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Première partie

JOURNAL OFFICIEL

de la

République Démocratique du Congo

CABINET DU PRESIDENT DE LA REPUBLIQUE

PORTANT?PRINCIPES?FONDAMENTAUX?

RELATIFS?A?LA?PROTECTION?DE?

LÔENVIRONNEMENT?

e? 5

PRESIDENCE?DE?LA?REPUBLIQUE?

PRINCIPES?FONDAMENTAUX?RELATIFS?A?LA?

PROTECTION?DE?LÔENVIRONNEMENT?

Exposé des motifs

Les? confrences? des? Nations? Unies? sur? lÓenvironnement? tenues? respectivement? ? ‡?

Stockholm?? en? ????? et? ‡? Rio? de? Janeiro? en? ?????? avaient? conduit? ? la? Communaut??

Mus? par? la? volont? de? faire? face? aux? multiples? dfis? susviss? et? de? contribuer? ‡?

lÓenvironnement??? Parmi? les? principales? obligations? quÓimposent? ces? accords? figurent? notamment? La? lgislation? en? vigueur? tant? anachronique? en? la? matiŽre? et? par? consquent?

inapproprie?? il? sÓavŽre? indispensable? que?? conformment? ‡? lÓarticle? ???? point? ??? de? la?

cadre?destine?‡??? a? dfinir?les?grandes?orientations?en?matiŽre?de?protection?de?lÓenvironnement??? b? orienter?la?gestion?de?lÓimmense?potentiel?dont?dispose?la?Rpublique?en?ressources? naturelles?? dans? la? perspective? dÓun? dveloppement? durable? au? profit? de? sa? population??? c? ?prvenir?les?risques?et?lutter??contre?toutes?les?formes?de?pollutions?et?nuisances??? d? servir?de?socle?aux?lgislations?spcifiques?rgissant?la?conduite?des?secteurs?certes? indniables?? 6 a? le?principe?du?dveloppement?durable??? b? le?principe?dÓinformation?et?de?participation?du?public?au?processus?de?prise?des? c? le?principe?dÓaction?prventive?et?de?correction??? d? le?principe?de?prcaution??? e? le?principe?de?pollueur?payeur??? f? le?principe?de?coopration?entre?Etats?en?matiŽre?dÓenvironnement??? g? le?principe?dÓintgration??

Cette? Loi? a? le? mrite? dÓapporter? quelques? innovations? notamment? lÓobligation? dÓune?

tude? dÓimpact? environnemental? et? social?? dÓun? audit? environnemental?? dÓune? valuation?

et? dÓun? Fonds? dÓintervention? pour? lÓenvironnement? et? le? renforcement? des? dispositions?

pnales??

Chapitre?????Du?cadre?institutionnel?

7 Loi

CHAPITRE 1

er : DES DISPOSITIONS GENERALES

Section 1

ère

: De l'objet et des définitions

Article 1

er La? prsente? Loi? fixe? les? principes? fondamentaux? relatifs? ‡? la? protection? de?

Article 2

dont? la? modification? physique?? chimique? ou? autre? peut? porter? atteinte? ‡? ??audit? environnemental??? outil? de? gestion? consistant? en? une? valuation? de?lÓenvironnement?? ??biotechnologie?moderne??? a? application?de?techniques?in?vitro?au?moyen?dÓacides?nucliques??y?compris?la? 8 ??conservation??? mesures? de? gestion? permettant? une? utilisation? durable? des? ressources? naturelles? et? des? cosystŽmes? forestiers?? y? compris? leur? protection?? toute? substance? solide?? liquide? ou? gazeux?? matriau? ou? produit? ou?? plus? activits?mdicales??? ??dchets? dangereux??? dchets? ou? substances? qui?? par? leur? nature? dangereuse?? toxique?? radioactive?? ractive?? explosive?? inflammable?? biologique?ou? bactrienne?? appartiennent? ‡? lÓune? des? catgories? dfinies? comme? telles? par? des? mesures? ???dchets? industriels??? dchets? de? quelque? nature? que? ce? soit?? provenant? du? ???dchets? domestiques??? dchets?de?toutes? sortes? provenant? des? mnages?? des? ???diversit? biologique??? variabilit? des? organismes? vivants? de? toute? origine?? y? forment?une?unit?fonctionnelle??? ???effluent??? rejet? liquide? ou? gazeux? d?origine? domestique?? agricole?? industrielle? ou? artisanale?? trait? ou? non?? dvers? directement? ou? indirectement? dans? l?environnement??? le?sol???? 9 biologiques? et? gochimiques? auxquels? ils? participent?? ainsi? que? des? facteurs? ???rosion??? ensemble? des? actions? de? lÓhomme?? des? eaux? et? des? agents? ???tude? dÔimpact? environnemental?et? social??? processus? systmatique?

dÓidentification?? de? prvision?? dӍvaluation? et? de? rduction? des? effets? physiques??

cologiques?? esthtiques?? sociaux? pralable? ‡? la? ralisation? de? projet?

dÓamnagement?? dÓouvrage?? dӍquipement?? dÓinstallation? ou? dÓimplantation? dÓune?

???valuation? environnementale??? examen? systmatique? des? facteurs? affectation?? susceptible? dÓentrainer? des? nuisances? et? de? porter? atteinte? ‡? ???monument??? Íuvre? architecturale?? de? sculpture? ou? de? peinture?? lments? ou? de?la?science????

???nuisances??? lments? prjudiciables? ‡? la? sant? ou? ‡? lÓenvironnement?? Elles?

10 gŽnes? ainsi? que? des? entits? gntiques? sous? forme? de? squences? d?acide?

dsoxyribonuclique? ?ADN??? dont? le? matriel? gntique? rsulte? des? techniques?

biotechnologiques?modernes??? dÓordre?esthtique??? ???plan? de? gestion? environnementale? et? sociale??? cahier? des? charges? sur?lÓenvironnement???? une?pollution??? organisme?vivant?? nationale? comptente? ? ou? tout?rapport? par? lequel?une? Partie? informe? les? autres?

Íuvre?du?plan?dÓurgence????

???ressources? biologiques??? ressources? gntiques?? organismes? ou? lments? de? ceux?ci?? populations? ou? tout? autre?lment? biotique?des? cosystŽmes? ayant?une? 11 industriel?ou?de?pollution??? terme?? et? sauvegardent? ainsi? leur? potentiel? pour? satisfaire? les? besoins? et? les?

Section 2 : Des obligations

Article 3

principe?de?dveloppement?durable??? sa?qualit??

Article 4

Article 5

Un? dcret? dlibr? en? Conseil? des? ministres? en? fixe? la? nature? et? les? conditions?

dӍligibilit??

Article 6

lӍlaboration? des? plans? dÓamnagement? ? du? territoire? ou? dÓurbanisme?? les? impratifs? de?

12

Section 3 : Des principes fondamentaux

Article 7

de? maniŽre? ‡? rpondre? quitablement? aux? besoins? de? dveloppement? des? gnrations?

prsentes? sans? compromettre? la? capacit? des? gnrations? futures? ‡? rpondre? ‡? leurs?

propres?besoins??? principe???

Article 8

relatives? ‡? lÓenvironnement?? y?compris? celles? relatives? aux? substances? et? activits?

cas??

Article 9

Le? public? participe? au? processus? dӍlaboration? par? des? autorits? publiques? des?

politiques?? programmes?? plans? et? rŽglements? relatifs? ‡? lÓenvironnement? dans? un? cadre?

13

Article 10

de? correction?? par? priorit?‡? la? source?? des? atteintes? ‡?lÓenvironnement? en? utilisant? les?

Article 11

proportionnes? visant? ‡? prvenir? un? risque? de? dommages? graves? et? irrversibles? ‡?

lÓenvironnement??

Article 12

Les? cots? rsultant? des? mesures? de? prvention?? de? lutte? contre? la? pollution? et? la?

le?pollueur??

Article 13

Article 14

mise? en? Íuvre? des? plans? et? programmes? sectoriels? intŽgrent? les? normes? en? matiŽre?

14

CHAPITRE 2 : DU CADRE INSTITUTIONNEL

Article 15

Article 16

La? province? labore? son? programme? en? matiŽre? de? gestion? et? de? protection? de?

Article 17

Le? Gouvernement? met? en? place? un? Conseil? national? de? lÓenvironnement?et? du? a? la? dfinition? et? la? mise? en? Íuvre?? de? ? la? politique? nationale? en? matiŽre? dÓenvironnement?? b? lӍlaboration?des?plans?et?programmes?sectoriels?en?matiŽre?dÓenvironnement?ou? fonctionnement??

Article 18

Sans? prjudice? des? autres? attributions? que? lui? confŽrent? des? textes? particuliers?? le?

ministŽre? en? charge? de? lÓenvironnement? met? en? Íuvre?? en? collaboration? avec? dÓautres?

ministŽres? et? organismes? publics? et? privs?? la? politique? du? Gouvernement? en? matiŽre?

dÓenvironnement? et? de? dveloppement? durable?? Il? assure? la? coordination? des? politiques?

CHAPITRE 3 : DES MECANISMES PROCEDURAUX

Section 1

ère

: De l'évaluation environnementale des politiques, plans et programmes

Article 19

dcentralise? ou? un? tablissement? public? dont? la? ralisation? est? susceptible? dÓavoir? des?

15

incidences? notables? sur? lÓenvironnement? fait? lÓobjet? d?une? valuation? environnementale?

pralable??? Sur? proposition? du? ministre? ayant? lÓenvironnement? dans? ses? attributions?? un? dcret? contenu??

Article 20

LӍvaluation? environnementale? des? politiques?? plans? et? programmes? labors? et?? Section 2 : De l'étude d'impact environnemental et social

Article 21

Tout? projet? de? dveloppement?? dÓinfrastructures? ou? dÓexploitation? de? toute? activit?

industrielle?? commerciale?? agricole?? forestiŽre?? miniŽre?? de? tlcommunication? ou? autre?

susceptible? dÓavoir? un? impact? sur? lÓenvironnement? est? assujetti? ‡? une? tude? dÓimpact?

Article 22

Section 3 : De l'audit environnemental

Article 23

la?population??? lÓenvironnement?? 16 er

Section 4 : De l'enquête publique

Article 24

Tout? projet? ou? toute?activit? susceptible?dÓavoir? un? impact? sur? lÓenvironnement? ? est?

a? dÓinformer?le?public?en?gnral?et?la?population??locale?en?particulier?sur?le?projet?ou?

lÓactivit??? b? de?recueillir?les?informations?sur?la?nature?et?lӍtendue?des?droits?que?pourraient? c? collecter?les?apprciations??suggestions?et?contre?propositions???afin?de?permettre?‡?

CHAPITRE 4 : DES MECANISMES DE FINANCEMENT

Article 25

de? lutte? contre? la? pollution? ainsi? que? de? rhabilitation? et? de? restauration? des? sites? ou?

paysages?pollus?ou?dgrads???

Article 26

a? les?prestations?environnementales??? b? la?rmunration?des?services?environnementaux?? c? les?subventions?budgtaires?de?lÓEtat??? 17 d? les? ressources? provenant? des? mcanismes? de? financement? des? accords? e? ?les?appuis?financiers?et?budgtaires?assurs?par?les?partenaires?au?dveloppement??? f? ?les?dons?et?legs?? CHAPITRE 5 : DE LA GESTION ET DE LA CONSERVATION DES

RESSOURCES NATURELLES

Article 27

comptences? respectives?? la?conservation? et? la? gestion? durable? des? cosystŽmes?? des?

durable??

Article 28

LÓEtat?? la? province? ? et??lÓentit? ? territoriale? ? dcentralise? ? prennent? des? mesures?

Article 29

continentales?que?maritimes??

Leur? ? protection?? ? leur? mise? en? valeur? et? ? leur? utilisation? ainsi? que? la? coopration?

des?quilibres?cologiques??

Article 30

Article 31

dÓamnagement?? 18

Article 32

cosystŽmes???

Article 33

Toute? activit? susceptible? de? nuire? ‡?lÓenvironnement? est? prohibe? dans? les? aires?

er

Article 34

espŽces?? des?espŽces?exotiques?envahissantes??

Article 35

LÓEtat?? la? province? et? lÓentit? territoriale? dcentralise?? dans? les? limites? de? leurs?

comptences? respectives?? procŽdent? ‡? lÓidentification? et? assurent? la? protection?? la?

Article 36

dfinies?par?la?loi?? CHAPITRE 6 : DE LA PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET DE LA LUTTE

CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS ET NUISANCES.

Section 1

ère

: Des installations classées

Article 37

des? dangers? pour? la? sant?? la? scurit?? la? salubrit? publique?? lÓenvironnement? ou? la?

conservation? des? sites? et? monuments?? soit? des? inconvnients? pour? la? commodit? du? 19

Article 38

Les? installations? ? classes? sont? pralablement? soumises? ? soit? ‡? dclaration?? soit? ‡?

cas??

Article 39

Article 40

scurit? industrielle? appropries? et? tablit? un? plan? dÓurgence? dcrivant? les? mesures?

ncessaires? pour? ma"triser? les? accidents? industriels? et? limiter? leurs? consquences? pour?

lÓenvironnement?et?la?sant??? Ce? plan? dÓurgence? est? port? ‡? la? connaissance? des? autorits? administratives?

Article 41

LÓexploitant? qui? soit? transforme? ou? modifie? une? installation? classe?? soit? change? les?

un?nouveau?permis?dÓexploitation??

Article 42

Un? dcret? dlibr? en? Conseil? des? ministres? fixe? la? liste? des? catgories? et??

20

Article 43

Article 44

Article 45

de?gestion??? Section 2 : De la protection des milieux récepteurs

Article 46

intgral?? collective??

Article 47

Les? activits? polluantes? sont? soumises? soit? au? rgime? dÓinterdiction? soit? au? rgime?

dÓautorisation?pralable??? 21

Article 48

des? gaz? ‡? effets? de? serre? et? du? contr˜le? des? substances? qui? appauvrissent? la? couche?

dÓozone?? Ils? prennent?? en? outre?? des? mesures? dÓadaptation? approprie? aux? changements? climatiques??

Article 49

mettre?en?danger?la?sant???

Les? rejets? dans? lÓeau? sont? constitus? de? tout? dversement?? effluent?? coulement??

Article 50

Un? dcret? dlibr? en? Conseil? des? ministres? fixe? les? mesures? dÓattnuation? de? la?

Article 51

assurent?une?productivit?durable??

Article 52

Est? interdite? lӍmission? de? tout? bruit? ou?odeur? dont? la? nature? ?? lÓimportance? ou? la?

22

La? province? et? lÓentit? territoriale? dcentralise? prennent?? dans? les? limites? de? leurs?

prsent?article???

Section 3 : De la gestion des produits chimiques

Article 53

Article 54

La? production?? lÓimportation? et??ou? lÓutilisation? des? produits?ou?substances?chimiques?

viss? ‡? lÓarticle? prcdent? sont? soumises? ? au? rgime? dÓinterdiction? ou? dÓautorisation?

pralable?? national?? destruction????

Article 55

Section 4 : De la gestion des déchets

Article 56

Article 57

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a? ?la?dtention??le?dp˜t?ou?lÓabandon?‡?des?endroits?non?appropris?des?dchets?de?

nuisances? et? des? dommages? ‡? lÓenvironnement?? ‡? la? sant? et? ‡? la? scurit?

publique???

b? ?lÓimmersion??lÓincinration?ou?lӍlimination??par?quelque?procd?que?ce?soit??des?

Article 58

mesures?dÓexcution???

Article 59

Article 60

dchets??

Article 61

Les? dchets? radioactifs? produits? sur? le? territoire? national?? quelle? quÓen? soit? lÓorigine??

rduits?au?strict?minimum?et?traits??transports?? stocks?et?limins?conformment?aux?

24
Section 5 : Des organismes génétiquement modifiés

Article 62

de? manipulation? et? dÓutilisation? des? organismes? gntiquement? modifis? rsultant? de? la?

biotechnologie? moderne? ou? des? mutations? alatoires? qui? peuvent? avoir? des? effets?

Toute? dcision? autorisant? les? mouvements? transfrontiers?? lÓutilisation? confine?? la?

risques??

Article 63

processus? de? prise? de? dcision? relatif? aux? mouvements? transfrontiŽres? des? organismes?

Section 6 : De la gestion des catastrophes naturelles et situations d'urgence

Article 64

er?

Article 65

Article 66

pollution?par?les?hydrocarbures??

Un? dcret? dlibr? en? Conseil? des? ministres? fixe? le? contenu? et? la? procdure? de?

25
et?internationale?en?la?matiŽre??

Article 67

er navire? battant? pavillon? national?? naviguant? dans? les? espaces? maritimes? congolais? ou?

CHAPITRE 7 : DE LA RESPONSABILITE CIVILE

Article 68

Article 69

mesures? dÓexcution? par? ses? prposs? dans? les? limites? de? ses? activits?? mais? aussi?

commission?de?lÓinfraction??

Article 70

dÓexcution?? lÓexportateur? ou? lÓimportateur? des? dchets? est? responsable? des? dommages?

26
d?avoir?connaissance?des?dommages??

CHAPITRE 8 : DES INFRACTIONS ET DES PEINES

Article 71

Article 72

Article 73

Article 74

prvu?par?la?prsente?loi???

Article 75

Article 76

27
et?de?ses?mesures?dÓexcution???

Article 77

seulement? toute? personne? ? qui? ? pollue?? dgrade? le? sol? ou? sous?sol? en? violation? des?

Article 78

Article 79

ses?mesures?dÓexcution??

Article 80

mesures?dÓexcution???

Article 81

Est? puni? dÓune?amende? de? cent? millions? ‡? deux? cent? cinquante? millions? ? de?francs?

procds? de? fabrication? entra"nant? des? dangers? ou? inconvnients? en? violation? des?

Article 82

28
maritimes?sous?juridiction?congolaise??

territoire? national? lÓimportation?? le? transit?? le? trafic? illicite? ou? lÓentreposage? de? dchets?

radioactifs??

Article 83

Quiconque? dirige? intentionnellement? une? attaque? en? sachant? quÓelle? causerait? des?

Article 84

juridiction? comptente? condamne? en? outre?? lÓauteur? dÓune? des? infractions? prvues? aux?

articles? susvises? ‡? la? rexportation? sans? dlai? des? dchets? dangereux? et?ou? ‡? la??

er ?dans?les?dlais?impartis??le?

achŽvement?? lÓinterdiction? dÓutiliser? les? installations? qui? sont? ‡? lÓorigine? de? pollutions??

dgradations?ou?nuisances?? CHAPITRE 9 : DES DISPOSITIONS TRANSITOIRES, ABROGATOIRES ET

FINALES

Article 85

Article 86

29
gestion?environnementale???

Article 87

Article 88

Article 89

Joseph?KABILA?KABANGE

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