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Certeau, Michel de 1984: The Practice of Everyday Life. University of California Press,

Berkeley.

Innholdsfortegnelse med hyperlinker

Innholdsfortegnelse med hyperlinker .......................................................................................... 1

Notat om layout ........................................................................................................................... 3

Forside ......................................................................................................................................... 3

Backside ...................................................................................................................................... 3

Boken starter ............................................................................................................................... 5

For-forord ................................................................................................................................ 6

Contents .................................................................................................................................. 7

Preface to the English Translation .......................................................................................... 9

General Introduction ............................................................................................................. 10

1. Consumer production .................................................................................................... 11

2. The tactics of practice ................................................................................................... 16

Part I. A Very Ordinary Culture ................................................................................................ 22

Chapter I. A Common Place: Ordinary Language ................................................................ 22

"Everyman" and "nobody" ................................................................................................ 23

Freud and the ordinary man .............................................................................................. 24

The expert and the philosopher ......................................................................................... 27

The Wittgensteinian model of ordinary language ............................................................. 29

A contemporary historicity ............................................................................................... 32

Chapter II Popular Cultures: Ordinary Language ................................................................. 34

A Brazilian "art" ................................................................................................................ 34

The proverbial enunciation ............................................................................................... 38

Logics: games, tales, and the arts of speaking .................................................................. 40

A diversionary practice: "la perruque" .............................................................................. 43

Chapter III. "Making Do": Uses and Tactics ........................................................................ 47

Use, or consumption ......................................................................................................... 48

Strategies and tactics ......................................................................................................... 51

The rhetorics of practice, ancient ruses ............................................................................. 56

Part II. Theories of the Art of Practice ...................................................................................... 59

Chapter IV. Foucault and Bourdieu ...................................................................................... 60

1. Scattered technologies: Foucault .................................................................................. 60

2. "Docta ignorantia": Bourdieu ....................................................................................... 64

Chapter V. The Arts of Theory ............................................................................................. 74

Cut-out and turn-over: a recipe for theory ........................................................................ 75

The ethnologization of the "arts" ...................................................................................... 77

The tales of the unrecognized ........................................................................................... 81

An art of thinking: Kant .................................................................................................... 84

Chapter VI Story Time .......................................................................................................... 87

An art of speaking ............................................................................................................. 88

Telling "coups": Détienne ................................................................................................. 90

The art of memory and circumstances .............................................................................. 92

Stories .............................................................................................................................. 100

Part III. Spatial Practices ......................................................................................................... 102

Chapter VII. Walking in the City ........................................................................................ 102

Voyeurs or walkers ......................................................................................................... 102

1. From the concept of the city to urban practices .......................................................... 104

2. The chorus of idle footsteps ........................................................................................ 107

3. Myths: what "makes things go" .................................................................................. 112

Chapter VIII. Railway Navigation and Incarceration ......................................................... 119

Chapter IX Spatial Stories ................................................................................................... 122

"Spaces" and "places" ..................................................................................................... 124

Tours and maps ............................................................................................................... 125

Marking out boundaries .................................................................................................. 129

Delinquencies? ................................................................................................................ 135

Part IV. Uses of Language ...................................................................................................... 137

Chapter X. The Scriptural Economy ................................................................................... 137

Writing: a "modern" mythical practice ........................................................................... 139

Inscriptions of the law on the body ................................................................................. 144

From one body to another ............................................................................................... 146

Mechanisms of incarnation ............................................................................................. 148

The machinery of representation ..................................................................................... 151

"Celibate machines" ........................................................................................................ 154

Chapter XI. Quotations of Voices ....................................................................................... 157

Displaced enunciation ..................................................................................................... 159

The science of fables ....................................................................................................... 161

The sounds of the body ................................................................................................... 164

Chapter XII Reading as Poaching ....................................................................................... 166

The ideology of "informing" through books ................................................................... 167

A misunderstood activity: reading .................................................................................. 168

"Literal" meaning, a product of a social elite .................................................................. 171

An "exercise in ubiquity," that "impertinent absence" .................................................... 173

Spaces for games and tricks ............................................................................................ 174

Part V. Ways of Believing ...................................................................................................... 176

Chapter XIII. Believing and Making People Believe ......................................................... 176

The devaluation of beliefs ............................................................................................... 177

An archeology: the transits of believing ......................................................................... 179

From "spiritual"power to leftist opposition ..................................................................... 182

The establishment of the real .......................................................................................... 184

The recited society .......................................................................................................... 186

Chapter XIV. The Unnamable ............................................................................................ 187

An unthinkable practice .................................................................................................. 188

Saying and believing ....................................................................................................... 189

Writing ............................................................................................................................ 191

Therapeutic power and its double ................................................................................... 192

The mortal ....................................................................................................................... 194

Indeterminate ...................................................................................................................... 195

Stratified places ............................................................................................................... 197

Casual time ...................................................................................................................... 198

Notes ................................................................................................................................... 199

"Introduction" .................................................................................................................. 199

1. "A Common Place: Ordinary Language" .................................................................... 203

2. "Popular Cultures" ...................................................................................................... 205

3. "`Making Do: Uses and Tactics" ................................................................................. 209

4. "Foucault and Bourdieu" ............................................................................................. 211

5. "The Arts of Theory" .................................................................................................. 213

6. "Story Time" ............................................................................................................... 216

7. "Walking in the City" .................................................................................................. 217

9. "Spatial Stories" .......................................................................................................... 221

10. "The Scriptural Economy" ........................................................................................ 223

11. "Quotations of Voices" ............................................................................................. 225

12. "Reading as Poaching" .............................................................................................. 226

13. "Believing and Making People Believe" ................................................................... 229

14. "The Unnamable" ...................................................................................................... 231

Indeterminate .................................................................................................................. 231

Notat om layout

Sidetallene er øverst på sidene, og er markert med ((dobbel parentes)). De er adskilt fra den tilhørende siden med et dobbelt linjeskift, og fra den foregående med fire linjeskift.

Headinger: Boka har overskrifter på fire nivåer. I elektronisk versjon er kun tre nivåer tatt med.

Kapitlene er nivå 2. Bokens tre deler har overskrifter på nivå 1.

Noter: Boken har både sluttnoter og fotnoter. Fotnotene er satt nederst på sidene, og markert med

asterisk *. Sluttnotene er plassert i et eget kapittel, under en heading på kapittelnivå (nivå 2). Note-

kapittelet er delt i underavsnitt som tilsvarer jhvert av de andre kapitlene i boka. Underavsnittene ahr

samme navn som det tilsvarende kapittelet, men med heading på nivå 3.

HHJ 15.08.2005

Forside

Michel de Certeau

The Practice of Everyday Life

Backside

SOCIOLOGY - ANTROPOLOGY - HISTORY - LITERATURE

IN THIS INCISIVE BOOK, Michel de Certeau considers the uses to which social representation and modes of social behavior are put by individuals and groups, and describes the tactics available to the ordinary person for reclaiming autonomy from the all-pervasive forces of commerce, politics, and culture. In understanding the public meaning of ingeniously defended private meanings, de Certeau draws brilliantly on an immense theoretical literature - analytic philosophy linguistics, sociology, semiology and anthropology - to speak of an apposite use of imaginative literature. His work thus joins the most demanding and abstruse of scholarly analyses to the humblest concerns of men and women who are simply trying to survive while retaining a fundamental sense of themselves. "The Practice of Everyday Life...offers ample evidence why we should pay heed to de Certeau and why more of us have not done so. The work all but defies definition. History, sociology, economics, literature and literary criticism, philosophy, and anthropology all come within de Certeau's ken.... In studies of culture The Practice of Everyday Life marks a turning point away from the producer (writer, scientist, city planner) and the product (book, discourse, city street) to the consumer (reader, pedestrian).... In sum, de Certeau acts very much like his own ordinary hero, manipulating, elaborating, and inventing on the scientific authority that he both denies and requires." PRISCILLA P. CLARK, Journal of Modern History "Littered with insights and perceptions, any one of which could make the career of an American academic." THOMAS FLEMING, Chronicles of Culture "Former Jesuit, erudite historian, ethnologist, and member of the Freudian school of Paris, Michel de Certeau died at the beginning of 1986. The Practice of Everyday Lite... is concerned with a theme central to ongoing research in cultural anthropology, social history, and cultural studies: the theme of resistance. De Certeau develops a theoretical framework for analyzing how the `weak' make use of the `strong' and create for them-selves a sphere of autonomous action and self-determination within the constraints that are imposed on them."

MICHELE LAMONT, American Journal of Sociology

"De Certeau's book is to be praised for setting out some of the practical procedures, in which we are all implicated, that are used to invent what appears to us as our real-ity, and for finding at least some ways in which the totalitarian nature of our current systems of sense-making can be subverted." JOHN SHUTTER, New Ideas in Psychology The late MICHEL DE CERTEAU was Directeur d'Etudes at the Ecole des Ratites Etudes et Sciences Sociales in Paris and Visiting Professor of French and Comparative Literature at the

University of California, San Diego.

ISBN 0-520-23699-8

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS

BERKELEY 94720

www.ucpress.edu

Boken starter

((i))

THE PRACTICE OF EVERYDAY LIFE

((ii)) ((iii))

THE PRACTICE OF EVERYDAY LIFE

Michel de Certeau

Translated by Steven Rendall

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PR Berkeley Los Angeles London ((iv)) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley and Los Angeles, California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS, LTD. London, England Copyright © 1984 by the Regents of the University of California First Paperback Printing 1988
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Certeau, Michel de.

The practice of everyday life.

Translation of: Arts de faire.

1. Social history - Addresses, essays, lectures. 1. Title.

HN8.C4313 1984 909 83-18070 ISBN 0-520-23699-8

Printed in the United States of America 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements ofANSUNISO

Z39.48-1992 (R 1997)

(Permanence of Paper). ((v))

For-forord

To the ordinary man.

To a common hero, an ubiquitous character, walking in countless thousands on the streets. In invoking here at the outset of my narratives the absent figure who provides both their beginning and their necessity, I inquire into the desire whose impossible object he represents. What are we asking this oracle whose voice is almost indistinguishable from the rumble of history to license us, to authorize us to say, when we dedicate to him the writing that one formerly offered in praise of the gods or the inspiring muses? This anonymous hero is very ancient. He is the murmuring voice of societies. In all ages, he comes before texts. He does not expect representations. He squats now at the center of our scientific stages. The floodlights have moved away from the actors who possess proper names and social blazons, turning first toward the chorus of secondary characters, then settling on the mass of the audience. The increasingly sociological and anthropological perspective of inquiry privileges the anonymous and the everyday in which zoom lenses cut out metonymic details - parts taken for the whole. Slowly the representatives that formerly symbolized families, groups, and orders disappear from the stage they dominated during the epoch of the name. We witness the advent of the number. It comes along with democracy, the large city, administrations, cybernetics. It is a flexible and continuous mass, woven tight like a fabric with neither rips nor darned patches, a multitude of quantified heroes who lose names and faces as they become the ciphered river of the streets, a mobile language of computations and rationalities that belong to no one. ((vi)) ((vii))

Contents

Preface

General Introduction

PART I: A VERY ORDINARY CULTURE

I. A Common Place: Ordinary Language

II. Popular Cultures: Ordinary Language

III. "Making Do": Uses and Tactics

PART II: THEORIES OF THE ART OF PRACTICE

IV. Foucault and Bourdieu

V. The Arts of Theory

VI. Story Time

PART III: SPATIAL PRACTICES

VII. Walking in the City

VIII. Railway Navigation and Incarceration

IX. Spatial Stories

PART IV: Uses of Language

X. The Scriptural Economy

XI. Quotations of Voices

XII. Reading as Poaching PART V: WAYS OF BELIEVING

XIII. Believing and Making People Believe

XIV. The Unnamable

Indeterminate

Notes ((viii)) ((ix))

Preface to the English Translation

In translation, analyses that an author would fain believe universal are traced back to nothing more than the expression of local or - as it almost begins to seem - exotic experience. And yet in highlighting that which is specifically French in the daily practices that are the basis and the object of this study, publication in English only reinforces my thesis. For what I really wish to work out is a science of singularity; that is to say, a science of the relationship that links everyday pursuits to particular circumstances. And only in the local network of labor and recreation can one grasp how, within a grid of socio-economic constraints, these pursuits

unfailingly establish relational tactics (a struggle for life), artistic creations (an aesthetic), and

autonomous initiatives (an ethic). The characteristically subtle logic of these "ordinary" activities comes to light only in the details. And hence it seems to me that this analysis, as its bond to another culture is rendered more explicit, will only be assisted in leading readers to uncover for themselves, in their own situation, their own tactics, their own creations, and their own initiatives. This translation represents just one part of a series of investigations directed by the author. Another part - L'invention du quotidien, 2. Habiter, cuisiner by Luce Giard and Pierre Mayol - has already been published in French (Paris, 1980). It deals with the fundamental practices of a "fine art of dwelling," in which places are organized in a network of history and relationship, and a "fine art of cooking," in which everyday skill turns nourishment into a language of the body and the body's memories. We have here two ways to "make a world." Other, still-to-bepublished parts of The Practice of Everyday Life deal principally with "the fine art of talk" in the everyday practices of language. The first two parts of the present volume are the more theoretic. They envision the definition and the situation, in the context of current research, of the problematic common to this set of investigations. The opening chapters, therefore, can be read separately, after the ensuing more concrete analyses, as outlined in Chapter Three. ((x)) Steven Rendall has succeeded in the long and painstaking enterprise of leading this population of French experiences and expressions on its migration into the English language. He has my warm thanks, as do Luce Giard, who was "a guide for the perplexed" in the revision of the translation, and John Miles, who has kindly attended to so many details along the route. For the rest, the work may symbolize the object of my study: within the bounds imposed by another language and another culture, the art of translation smuggles in a thousand inventions which, before the author's dazzled eyes, transform his book into a new creation.

La Jolla, California 26 February 1984

((xi))

General Introduction

HIS ESSAY is part of a continuing investigation of the ways in T which users - commonly assumed to be passive and guided by established rules - operate. The point is not so much to discuss this elusive yet fundamental subject as to make such a discussion possible; that is, by means of inquiries and hypotheses, to indicate pathways for further research. This goal will be achieved if everyday practices, "ways of operating" or doing things, no longer appear as merely the obscure background of social activity, and if a body of theoretical questions, methods, categories, and perspectives, by penetrating this obscurity, make it possible to articulate them. The examination of such practices does not imply a return to individuality. The socialquotesdbs_dbs23.pdfusesText_29

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