[PDF] InSAR Theory What is InSAR and what

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13-09-1613-09-16

2nB:/ !j.ory

What is InSAR and what is it used for?

ESA dvan daceTvrdnrd irvdgCaSoTvArvgCausrdvRdramtftdh "*(2-5-&*$50$5090.,'978$'(%$%-29@')*4*(5 >2*2$-()@1%*A

B +*)50(-)2$'(%$*',57C1'D*2

B E0@)'(0*2

B F@')-'@$-2025'5-)$,*G01(%

B F@')-0@0.8

B ;-@$'(%$F'2$*H5,')5-0(

B :8%,0@0.8

B<0(-50,-(.$-(6,'25,1)51,*

Stereo Radar

• 2 images from different positions give 3D position • Note: different to stereo vision

Stereo Radar

Stereo Radar

What about the phase?

Electromagnetic waves have

phase as well as amplitude - can we use this?

SAR phaseSAR phase

InSAR phase

:@1>21>191@>5/ <4-?15?<4-?105221>1:/1

Radar Interferometry

](5*,6*,*()*$\'55*,( +E E

Example in 2D: interferogram

Mainly horizontal phase stripes (fringes), perturbed by ground eleva tion

Reference phase (Flat Earth Phase)

LL !H'49@*$3*6*,*()*$\7'2* Oa yav s pdtsAgCasAtHr eTvrdnrd irvdgCasAtHr

OdrnrdrTCraMn,tvaUtdvALa

sAtHr+090.,'97-)$\7'2*

Baseline dependency, height ambiguity

B = 63 m, Height of ambiguity = 145 m S S b$cJc$4=$:*-.75$06$'4G-.1-58$b$IO$4

Baseline dependency, height ambiguity

One of earliest interferograms

CottonballBasin in Death Valley (Goldstein et al., 1988) \7'2*$-2$57'5$06$)07*,*(5$214$

06$'@@$2)'55*,*,2

+*490,'@$K*)0,,*@'5-0(

K-25,-G15*%$2)'55*,*,$9-H*@$

Bp.4ΔF. pj7s. 4ontr[=ut[on

Phase of single image

InSAR phase: displacementInSAR phase: displacement

Example: Izmit, Turkey

-2@1>/;>>1/@5;:2;> >121>1:/1-:0 @;<;3>-<45/<4-?1

9<85@A01$4-?1:@1>21>;3>-9

Id bF74[.r kyn7m[4s nBv7F=7r5r Bp[ts=.r8.nc @A'650'.+&,%(,%$9%5-

The 1999 Izmit earthquake displacement field

99>-:3101/>1-?1

99>-:3101/>1-?1

99>-:3101/>1-?1

99>-:31/4-:31

99>-:3101/>1-?1

28
28

Unwrapping Phase Images

JU b.n.r7F 7ppro74j

2$::.B=,'&$'$B&5.+'3+.L3,':$=3&.$+?

One -dimensional example nxcH

2011 Tohoku Earthquake

-/4/;8;>2>5:31/9 -:0

9;B191:@>1<>1?1:@?@;C->0?

?-@1885@1 :@13>-@10<4-?1

Dike Intrusion in N. Iceland

Two Side-looking Geometries

Decomposed InSAR + GPS

/9/9 /9 /9 JV (7[n 4on5[t[on 9or [nt.r9.rom.try

Q$#,%,+/,R

'19<;>-81/;>>18-@5;:

5?@>5.A@10?/-@@1>1><5D18

Cause of coherence loss

Jg qoj.r.n4. nqompF.x qorr.F7t[onc

2.N,=:K

22)(
11 2)( 1 Jf qoj.r.n4. Foss 7s 9un4t[on o9 t[m.

O$%'8$-(5*,&'@Jed$8*',$-(5*,&'@

Coherence

Frequency band

PLCX

Effective phase center

VHFUHFPbandLbandCbandXband

qoj.r.n4. 7n5 w7v.F.n8tj

Coherence as function of wavelength

&;A>/1+1.71>

Water detection using coherence

• Water has zero coherence over short times

Tropospheric variability

Topography-correlated tropospheric

phase delay

Synthetic antenna

Physical antenna

Resolution cell

(uFt[pF. :p.rtur. 2nB:/

7gΔg7Bp.4tr7F k[v.rs[ty

$, .$)(&- (-$.$0$.3 MAI =2 l x

1# , lx

Sentinel-1 TOPS issues

T errain Observation with Progressive Scans)

Image: ESA

Effect of along-track displacement

Ground

(from above) l0,Q',%$"C1-(5 %-29@')*4*(5 "'5*@@-5*

S')DQ',%$"C1-(5

L0$?;"$)7'(.*

Phase

Sentinel-1 simulated earthquake

Pine Island Glacier

Burst overlaps

Image: ESA

Multiple aperture InSAR on burst

overlaps

Summary

quotesdbs_dbs1.pdfusesText_1

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