. Comparison of screening values

2. RATIONALE AND METHODS OF THE REVIEW 16

(Claudio Carlon, Frank Swartjes)

2.1. Objectives

2.2. A coherent framework for the derivation of soil screening values

2.3. Methods for collecting information

2.4. Methods for the analysis of relevance and reasons of variability

3. ANALYSIS OF VARIABILITY AND REASONS OF DIFFERENCES 26

(Claudio Carlon, Frank Swartjes)

3.1. Regulatory framework and general features

3.2. Human health risk assessment

3.3. Ecological risk assessment

4. VARIABILITY OF SOIL SCREENING VALUES 58

(Frank Swartjes, Marco D'Alessandro, Claudio Carlon)

4.1. Procedure

4.2. Results

5. RELATION BETWEEN SOIL AND GROUNDWATER SVs 74

(Claudio Carlon, Marco D'Alessandro)

6. CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 76

(Claudio Carlon, Frank Swartjes)

7. REFERENCES 82

ANNEXES 86

Annex 1. QUESTIONNAIRE FORM AND RESULTS 88

1 Questionnaire form

2 Countries, type of screening values and authors of the questionnaire

3 Questionnaire results: regulatory framework and main features

4 Questionnaire results: human health risk assessment

5 Questionnaire results: ecological risk assessment

Annex 2. COUNTRY REPORTS 127

1. Austria 127

2. Belgium 132

2.1 Flanders 132

2.2 Wallonian Region 137

3. Czech Republic 145

4. Denmark 150

5. Finland 157

6. France 164

7. Germany 174

8. Italy 181

9. Lithuania 186

10. Poland 190

11. Slovak Republic 195

12. Spain 200

13. Sweden 209

14. The Netherlands 220

15. United Kingdom 231

Annex 3. SCREENING VALUES 243

1. Austria 245

2. Belgium 249

2.1 Flanders 255

2.2 Wallonian Region 260

3. Czech Republic 265

4. Denmark 271

5. Finland 272

6. France 273

7. Germany 276

8. Italy 280

9. Lithuania 290

10. Poland 295

11. Slovak Republic 298

12. Spain 302

13. Sweden 303

14. The Netherlands 304

EUROPEAN COMMISSION - JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE

2

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Problem definition

Soil Screening Values (SVs) are generic quality standards that are used to regulate land contamination. Soil SVs adopted in European countries are widely variable in multiple aspects. The use of SVs varies from setting long term quality objectives, via triggering further investigations, to enforcing remedial actions. Derivation methods of SVs have scientific and political bases; they also differ from country to country, and SVs numerical values vary consequently. In relation to the common market and common environmental policies in Europe, this variability has raised concern among both regulators and risk assessors. As reported in the Soil Thematic Strategy discussion documents (Van Camp et al., 2004), a further alignment of European SVs derivation methods is generally supported. To what extent this can be done and the possible drawbacks are still matter for discussion. The idea of a toolbox approach, which addresses the harmonization of specific building blocks of SVs derivation procedures while giving wide room for national diversities, was al- ready discussed and encountered significant favor in an expert meeting in Ispra in February 2005 (Carlon, 2005). Nevertheless, it was also clear at that time that a detailed analysis of commonalities and differences among European national ap- proaches, essential for the evaluation of the technical feasibility of harmonization, was lacking. In particular, besides the identification of differences, a further insight was necessary on the reasons for the differences. Based on this consideration, the idea of the present review was launched.

Objectives

The present review analyses the bases of screening values used in EU Member States and initiated a discussion on the reasons for their differences. Specific objec- tives of the review were the following: to describe the state of the art of SVs derivation methods and their applica- tion in Europe, to assess commonalities and main differences among national methods, to gain a further insight in reasons of differences, to identify opportunities for harmonization. The work focused on soil contamination, but also investigated the relation between the soil and groundwater SVs.quotesdbs_dbs29.pdfusesText_35

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