[PDF] LABORATORY SAFETY PLAN Lawrence University Appleton WI

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LABORATORY SAFETY PLAN

1

Lawrence University

Appleton, WI

1 Modified from Rutgers's University Chemical Hygiene Guide via internet.

Page 2 of 43

Table of Contents

I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 5

II. STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES ............................................................................................. 5

A. E

MERGENCY PROCEDURES ........................................................................................................................... 5

1. Priorities ............................................................................................................................................ 5

2. Injury First Aid ................................................................................................................................... 6

3. Fires and Explosions .......................................................................................................................... 8

4. Chemical Spills ................................................................................................................................... 9

5. Indentifying Hazardous Substances in Emergencies ......................................................................... 9

6. Reporting Accidents .......................................................................................................................... 9

7. Power Failures ................................................................................................................................... 9

B. G

ENERAL LABORATORY BEHAVIOR ............................................................................................................... 10

1. Safety Rules ..................................................................................................................................... 10

2. Additional Safety Rules for Students ............................................................................................... 11

3. Additional Safety Rules for Instructors and Supervisors ................................................................. 11

4. Rules for Custodial Workers ............................................................................................................ 12

5. Rules for Maintenance Workers ..................................................................................................... 12

C. S

AFETY SYSTEMS ...................................................................................................................................... 13

1. Personal Protective Equipment ....................................................................................................... 13

a) Eye Protection ............................................................................................................................. 13

b) Respiratory Protection ................................................................................................................ 13

c) Skin and Body Protection ............................................................................................................ 13

d) Hearing Protection ...................................................................................................................... 14

2. Fire Protection (Fire Extinguishers) ................................................................................................. 14

3. Laboratory Equipment .................................................................................................................... 15

a) Fume Hoods ................................................................................................................................ 15

b) Glove Boxes ................................................................................................................................. 16

c) Eye Washes ................................................................................................................................. 17

d) Safety Showers ............................................................................................................................ 17

e) Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters ............................................................................................... 17

f) Spill Containment ........................................................................................................................ 17

D. P

REPARING FOR LABORATORY WORK ........................................................................................................... 17

1. Chemicals ........................................................................................................................................ 18

2. Equipment ....................................................................................................................................... 18

3. Written Procedures ......................................................................................................................... 18

E. G

ENERAL LABORATORY EQUIPMENT SETUP ................................................................................................... 18

1. Preparing the Workspace ............................................................................................................... 18

2. Glassware ........................................................................................................................................ 19

3. Sharps .............................................................................................................................................. 20

4. Microbiological Techniques ............................................................................................................ 21

5. Electricity ......................................................................................................................................... 21

6. Vacuum Operations ........................................................................................................................ 22

a) Shielding ...................................................................................................................................... 22

b) Vacuum Desiccators .................................................................................................................... 22

c) Water Aspirators for Vacuum ..................................................................................................... 22

Page 3 of 43 d) Vacuum Pumps ........................................................................................................................... 22

e) Vacuum-Manifold and Schlenk Line Safety ................................................................................ 22

7. Pressure Operations ........................................................................................................................ 24

8. Heating ............................................................................................................................................ 24

a) Open Flame ................................................................................................................................. 24

b) Hot Plates .................................................................................................................................... 25

c) Open Flame ................................................................................................................................. 25

d) Sand Baths ................................................................................................................................... 25

e) Temperature Control .................................................................................................................. 25

9. Cooling ............................................................................................................................................ 26

a) Flowing Water ............................................................................................................................. 26

b) Cooling Baths .............................................................................................................................. 26

c) Cryogenics ................................................................................................................................... 26

10. Compressed Gases .......................................................................................................................... 27

a) Use .............................................................................................................................................. 27

b) Used Cylinders ............................................................................................................................ 28

c) Leaking Cylinders ........................................................................................................................ 28

d) Transportation ............................................................................................................................ 29

e) Storage ........................................................................................................................................ 29

11. Laser Safety ..................................................................................................................................... 29

F. H

ANDLING CHEMICALS .............................................................................................................................. 31

1. Personal Contact ............................................................................................................................. 31

2. Handling Containers ........................................................................................................................ 31

3. Pouring ............................................................................................................................................ 32

4. Pipetting .......................................................................................................................................... 32

5. Storage ............................................................................................................................................ 32

a) Refrigerators ............................................................................................................................... 33

b) Storage of Flammable Chemicals - Containers .......................................................................... 33

c) Flammable Storage Cabinets ...................................................................................................... 34

d) Storage of Acids .......................................................................................................................... 34

6. Chemical Inventories ....................................................................................................................... 35

7. Transportation ................................................................................................................................ 35

G. C

HEMICAL HAZARDS ................................................................................................................................. 35

1. Flammability ................................................................................................................................... 36

a) Flash Point ................................................................................................................................... 36

b) Ignition Temperatures ................................................................................................................ 36

c) Autoignition ................................................................................................................................ 36

d) Limits of Flammability ................................................................................................................. 36

e) Precautions with Flammable Liquids .......................................................................................... 37

f) Precautions with Flammable Gases ............................................................................................ 37

2. Explosiveness ................................................................................................................................... 37

a) Precautions ................................................................................................................................. 37

b) Personal Protection .................................................................................................................... 38

3. Toxicity ............................................................................................................................................ 38

a) Measurement.............................................................................................................................. 38

b) Acute Toxicity .............................................................................................................................. 39

Page 4 of 43 c) Chronic Toxicity ........................................................................................................................... 39

d) Animal Work with Chemicals of High Chronic Toxicity ............................................................... 40

e) Precautions ................................................................................................................................. 40

4. Corrosives ........................................................................................................................................ 41

a) Liquid Corrosives ......................................................................................................................... 41

b) Solid Corrosives ........................................................................................................................... 41

c) Gaseous Corrosives ..................................................................................................................... 41

5. Impurities and Combinations .......................................................................................................... 41

H. C

LEANUP AND WASTE DISPOSAL ................................................................................................................. 42

1. Cleanup ........................................................................................................................................... 42

2. Waste Disposal ................................................................................................................................ 42

a) Laboratory Glass ......................................................................................................................... 42

b) Chemical Disposal ....................................................................................................................... 42

c) Pathogen Disposal ....................................................................................................................... 43

Page 5 of 43

I. Introduction

Lawrence University is concerned for your safety, and is sincere in its efforts to help you avoid injuries which may be caused by hazardous chemicals due to unsafe lab practices or conditions. This Laboratory Safety Plan (LSP) has been developed and implemented to ensure that you have the information and training necessary to work with hazardous chemicals safely, and that your laboratory environment remains a safe place to work. We believe this plan meets the requirements of the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations 1910.1450(e). The Laboratory Standard requires that this Laboratory Safety Plan b e capable of protections employees from health hazards associated with chemicals in the laboratory and that it keeps exposures below occupational exposure limits. At Lawrence University, these occupational exposure limits include either Threshold Limit Values (TLVs), which are established by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) or Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) promulgated by Federal OSHA, whichever is LOWER. The Laboratory Safety Plan must be readily available to all laboratory employees. A hazardous chemical is a chemical for which there is statistically significant evidence that acute or chronic health effects may occur in exposed employees or a chemical which poses a physical hazard. The term "health hazard" includes chemicals which are carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxin, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, agents which act on the hematopoietic systems and agents which damage the lungs, skin, eyes or mucous membranes. The term "physical hazard" includes chemicals which are flammable, gases under pressure, oxidizers, pyrophoric, organic peroxides or reactive. The following designates responsibility for implementation of the Laboratory Safety Plan at

Lawrence University:

*LABORATORY WORKER/STUDENT

Follows safe work practices, attends required

training and is familiar with the LSP *LABORATORY SUPEREVISOR/PROFESSOR

Assures that all employees/students in

the lab follow safe work practices, provides necessary hands-on training, ensures the LSP is available to all occupants of the lab, and provides "prior approval" when necessary. *CHEMICAL HYGIENE COMMITTEE

Implements the LSP, provides guidance on safe

laboratory procedures, and assists in the periodic review and updates of the LSP. Members of this committee shall include an Associate Professor of Chemistry, the Chemistry Laboratory Supervisor, the Biology Laboratory Supervisor, and the Safety Director, who represent the Vice President for Business Affairs who has overall responsibility for the plan. *UNIVERSITY SAFETY COMMITTEE

Reviews and approves University policy on

safety

II. STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES

A. Emergency Procedures

1.

Priorities

An emergency is any event that requires an immediate stop in work and the following of a special procedure to protect life, health, and property Page 6 of 43 The best time to know what to do in an emergency is before, not after, it happens. The best time to read the LSP, then, is at your leisure - before the fire begins, and before the chemical is spilled. Though no single plan can possibly cover the range and combination of events that can constitute an emergency, it is the hope that careful reading of the following emergency procedures will help you being the planning process that will best fit your situation. Your experimental protocols or written procedures must always include safety measures, and at times may need to include specific emergency procedures. In any case, all such emergency procedures will need to be practiced and reviewed periodically. Most emergences will be small, consisting of a single unexpected event. More serious emergencies involve a series of events which stem from an initial incident, expanding in unfortunate sequence. Under any circumstances, decisions may have to be made quickly, often without adequate information, in a context that may have no precedent. Use the best and calmest judgment you have, and try to stay within the following general priorities: a) LEAVE the area of danger. This is of paramount importance to enable rescuers to do what is necessary to sustain life. If the area includes other people's work space, make sure they leave, too. If you can safely turn off equipment as you go, do so

b) CALL the campus emergency number from the nearest safe area. Calling takes precedence over everything except evacuation in all emergencies. This also applies for seemingly minor emergencies; it is far better to make an occasional unnecessary

call than to fail to call and needlessly endanger life or health. For ALL emergencies call Campus Security at x6999 or 920 -832-6999. Calmly state: your name, the location and nature of the emergency, whether an ambulance or firefighting equipment is needed, and hazards that might threaten persons on the scene or responding, and a phone number and location and the scene where you can be reached. After calling, stay off the phone. The only exception is in cases of poisoning, when you may need to call the National Poison Control Center: 1-800-222-1222

c) PROTECT the life and health of anyone who may be injured. The First Aid advice given in this plan is contingent on rescue equipment and qualified personnel being 2

or 3 minutes away.

After calling, do what you

can to continue to preserve life, but do no more than the necessary first aid procedures unless you are specifically trained to do so. Subsequent steps will depend on the nature of the emergency and your assessment of its severity. In each of the following situations, be sure you are in a safe place, summon help quickly, and try to protect the lives of those involved. 2.

Injury First Aid

Ideally, only people with first aid training should render first aid. In an emergency, however, untrained help may be better than none. Stay calm, do only what you must before help arrives, and follow these priorities a) REMOVE THE VICTIM FROM THE AREA OF DANGER - fire, spill, fumes, etc. if the victim is not conscious, DO NOT ENTER THE AREA and proceed immediately to step 2, "Call for help." Page 7 of 43 [NOTE: If the victim is in contact with electricity, he or she becomes "the area of danger." Avoid direct physical contact with the injured and the source of power; disconnect the power or push/pull the victim away from the circuit with a non- conductive material (board, rope, etc.)]. b) CALL FOR HELP 911. Always initiate the process to get trained medical help before you take any other extensive action. For a serious injury (very heavy bleeding, chemical in the eyes, etc.), you will often need to stabilize the situation briefly before calling. Common sense will dictate this potentially difficult decision, but in no case should calling be delayed except for the most immediate life-threatening situation. If two people are available, one can go for help while the other begins first aid. c) REESTABLISH AIRWAY for breathing, if breathing has stopped. Check for an object blocking the airway; remove it if possible. Only if there is no blockage should artificial respiration be attempted; otherwise the victim could be injured further Lift the victim's neck and tilt the head back to open the airway. Pinch the victim's nostrils and cover the mouth with yours.

Blow your breath into the victim's mouth

until you see the chest rise. Remove your mouth and let the victim exhale while you breathe in. Repeat 15 times per minute until the victim starts breathing or help arrives. DO NOT

STOP, even if you think there is no hope.

d) CONTROL BLEEDING by applying direct pressure to the wound, using a clean cloth or yo ur hand. If possible, elevate the injured area above the heart. Keep the victim warm and lying down. Never use a tourniquet except for amputated or crushed limbs. e) REESTABLISH CIRCULATION through cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

Only those trained

in this procedure should attempt it. Training is available through the Wellness Center. Contact the Director of Aquatics or the Director of Wellness and Recreation for information. f) Treat for CHEMICAL CONTACT If the chemical was ingested, call the campus emergency number and then the

Poison

Control Center (1

-800-222-1222). Follow their instructions. If for some reason you cannot reach professional advice , do not give the victim water, milk or anything else un less so directed by a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or other text. Do not induce vomiting if the victim complains of pain or a burning sensation in the mouth or throat, or if the ingested substance is known to be caustic, a cleaning fluid or a petroleum product. Induce vomiting only if directed to do so by Poison Control. To induce vomiting, place the victim's head below the hips, mouth down or to the side, and place a finger at the back of the victim's throat.

If the chemical was inhaled and the vic

tim is conscious, call the campus emergency number and then carry or drag the victim to fresh air. Do not let the victim walk unassisted or engage in any unnecessary activity that will increase the circulation of poison in the bloodstream. If you need to use artificial respiration, be careful you do

Page 8 of 43 not inhale the poison from the victim. If the victim is not conscious, do not enter the

area; the victim may have been overcome by gases in the area, or by lack of oxygen in the space. There have been many documented instances of would-be rescuers becoming additional victims.

If the chemical was spla

shed in the eye, immediately seek an eyewash, safety shower or spigot. The eye must be water for at least 15 minutes with the eyelids held apart to allow maximum exposure of the eyeball. While washing, check for contact lenses by looking into the eye, and by asking the victim (while contact lenses are prohibited in laboratories where chemicals are used, rules are sometimes broken). Ask the victim to remove them if possible. Otherwise, contacts may be removed under gentle water pressure. Do not attempt to remove contacts by hand or with any other object. Emergency personnel are trained to do this. Be careful not to rub the eyes. If chemicals are on the skin, follow the recommendations under the First Aid section of the MSDS. If such information is not readily available, wash the affected area with continuous clean water for 15 minutes. Remove all clothing contaminated with chemicals; be careful that the rescuer does not become contaminated as well Be aware of the possibility of inadvertent injection or unnoticed introduction of chemicals into the body. Many solids, oily liquids or water solutions can enter through cuts in the skin. In addition, many oily liq uids and oil-soluble solids will be absorbed by the skin. Keep the victim quiet and wait for medical assistance. g) Treat for SHOCK Though in appearance less dramatic than the above injuries, shock can kill just a quickly. If a person goes into severe shock , treatment for shock takes priority over all First Aid except for reestablishing airway, control of bleeding, and CPR. Symptoms of shock include paleness, cold and clammy skin, weakness, nausea/vomiting, shallow breathing, rapid pulse, cold seat, chills and shaking If possible, remove the cause of shock (e.g. control heavy bleeding). Keep the victim warm and lying down. Elevate legs if no spinal or head injuries are suspected. Keep the airway open and give non -alcoholic liquids if the victim can swallow and does not have a "belly wound." 3.

Fires and Explosions

a) LEAVE the area of danger - usually the building. When needed, use a fire extinguisher to clear a safe path, or "shoot your way out." Do not stay to fight large fires.

b) CALL the campus emergency number. The emergency number should be called, or the building alarm sounded, for all unintentional fires, without exception.

c) Be sure that others in the area of the first are notified as well, whether verbally or through the fire alarm. If you hear a fire alarm (a loud horn), immediately leave the

building, making sure others do as well.

d) On your way out, turn off equipment and move explosive materials away from possible heat, ONLY IF THERE IS SAFE TIME TO DO SO. Your leaving quickly is the HIGHEST PRIORITY.

Page 9 of 43 e) In determining the nearest safe place, be aware of the possible spread of toxic gases

and fumes, including the likely direction of spread (for example, gases heavier than air will accumulate in low places). When the Fire Department arrives, tell them which chemicals are involved.

f) If a person's clothing is on fire, he or she must not be allowed to run, as this will fan the flames and cause a more serious burn. Douse with water or wrap in a fire blanket,

coat, or whatever is available to extinguish the fire. Roll the person on the floor if necessary. After calling the emergency number, place clean, wet, ice -packed cloths on the burned areas, wrap the person warmly to avoid shock, and wait for assistance. g) The primary purpose for fire extinguishers is to "shoot your way out" in order to reach safety; fire fighting is always better done by those with the equipment and training to do it. Know in advance which type of extinguisher is appropriate for which type of fire (consult the data on the extinguisher); be sure to use thequotesdbs_dbs44.pdfusesText_44

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