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THETRAGEDYOFHAMLET

THEWORKS

OFSHAKESPEARE

THETRAGEDYOFHAMLET

EDITEDBY

EDWARDDOWDEN

n

METHUENANDCO.

36ESSEXSTREET:STRANDLONDON

1899

957795

CONTENTS

PAGE

Introductionix

TheTragedyofHamleti

AppendixI.

The"Travelling"ofthePlayers..229

AppendixII. - SomePassagesfromtheQuartoof

1603231

AppendixIII.

Addenda235

INTRODUCTION

atrustworthytext. thattextwhicharefoundintheprimarysources - the

Quartoof1604andtheFolioof1623 - insofarasthose

Folio1623.

ThedatesofthelaterQuartosareasfollows: - Q3,

1605;Q4,1611;Q5,undated;Q6,1637.Formy

Thirdly,itgivesexplanatorynotes.Hereitis

XINTRODUCTION

26 - 38),andof"standacomma'tweentheiramities"

JonsonandShakespeare(ll.ii.210 - 214).Withtheaid

bing(II.i.25).IhavemadewhatIsupposetobenew - perhapserroneous - suggestionsasto"Takethisfrom venturedtothrowout,doubtfully,suggestions - possibly darkeningcounselwithwords - on"fishmonger"(ll.ii.

INTRODUCTIONxi

remain.

Sturlason'sProseEdda(about1230): - "TheNine

ofIrelandbytheFourMasters,undertheyear91 7 meanmad,andthatAmhlaidemaybeasynonymof

NortherntaleofHamletasweknowitfromSaxo.^

Introduction,IxivandIxviii).

xiiINTRODUCTION

JutlandunderKingRorikofDenmark.Horwendil

INTRODUCTIONxiii

Hercules.

forest - freelyrenderingSaxo'sLatin - toldthestoryof .rat!arat !"circumstancesprobablyborrowedfrom

Shakespeare.

Asearlyas1589anEnglishdramaonthesubject

author - madelongsince - wassupportedwithsub- speare'sLibra)y,vol.i. xivINTRODUCTION speaksofHamlet,punsuponthenameKyd.Wemay

SpanishTragedy - itselfaplayofrevenge(afather's

bringingtheirtidingsofDenmark.

INTRODUCTIONxv

whoarrivedinGermanyatalaterdate.^

UnderthedateJuly26,1602,wasenteredinthe

1603."TheLordChamberlain'sservantsof1602

Shakespeare'scompany - had,sincetheaccessionof

publicationofShakespeare'sHamlet. xviINTRODUCTION sure,forJamesRoberts. feebleorincoherentlines.

INTRODUCTIONxvii

TheQuartoof1603,containing2143lines,is

differfromthosefamiliartous - Poloniusishere "aBragartGentleman" ;Franciscoisknownonlyas appearingasaconfederateonHamlet'sside. b xviiiINTRODUCTION inoneoftwoways - either,astheClarendonPress followinglines:

Lookyounow,hereisyourhusband,

Toaffrightchildrenandamazetheworld:

fromtheOuarto:

INTRODUCTIONxix

WellSonneHamhtweincareofyou:butspecially

Intenderpreservationofyourhealth,

withthefollowingfromHenryV.,II.ii.12and57 - 59: -

Nowsitsthewindfair,andwewillaboard.

Andtenderpreservationofourperson.

ThegeneralstyleoftheHam/eiof1603ismuch

TheQuartoof1604iscarelesslyprintedandill

considerableomissionsintheQuartoarethree - thirteen

XXINTRODUCTION

thereasonfortheomissionseemstomeobvious - Den- thenativecountryoftheEnghshQueen. whichwereregardedasold-fashioned.

Thedurationoftheactionintheplaypresents

Griggs'sfacsimile.

INTRODUCTIONxxi

revengethemurder - itwastwomonthssincehisfather's sailedforEngland - anintervalsufficienttopermit xxiiINTRODUCTION

ThedivisionofthelastthreeActsoftheplayis

IshouldinthiseditionfollowMr.Hudson.

INTRODUCTIONxxiii

datedi577 - ofJorgenRossenkrantzandP.Guldenstern appearonthesamepageofanoldGermanalbumin condottieri." subject,xxvi. xxivINTRODUCTION workingofourminds - anequilibriumbetweenthereal truth.ButthesubtletyofSaxo'sAmleth - andwemay besurethesameistrueofKyd'sHamlet - waswhat wascaughtinthewebofhisownimaginings,and

INTRODUCTIONxxv

Kyd,itturnedoutthatsuchsubtletyoverreacheditself - whichShakespearerecognisedaswhollyright,and xxviINTRODUCTION asaveil, - forsometimesdisplayisaconcealment,as thesubtleispre-eminentlyacritic - acriticofart,a criticofhimself.

INTRODUCTIONxxvii

moreoftheantiqueRomanStoicthanaDane.For withanimpatientaversion. nature,Hamlethasinhimsomethingdangerous - awill dyingvoiceforasuccessortothethrone. xxviiiINTRODUCTION utterthenameofOphelia. hasbeenmadeoutforeitherhypothesis.

Hamletaretoact,scene,andlineasfoundinthe

GlobeShakespeare.

thepreparationofthisvolume.

THETRAGEDY

HAMLET,PRINCEOFDENMARK

Courtiers.

DRAMATISPERSONS

Claudius,KingofDenmark.

FoRTiNBRAS,FHnceofNorway.

Horatio,FriendtoHamlet.

PoLONius,LordChamberlain.

Laertes,hisSon.

voltimand,>^

Cornelius,

rosencrantz,

Guildenstern,

OSRIC,AGentleman,.

APriest.

Marcellus,I^^

T,>Officers.Bernardo,J-^

Francisco,aSoldier.

Reynaldo,ServanttoPolonius.

ACaptain.

EnglishAmbassadors.

Players.

TwoClowns,Grave-diggers.

Ophelia,DaughtertoPolonius.

ants.

GhostofHamlefsFather.

Scene:Elsinore.

THETRAGEDY

HAMLET,PRINCEOFDENMARK

ACTI

SCENEI.

Ehinore.APlatformbeforetheCastle.

Franciscoathispost.EntertohimBernardo.

Ber.Who'sthere?

Ber.Longlivetheking!

Fran.Bernardo?

Ber.He.5

Fran.Youcomemostcarefullyuponyourhour.

cisco. 3

4HAMLET[acti.

AndIamsickatheart.

Ber.Haveyouhadquietguard?

Fran.Notamousestirring.lo

Ber.Well,goodnight.

IfyoudomeetHoratioandMarcellus,

Therivalsofmywatch,bidthemmakehaste.

EnterHORATIOandMARCELLUS.

Hor.Friendstothisground.

Mar.AndliegementotheDane,i5

Fran.Giveyougoodnight.

Mar.O,farewell,honestsoldier:

Whohathrelievedyou?

Fran.Bernardohasmyplace.

Giveyougoodnight.\Exit.

Mar.Holla!Bernardo!

Ber.Say,

What,isHoratiothere?

Hor.Apieceofhim.

F,hathQ.21.Mar.]Qi,F;Hora.Q.

readingofQI.Compare"rivality"59. stateShakespeare'sintentionseemstobe ernments."cananswerjestingly.

SCI]PRINCEOFDENMARK5

Ber.Ihaveseennothing.

Mar.Horatiosays'tisbutourfantasy,

Andwillnotletbelieftakeholdofhim

ThereforeIhaveentreatedhimalong

Withustowatchtheminutesofthisnight,

Thatifagainthisapparitioncome,

Hemayapproveoureyesandspeaktoit.

Hor.Tush,tush,'twillnotappear,

Ber.Sitdownawhile;30

Andletusonceagainassailyourears.

Thataresofortifiedagainstourstory.

Whatwetwonightshaveseen.

Hor.Well,sitwedown.

AndletushearBernardospeakofthis,

Ber.Lastnightofall,35

Whenyondsamestarthat'swestwardfromthe

pole

Hadmadehiscoursetoillumethatpartofheaven

Wherenowitburns,Marcellusandmyself.

Thebellthenbeatingone,

EnterGhost,

Mar.Peace!breaktheeoff;look,whereitcomes

again!40

Ghost]Q;EntertheGhostafteroff,line40,F.

6HAMLET[acti.

Mar.Thouartascholar;speaktoit,Horatio.

Ber.Itwouldbespoketo.

Mar.Questionit,Horatio.45

Togetherwiththatfairandwarlikeform

InwhichthemajestyofburiedDenmark

Didsometimesmarch?byheavenIchargethee,

speak!

Mar.Itisoffended.

Ber.See,itstalksaway.50

Hor.Stay!speak,speak:Ichargethee,speak!

{ExitGhost.

Mar.'Tisgone,andwillnotanswer.

Ber.Hownow,Horatio?youtrembleandlookpale

Isnotthissomethingmorethanfantasy?

Whatthinkyouon't?55

Hor.BeforemyGod,Imightnotthisbelieve

Withoutthesensibleandtrueavouch

Ofmineowneyes.

Mar.Isitnotliketheking?

fion\F,SpeaketoQ.

44.harro'ws'\CompareI.v.16;to."'"

sc.i]PRINCEOFDENMARK7

Hor.Asthouarttothyself:

Suchwastheveryarmourhehadon60

WhenhetheambitiousNorwaycombated;

Sofrown'dheonce,when,inanangryparle.

HesmotethesleddedPolacksontheice.

'Tisstrange.

A'lar.Thustwicebefore,andjumpatthisdead

hour,65

Withmartialstalkhathhegonebyourwatch:

Hor.InwhatparticularthoughttoworkIknow

not

But,inthegrossandscopeofmyopinion.

Thisbodessomestrangeeruptiontoourstate.

Mar.Goodnow,sitdown,andtellme,hethat

knows,70

Whythissamestrictandmostobservantwatch

Sonightlytoilsthesubjectoftheland,

Andwhysuchdailycastofbrazencannon,

Andforeignmartforimplementsofwar

mineQ.73.why]F,withQ. rememberedandbepointedout,when 'sledded"ashavingasledorsledge, wornlater.i.e.aheavyhammer.

205:"thisgentleparle."386.

8HAMLET[acti.

Whysuchimpressofshipwrights,whosesore

task75

DoesnotdividetheSundayfromtheweek;

Whatmightbetoward,thatthissweatyhaste

Dothmakethenightjoint-labourerwiththe

day;

Whois'tthatcaninformme?

Hor.ThatcanI;

Atleastthewhispergoesso.Ourlastking,8o

Whoseimageevenbutnowappear'dtous.

Was,asyouknow,byFortinbrasofNorway,

Theretoprick'donbyamostemulatepride.

Daredtothecombat;inwhichourvaliant

Hamlet

Forsothissideofourknownworldesteem'd

him 85

Wellratifiedbylawandheraldry.

Didforfeit,withhislife,allthosehislands

Whichhestoodseizedof,totheconqueror

Againstthewhich,amoietycompetent90

Wasgagedbyourking;whichhadreturn'd

TotheinheritanceofFortinbras,

376.ofstateimportance.

83.emulate]emulous;notelse-89.seizedof]possessedof - the

whereinShakespeare.legaltermstillinuse. (Clar.Press).yours." sc.i]PRIXCEOFDENMARK9

Hadhebeenvanquisher;as,bythesamecovenant

Andcarriageofthearticledesign'd,

HisfelltoHamlet.Now,sir,youngFortin-

bras,95

Ofunimprovedmettlehotandfull.

HathintheskirtsofNorwayhereandthere

Shark'dupalistoflawlessresolutes.

Forfoodanddiet,tosomeenterprise

Thathathastomachin't;whichisnoother - ioo

Asitdothwellappearuntoourstate

Buttorecoverofus,bystronghand

Andtermscompulsative,thoseforesaidlands

Sobyhisfatherlost.Andthis,Itakeit,

Isthemainmotiveofourpreparations,105

Thesourceofthisourwatchandthechiefhead

Ofthispost-hasteandromageintheland.

gain.98.resolutes]braves.

98.Shark'dup]I'erhapsgatheredtion?

food.cargo(Skeat).

98.lawless]TheF"landless"

10HAMLET[actI.

Ber.Ithinkitbenootherbute'enso

Wellmayitsortthatthisportentousfigure

Thatwasandisthequestionofthesewars.

Hor.Amoteitistotroublethemind'seye.

Thegravesstoodtenantlessandthesheeted

dead11 5

DidsqueakandgibberintheRomanstreets:

Asstarswithtrainsoffireanddewsofblood,

Disastersinthesun;andthemoiststar,

UponwhoseinfluenceNeptune'sempirestands.

Wassickalmosttodoomsdaywitheclipse:120

Andeventhelikeprecurseoffierceevents.

Asharbingersprecedingstillthefates

Caisar'sdeath - firesintheelements.NewEng.Diet,explains"disasters" night,apalesun,whichgavelittlelight"moiststar"isthemoon - governess

SCI]PRINCEOFDENMARK11

Andprologuetotheomencomingon,

Haveheavenandearthtogetherdemonstrated

Untoourclimaturesandcountrymen.125

Re-enterGhost.

But,soft,behold!lo,whereitcomesagain!

Ifthouhastanysound,oruseofvoice,

Speaktome:

Iftherebeanygoodthingtobedone,'i30

Thatmaytotheedoeaseandgracetome,

Speaktome

Ifthouartprivytothycountry'sfate.

Which,happily,foreknowingmayavoid,

O,speak

135

Orifthouhastuphoardedinthylife

Extortedtreasureinthewombofearth,

\Thecockcrozvs. sense"climate"iscommonlyfound,armes." regions.ii.98(Clar.Press).Hudsonex- atallmanappeared,whotwice

12HAMLET[actI.

Mar.ShallIstrikeatitwithmypartisan?140

Hor.Do,ifitwillnotstand.

Ber.'Tishere

Hor.'Tishere

Mar.'Tisgone!{ExitGhost.

Wedoitwrong,beingsomajestical,

Toofferittheshowofviolence

Foritis,astheair,invulnerable,145

Andourvainblowsmaliciousmockery.

Ber.Itwasabouttospeakwhenthecockcrew.

Hor.Andthenitstartedlikeaguiltything

Uponafearfulsummons.Ihaveheard,

Thecock,thatisthetrumpettothemorn,150

Dothwithhisloftyandshrill-soundingthroat

Awakethegodofday;and,athiswarning,

Whetherinseaorfire,inearthorair,

Theextravagantanderringspirithies

Tohisconfine:andofthetruthhereini55

Thispresentobjectmadeprobation.

Afar.Itfadedonthecrowingofthecock.

Somesaythatever'gainstthatseasoncomes

WhereinourSaviour'sbirthiscelebrated,

Thebirdofdawningsingethallnightlong;160

say}Q,sayesF.160.The]Qi,F;T/u'sQ. pike."sounding";unlesstheuplifted

England'sParnassus,1600(inameant.

SCI.]PRINCEOFDENMARK13

Andthen,theysay,nospiritcanwalk

abroad;

Thenightsarewholesome;thennoplanets

strike.

Nofairytakes,norwitchhathpowerto

charm,

Sohallow'dandsograciousisthetime.

Hor.SohaveIheardanddoinpartbelieveit.165

Butlook,theMorn,inrussetmantleclad.

Walkso'erthedewofyonhigheastern

hill;

Breakweourwatchup;andbymyadvice,

Letusimpartwhatwehaveseento-night

UntoyoungHamlet;for,uponmylife,170

Thisspirit,dumbtous,willspeaktohim.

Doyouconsentweshallacquainthim

withit.

Asneedfulinourloves,fittingourduty?

Mar.Let'sdo't,Ipray;andIthismorning

know

Whereweshallfindhimmostconveniently.175

[Exeunt.

175.conveniently]Qi,F;convenientQ.

FumessquotesFlorio'sZ'/V/.:^*As-166.

14HAMLET[acti.

SCENEII.

ARoo7?iofStateintheCastle.

Laertes,Voltimand,Cornelius,Lords,and

Attendants.

Thememorybegreen,andthatitusbefitted

Tobearourheartsingriefandourwholeking-

dom

Tobecontractedinonebrowofwoe.

Yetsofarhathdiscretionfoughtwithnature5

Thatwewithwisestsorrowthinkonhim,

Togetherwithremembranceofourselves.

Thereforeoursometimesister,nowourqueen.

Theimperialjointressofthiswarlikestate.

Havewe,as'twerewithadefeatedjoy,

10

Withoneauspiciousandonedroppingeye.

Inequalscaleweighingdelightanddole,

Takentowife:norhavewehereinbarr'd

Yourbetterwisdoms,whichhavefreelygonei5

Withthisaffairalong:forall,ourthanks.

,..one]¥,ail...aQ. sessor.Hudson:heiress - "thePoet"hisunkindnessmaydefeatmy hereinfollowsthehistory,whichlife." sen]PRINCEOFDENMARK15

Nowfollowsthatyouknow:youngFortinbras,

Holdingaweaksupposalofourworth,

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