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RACIAL DISCRIMINATION REFLECTED IN

TATE TAYLOR"S THE HELP MOVIE (2011):

A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH

PUBLICATION ARTICLES

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department by:

NURINDAH KHUSNUL KHOTIMAH

A 320 090 243

SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

2013
1 RACIAL DISCRIMINATION REFLECTED IN TATE TAYLOR"S THE

HELP MOVIE (2011): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH

Nurindah Khusnul Khotimah (Student)

Abdillah Nugroho (Consultant I)

Titis Setyabudi (Consultant II)

(School of Teacher Training and Education,

Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta)

nurindah90143@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The major problem of this study is how the racial discrimination reflected in The Help movie (2011) by Tate Taylor. The objective of this study is to analyze the movie based on its structural elements and to analyze the movie based on the sociological analysis. In analyzing The Help, the writer uses qualitative method and Sociological approach. The data sources consist of primary data and secondary data sources. The primary data source is The Help movie and the secondary data sources are books or any information related to racial discrimination. The method of the data collection is library research. The technique of data analysis is descriptive analysis. The outcome of the study is shown in the following conclusions. First, based on the structural analysis of the movie, it shows that Taylor wants to express his idea about difference rule between white and black skin. Second, based on Sociological Approach, the conclusion is that there is racial discrimination in the Tate Taylor"s The Help movie. Taylor shows that the racial discrimination is shown by the white women who become the employer of the black women who become the maid. The maids get many differences of the facilities from their employers. Key words: Racial Discrimination, The Help Movie, Sociological Approach 2

A. Introduction

1. Background of the Study

Racism is the doctrine which emphasizes the importance of main characteristic of race which is used as a standard to make interaction between individual or groups (Soekanto, 1985:411). Racism is the popular problem on the country. There are many kinds of races such as in America. Usually racism is used to differentiate between white and black skins. It makes black skins live uncomfortable. One of movie that gives imagery of social lives is The Help. It is one of the most popular racial movies in America. The Help movie is an American drama film directed by Tate Taylor. It is released on August 10 th, 2011 on blu-ray disc, DVD, and digital. It represented Jackson in 1960s. The movie is adapted of Kathryn Stockett"s novel (2009) with the same name. This film has three biggest actors: Viola Davis as Aibileen Clark, Octavia Spencer as Minny Jackson and Emma Stone as Skeeter. The movie uses English language and the duration is 146 minutes. The Help became the best movie on the box office for 25 days in a row and eventually because nearly $200 million tickets were sold in the worldwide. In The Help movie, racial discrimination is shown by the white women who become the employer toward the black women who become the maid. There is the problem between black people and white people. Skeeter requires Aibileen and her friends to help her makes a book about the treatment from their employers. The book becomes best seller. The employers buy and read the book. They are very angry. In this study, the researcher uses sociological analysis. According to Swingewood and Laurenson (1972:11), "sociology is essentially the scientific, objective study of man in society, the study of social institutions and social processes". According to Swingewood and Laurenson (1972:17-

21), there are three major principles of sociology of literature: sociology of

the society, sociology of the writer, and sociology of reader. There are four reasons why the researcher is so interested in studying this movie. The First is the structural elements. The title of the movie is 3 interesting because it represents the story of the movie. Second, The Help movie has an attractive plot. The researcher wants to know more about plot in this movie. The plot makes the researcher be interested, because the story of The Help is told in detail. Third is the subject matter. The Help is a movie based on true story. The image that is based on true story makes this film more alive and has real soul. It can give the researcher and the reader more inspirations, awareness to social condition and think of problem solving to solve the social problem. The last is educational factor. It is to supply theoretical framework in the research of literature in the English Department, especially UMS. It gives positive contribution to the development of the large of knowledge and to enrich the literary study.

2. Previous Studies The study on The Help movie is first being conducted in this research

paper due to its latest publication, it is in 2011. The research researches through local and digital libraries and found none of it. Library of UNS, IAIN, UGM have reported zero call on the research of The Help movie. Thus, this study is first ever conducted at least in UMS.

3. Problem Statement Based on the phenomena mentioned above, the researcher formulates

the problem of the study is "How is the racial discrimination reflected in

The Help movie (2011)?"

4. Limitation of the Study In this research paper, the researcher focuses on describing racial

discrimination that is reflected in The Help movie (2011) using a sociological approach.

5. Objective of the Study Based on the research problems, the researcher formulates the objective

of the study are to analyze racial discrimination in Tate Taylor"s The Help movie (2011) based on structural elements and to analyze against racial discrimination in Tate Taylor"s The Help movie (2011) based on sociological analysis. 4

6. Benefit of the Study The researcher hopes that this study has the benefits that are divided

into theoretical and practical benefit, they are as follows:

a. Theoretical Benefit The researcher hopes this result can be useful as references,

contribution and additional information to the larger body of knowledge especially for the literary study on The Help movie. b. Practical Benefit The result of this research hopefully enriches the researcher"s knowledge and her experience dealing with sociological approach in deeper. Then, it can be useful input for the other researcher in analyzing

The Help movie into different approach.

B. Research Method

1. Type of the Study In doing this research, the researcher uses qualitative research because

she intends analyzing the structural element on the The Help movie and describing the racial discrimination reflected in The Help movie.

2. Object of the Study The object of this research is Tate Taylor"s The Help movie. In

conducting the research, the researcher is going to analyze it by using a sociological approach.

3. Type of the Data and the Data Source There are two types of data are Text and image. Text data in this

research is movie manuscript, which consists of words, phrases, and sentences. Image data in this research are images capturing of some actions in the movie which is related to the topic of research. There are two types of the data source namely primary data source: The Help movie released on August 10, 2011 in Jackson, Mississippi by Tate Taylor and secondary data source: the other materials taken from books or any information related to racial discrimination. 5

4. Technique of the Data Collection The steps are watching the movie repeatedly, taking notes of

important parts both primary and secondary data, arranging the data into several groups based on its theoretical category, selecting particular parts considered important and relevant for analysis and drawing conclusion and formulate its pedagogical suggestion.

5. Technique of the Data Analysis

The technique of data analysis for this movie uses descriptive qualitative method that consists of two steps: analyzing the data based on its structural elements and analyzing the data based on sociological approach. C. Research Findings and Discussion 1. Structural Elements of The Help Movie a. Narrative Elements 1) Character and Characterization a) Major Characters: (1) Aibileen

Fig 1. Aibileen

Aibileen is first major character. She was born in Chickasaw, Pledmont Plantation in 1911. She is from black people. Physically, her hair is curly and black. Her noise is pointed. she is old lady. "I was born 1911, Chickasaw County,Piedmont Plantation". (movie script, 00:01:23) Socialy, She is a kind woman. She helps Skeeter make a book because she wants to make her community get same treatment as white people. 6 Her friend : Now, uh... this is an important time in our community. And we have to thank you for what you have done. Now...We know you couldn"t put your name in here, so we all signed our own.

Aibileen : Thank you.

Her friend : Come on, now. Come on.

(movie script, 02:10:05 until 02:10:35) (2) Minny

Fig.2. Minny

She was born in Belzoni, Mississippi. Physically, her skin is black. Her hair is black and straight. Her noise is pointed. She is fat. She is Mississippi greatest chefs. She is the best friend of Aibileen. I was born in Belzoni, Mississippi, on my great-auntie"s sofa. (moie script, 00:59:31) Mentally, She is a brave woman. She defies the rules of her employer even though she should be fired. She is a maid of Mrs.Hilly"s family. Mrs.Hilly treats her unjustly. Mrs. Hiily fires Minny because she knows that Minny pees in her toilet.

Mrs. Hilly : Minny, are you in there?

Minny : Yes, ma"am.

Mrs. Hilly : And just what are you doing? Get off my toilet! You are fired, Minny Jackson! Go on!. (movie script, 00:32:32 until 00:33:11) (3) Skeeter

Fig.3. Skeeter

Socially, she is a good woman. She decides to write a book from the point of view of the maids to expose the racism . Skeeter requires Aibileen to help. She is white 7 skin but she cares with black skin. She wants to help black skin in order to get the same position with white skin. Skeeter : There"s something else I want to write about. I would need your help. I want to interview you about what it"s like to work as a maid. I"d like to do a book of interviews about working for white families. Aibileen : You know what Miss Leefolt do to me if she knew I was telling stories on her? Skeeter : I was thinking that we wouldn"t have to tell her. The other maids would have to keep it a secret, too.

Aibileen : Other maids?

Skeeter : I was hoping to get four or five. To show what it"s really like in Jackson. (movie script, 00:28:30 until

00:29:09)

b) Minor Characters: (1) Mrs. Hilly

Fig.4. Mrs. Hilly

Mrs. Hiily is an evil woman. She is beautiful and oldish. Her skin is white. Her hair is blond and curly. She is leader of white skin. She hates black skins. She thinks that black skin is lower class. She always treats her maids badly.

Mrs. Hilly : Minny, are you in there?

Minny : Yes, ma"am.

Mrs. Hilly : And just what are you doing? Get off my toilet! You are fired, Minny Jackson! Go on!. (movie script, 00:32:32 until 00:33:11) (2) Elizabeth

Fig.5. Elizabeth

Elizabeth is the employer of Aibileen. She is beautiful and middle age women. Her skin is white. Her hair is blond and straight. She is good and stolid. She has a baby named 8 Mae Mobley but she never cares with her baby. She is busy with her career. She trusts that Aibileen can care her daughter well. Elizabeth : Aibileen, bridge club is in an hour. Did you finish the chicken salad? Yes. Oh, and

Hilly"s deviled eggs. No paprika. Does this

dress look homemade?

Aibileen : I reckon when you finish it won"t.

Elizabeth : Well, thank you.

Aibileen : Miss Leefolt still don"t pick Baby Girl up but once a day. The birthing blues got hold of Miss Leefolt pretty hard. I done seen it happen plenty of times, once babies start having their own babies. And the young white ladies of Jackson. Oh Lord, were they having babies. (movie script, 00:03:37 until 00:04:24) (3) Celia

Fig.6. Celia

Celia is the second employer of Minny. She is beautiful women. Her skin is white. Her hair is blond and curly. She is middle age women. She is so friendly and cheerful. Celia treats Minny well because she cannot cook. She learns cooking from Minny. But she is knavish to her husband that

Minny becomes her maid.

Celia : Aibileen said you"d be on time. I"m Celia Rae Foote.

Minny : I"m Minny Jackson.

Celia : You, uh... cooking something? One of those upside down cakes from a magazine. It ain"t working out too good. Come on, let"s get you a cold Coca-Cola.

Come on. This here is the kitchen.

Minny : What in the hell?

Celia : I guess I got some learning to do.

Minny : You sure do.(script movie, 00:49:44 until 00: 50:29) 9

2) Setting a) Setting of Place

The setting of place is the place where the actions most take place. It is taken in Jackson, Mississippi. (1) The Jackson Journal It is the publisher of the book about racism that becomes controversy between white skin and black skin.

Fig.7. The Jackson Journal

(2) Hiily"s Home It is the place of Christmas celebration. There are many people who come in the party. The event is glorious.

Fig.8. Mrs Hilly"s Home

(3) The Meeting Room of Black Skin It is the place of black skin for meeting and the place where Aibileen gets an award from her community.

Fig.9. The Meeting Room of Black People

b) Setting of Time The Help movie is set during 20 th century. The first action is taken at 1960s. 10

3) Plot It is divided into four parts, namely exposition, complication,

climax, and resolution. a) Exposition In this movie, the exposition is when Skeeter decides to write a book from the point of view of the maids to expose the racism.

Skeeter requires Aibileen to help.

b) Complication The complication of this movie is when Aibileen does not help her because she is afraid of being scolded her friends and losing from her job. Because she wants to raise the degree of her community, she wants to help Skeeter. She invites her friends. Her friends are afraid but she persuades her friends. c) Climax The climax of this movie is when the maids tell about the treatment from their employers. Their story becomes a book. The employers buy and read the book. They are very angry after reading the book because the book tells about the treatment from their employers. After the Christmas Celebration, Hilly hatches a planning to get vrid of Aibileen as Leefolt"s maid by falsely accusing her of stealing silver. Aibileen is fired by her employer because she cannot prove that she does not steal. d) Resolution The resolution is the book becomes best seller and Aibileen gets an award from her community because of that book although she is fired by her employer.

4) Point of View

According to Douglass and Harnden (1996:31), point of view is the one of the most interesting and basic narrative devices available to the storyteller. The The Help movie does not the third person 11 narrator. Every plot and every event are told by dialougue among the characters.

5) Theme Theme becomes the important part in the movie. It gives color

of the movie. The theme of The Help movie is "women are equal".

b. Technical Elements 1) Mise-en-Scene Mise-en-Scene includes some aspects such as costume and

make-up, lighting, and set dressing and props. a) Costume and Make-Up In this movie there are differences costume and make-up between black people and white people. Black people just use simple dress and natural make-up, while white people use nice dress and glamour make-up. It makes white people look more beautiful than black people.

Fig.10. Costume and Make-up of the Maids

Fig.11. Costume and Make-up of the Employers

b) Lightning In film, lighter and darker area within the frame help film maker to create the overall composition of the each shot (Bordwell and Thompson, 1990:134). 12 (1) Quality

Fig.12. Hard Lighting Fig.13. Soft Lighting

(2) Direction

Fig.14. Frontal Lighting Fig.15. Side Lighting

Fig.16. Back Lighting Fig.17. Under Lighting

Fig.18. Top Lighting

(3) Source

Fig.19. Key Lighting Fig.20. Fill Lighting

(4) Color

Fig.21. Natural Color Fig.22. Dark Color

13 c) Set Dressing and Props

Set Dressing

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