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8051 Tutorial D.Heffernan © 2000, 2001 1

8051

TUTORIAL

Donal Heffernan

University of Limerick

May-2002

8051 Tutorial D.Heffernan © 2000, 2001 2 Blank

8051 Tutorial D.Heffernan © 2000, 2001 3

Some reference material:

Test books

+ MacKenzie Scott. The 8051 Microcontroller, Prentice Hall. 3 rd . Ed., 1999 + Yeralan and Ahluwalia. Programming and Interfacing the 8051 Microcontroller.

Addison-Wesley. 1995.

U.L. Server (Shared folder)

Go to 'Network Neighborhood', then 'Entire Network', then pick Domain 'Intel_Data_Comm' and choose the server 'Intel_Comm'. In the folder 'ET4514' you will find the required information

Web Sites

8052 tutorial information by Vault Information Services:

http://www.8052.com

Intel's site for 8051 based products:

http://developer.intel.com/design/mcs51/

Philips' site for 8051 based products:

Infineon (formerly Siemens) site for 8051 based products:

Keil development tools:

http://www.keil.com/home.htm Information on Analog Devices ADuC812 (8051/8052 compatible processor): www.analog.com/microconverter

8051 Tutorial D.Heffernan © 2000, 2001 4

CONTENTS

Chapter 1 8051 Microcomputer Overview 6

Chapter 2 A Simple Design Example 31

Chapter 3 Software Delay Routines 36

Chapter 4 Interrupts 45

Chapter 5 Timer/Counters 53

Chapter 6 The 8051 Serial Port 65

Appendix A Example Term Assignments A1

Appendix B Sample Exam Questions & Answers B1 Appendix C A Brief Introduction to Using Keil Tools C1

8051 Tutorial D.Heffernan © 2000, 2001 5

8051 Tutorial D.Heffernan © 2000, 2001 6

Chapter 1 8051 Microcomputer Overview

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Figure 1.1 shows a functional block of the internal operation of an 8051 microcomputer. The internal components of the chip are shown within the broken line box.

ADDRESS BUS (External) 16 bit

I-RAM

General Registers

STACK

Bit-addressable

SFRs etc.

Temporary

register ALU 8-bit

DATA BUS (External) 8 bit

Internal data bus

Memory Address

Register

(Uses P0 and P2) DPTR P.C.

Internal Memory

Instruction

RegisterAcc

Accumulator

B

Temporary

register

Instruction

decoder/ control logic C AC F0 RS1 RS2 OV P PSW flags

Control Lines

RD/ WR/ PSEN/

ALE/ etc.

Figure 1.1 8051 functional block diagram.

8051 Tutorial D.Heffernan © 2000, 2001 7

Figure 1.2 shows the external code memory and data memory connected to the 8051 chip. Note - part of the external code memory can be located within the chip but we will ignore this feature for now. Also, variants of the chip will allow a lot more memory devices and I/O devices to be accommodate within the chip but such enhanced features will not be considered right now. 8051

External

DATA

Memory

(RAM)External CODE

Memory

(ROM) I-RAM

ADDRESS BUS (16-bit)

DATA BUS (8-bit)

control lines

I/O ports

e.g. P1, P3 etc. 12MHz

Figure 1.2 8051 chip with external memory

8051 Tutorial D.Heffernan © 2000, 2001 8

A quick comparison with the well known Pentium processor A modern PC is powered by a Pentium processor (or equivalent), which is really a very powerful microprocessor. Where the 8051 microcontroller represents the low end of the market in terms of processing power, the Pentium processor is one of the most complex processors in the world. Figure 1.3 shows a simplified block diagram of the Pentium processor and a simple comparison between the 8051 and the Pentium is given in the table below.

PENTIUM

Chip

The Pentium's

Memory

Space

DATA BUS (64-bit)

control lines

ADDRESS BUS (32-bit)

multiple

32-bit ALUs

(Super- scalar)

1,000MHz

1 GHz.)

Figure 1.3 Simplified diagram of a Pentium processor

Simple comparison: Pentium vs. 8051

FEATURE 8051 PENTIUM COMMENT

Clock Speed 12Mhz. typical

but 60MHz. ICs available 1,000 MHz. (1GHz.) 8051 internally divides clock by 12 so for 12MHz. clock effective clock rate is just 1MHz.

Address bus 16 bits 32 bits 8051 can address 2

16 , or

64Kbytes of memory.

Pentium can address 2

32
, or

4 GigaBytes of memory.

Data bus 8 bits 64 bits Pentium's wide bus allows very fast data transfers. ALU width 8 bits 32 bits But - Pentium has multiple

32 bit ALUs - along with

floating-point units.

Applications Domestic appliances,

Peripherals, automotive

etc. Personal Computers

And other high

performance areas. Power consumption Small fraction of a watt Tens of watts Pentium runs hot as power consumption increases with frequency.

Cost of chip About 2 Euros. In

volume About 200 Euros -

Depending on spec.

8051 Tutorial D.Heffernan © 2000, 2001 9

The basic 8051 chip includes a number of peripheral I/O devices including two t Timer/Counters, 8-bit I/O ports, and a UART. The inclusion of such devices on the

8051 chip is shown in figure 1.4. These I/O devices will be described later.

ADDRESS BUS (External) 16 bit

I-RAM

General Registers

STACK

Bit-addressable

SFRs etc.

Temporary

register ALU 8-bit

DATA BUS (External) 8 bit

Internal data bus

Memory Address

Register

(Uses P0 and P2) DPTR P.C.

Internal Memory

Instruction

RegisterAcc

Accumulator

B

Temporary

register

Instruction

decoder/ control logic C AC F0 RS1 RS2 OVquotesdbs_dbs11.pdfusesText_17

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