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E n g l i s h S u p p l e m e n t a r y w o r k s h e e t : P . 6 : P a g e 1 | 8

Foreign Language Department

Demonstration School

Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University

REPORTED SPEECH

NameNoClass

Supplementary

Worksheet 2

E n g l i s h S u p p l e m e n t a r y w o r k s h e e t : P . 6 : P a g e 2 | 8

Before heading to the third conditional

What are conditionals in English grammar?

Sometimes we call them 'if clauses'. They describe the result of something that might happen (in the present or future) or might have happened but didn't (in the past). They are made using different English verb tenses.

Zero Conditional

We can make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs (one in the 'if clause' and one in the 'main clause'):

If + present simple, present simple.

This conditional is used when the result will always happen. So, if water reaches 100 degrees, it always boils. It's a fact. I'm talking in general, not about one particular situation. The result of the 'if clause' is always the main clause. The 'if' in this conditional can usually be replaced by 'when' without changing the meaning.

For example:

If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.

(It is always true, there can't be a different result sometimes).

If I eat peanuts, I am sick.

(This is true only for me, maybe, not for everyone, but it's still true that

I'm sick every time I eat peanuts)

Here are some more examples:

If people eat too much, they get fat.

If you touch a fire, you get burned.

People die if they don't eat.

You get water if you mix hydrogen and oxygen.

Snakes bite if they are scared.

If babies are hungry, they cry.

E n g l i s h S u p p l e m e n t a r y w o r k s h e e t : P . 6 : P a g e 3 | 8

The First Conditional

The first conditional has the present simple after 'if', then the future simple in the other clause:

If + present simple, will + infinitive

It's used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of course, we can't know what will happen in the future, but this describes possible things, which could easily come true.

Here are some more examples:

If it rains, I won't go to the park.

If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes.

She'll be late if the train is delayed.

She'll miss the bus if she doesn't leave soon.

If I see her, I'll tell her.

The Second Conditional

The second conditional uses the past simple after if, then 'would' and the infinitive:

If + past simple, . would + infinitive

*** We can use 'were' instead of 'was' with 'I' and 'he/she/it'. This is mostly done in formal writing. E n g l i s h S u p p l e m e n t a r y w o r k s h e e t : P . 6 : P a g e 4 | 8

How to use

First, we can use it to talk about things in the future that are probably not going to be true. Maybe I'm imagining some dream for example. If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house. (I probably won't win the lottery)

If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello.

She would travel all over the world if she were rich. She would pass the exam if she ever studied. (She never studies, so this won't happen) Second, we can use it to talk about something in the present which is impossible, because it's not true. Is that clear? Have a look at the examples: If I had his number, I would call him. (I don't have his number now, so it's impossible for me to call him). If I were you, I wouldn't go out with the stranger.

The Third Conditional

We make the third conditional by using the past perfect after 'if' and then 'would have' and the past participle in the second part of the sentence: if + past perfect, ...would + have + past participle It talks about the past. It's used to describe a situation that didn't happen, and to imagine the result of this situation. If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (but, really we know she didn't study and so she didn't pass) If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick (but I did eat a lot, and so I did feel sick). If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane She wouldn't have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier She would have become a teacher if she had gone to university He would have been on time for the interview if he had left the house at nine E n g l i s h S u p p l e m e n t a r y w o r k s h e e t : P . 6 : P a g e 5 | 8 your best on Reported Speech.

Tense Direct Speech Reported Speech

present simple I like ice cream She said (that) she liked ice cream. present continuous I am living in London She said (that) she was living in London. past simple I bought a car She said (that) she had bought a car OR She said (that) she bought a car. past continuous I was walking along the street She said (that) she had been walking along the street. present perfect I haven't seen Julie She said (that) she hadn't seen Julie. past perfect* I had taken English lessons before She said (that) she had taken English lessons before. will I'll see you later She said (that) she would see me later. would* She said (that) she would help but... can I can speak perfect English She said (that) she could speak perfect English. could* I could swim when I was four She said (that) she could swim when she was four. shall I shall come later She said (that) she would come later. should* I should call my mother She said (that) she should call her mother might* I might be late She said (that) she might be late must I must study at the weekend She said (that) she must study at the weekend OR She said she had to study at the weekend * doesn't change.

Part 1: Reported Statements (Present Simple)

Change the direct speech into reported speech. Use 'she said' at the beginning of each answer. It's the same day, so you don't need to change the time expressions.

Example: "He works in a bank."

= She said he worked in a bank.

1. "We like working in Paris."

2. "She doesn't have enough time to do everything."

E n g l i s h S u p p l e m e n t a r y w o r k s h e e t : P . 6 : P a g e 6 | 8

3. "Tony hates mushrooms."

4. "They often go on holiday in July."

5. "I live in New York."

Part 2: Reported Statements (Present Continuous)

Make the direct speech into reported speech. Use 'he told me' at the beginning of your answer. It's the same day, so you don't need to change the time expressions.

Example: "She's coming to the party."

= He told me she was coming to the party.

1. "They are visiting the museum."

2. "She's eating dinner."

3. "We aren't going to the library."

4. "I'm coming."

5. "I'm sleeping."

Part 3: Reported Statements (Past Simple)

Make reported statements. Remember, with the past simple you can change to the past perfect or keep to the past simple. In this exercise you should change to the past perfect. Start each sentence with 'he told me'. It's the same day, so you don't need to change the time expressions.

Example: "Jane left the party early."

= He told me Jane had left the party early. E n g l i s h S u p p l e m e n t a r y w o r k s h e e t : P . 6 : P a g e 7 | 8

1. "The plane left at seven."

2. "I came to London in 2004."

3. "Lucy didn't go to university."

4. "John never studied German."

5. "I went to the cinema yesterday."

Part 4: Reported Statements (Present Perfect)

Make reported speech from the direct speech. Use 'she said' at the beginning of each. It's the same day, so you don't need to change the time expressions.

Example: "She has visited Paris three times."

= She said she had visited Paris three times.

1. "Julie has never studied music."

2. "He has eaten too much chocolate."

3. "We haven't seen the new play."

4. "I haven't tried the new restaurant yet."

5. "I've never been to Brazil."

E n g l i s h S u p p l e m e n t a r y w o r k s h e e t : P . 6 : P a g e 8 | 8

Reference:

Hewings, M. 2008. Advance Grammar in Use. Cambridge University Press.

Dubai. 294 p.

Sara, B. and G. Mackie. 2007. Basic Grammar Expert. CTBS. China. 111 p. Hewings, Martin. (2005). Advanced Grammar in Use. Dubai; Oriental Press Vince, Michael. (2003). Elementary Language Practice. Malaysia; Macmillan www.trueplookpanya.com www.perfect-english-grammar.comquotesdbs_dbs1.pdfusesText_1

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