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RUDE AWAKENINGS:

THE CHILD IN TRAUMA NARRATIVES OF THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR

A Dissertation

Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School

of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Doctor of Philosophy

by

Emily Burt Eaton

May 2013

© 2013 Emily Burt Eaton

RUDE AWAKENINGS:

THE CHILD IN TRAUMA NARRATIVES OF THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR

Emily Eaton, Ph. D.

Cornell University 2013

This project argues that the engagement with childhood and the notion of awakening seen in Spanish novels from the 1950s grant access into the difficulties of narrating wartime trauma as it has been conceptualized in modern psychoanalysis. Through close readings of novels by Juan

Goytisolo (Duelo en El Paraíso), Manuel Lamana (Los inocentes), and Ana María Matute

(Primera memoria), I demonstrate that scenes of awakening symbolize the move toward adulthood undergone by child characters on the brink of adolescence. Furthermore, I contend that the notion of awakening simultaneously acts as a textual metaphor for the process by which survivors of traumas such as the Spanish Civil War seemingly begin to psychologically experience them only in their aftermath. That is, trauma victims can be said to have metaphorically slumb belatedly. My analysissupplemented by Freudian theory and its literary applications by critics such as Cathy Caruth and Ross Chambersexplores both the enunciative and receptive limitations of trauma narration as it is presented in these novels: on the one hand, the difficulty survivors have in speaking of a violent event; and on the other, the reluctance of would-be

listeners to bear witness to a painful testimony. Moreover, I maintain that the narrative

structures of these particular texts re-enact the phenomenon of trauma for the readers, awakening us via literature to the potentially traumatic nature of historical violence. iii

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

Emily Eaton was born and raised in western New York. She loved reading from an early age, and developed a particular passion for the Spanish language and its literatures in high school. She completed her B.A. in Hispanic Studies at Vassar College before beginning her doctoral ies. iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I gratefully acknowledge the invaluable guidance provided by my Special Committee members, Patricia Keller, María Antonia Garcés, and Walter Cohen, whose mentorship made this project possible. I am equally grateful to the Department of Romance Studies staff, whose friendliness and knowledge of administrative policies seem to know no bounds. Finally, I thank my loved ones. The unwavering support offered by my friends, my partner, my brother, and above all, my parents, gave me the strength and confidence to complete this project. v

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Biographical Sketchquotesdbs_dbs44.pdfusesText_44

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