[PDF] Gender-Biased English Language in Hip Hop Music





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    ? *hip-hop
    Se dit d'un mouvement socioculturel contestataire apparu aux États-Unis dans les années 1980 et se manifestant par des graffs, des tags, des styles de danse (smurf) et de musique (rap).
  • Qui est à l'origine du hip-hop ? En 1973, le Bronx, situé à New York, est un quartier pauvre habité par beaucoup d'Afro-américains et de latinos. Les jeunes sont souvent sans emploi et se réfugient dans la musique, notamment le funk et le disco.
International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature (IJSELL)

Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2021, PP 1-7

ISSN 2347-3126 (Print) & ISSN 2347-3134 (Online)

www.arcjournals.org

International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature (IJSELL) Page | 1

Gender-Biased English Language in Hip Hop Music

Aya Mohammed Sallam1, Ji Young Shim2*

1MA TESOL Program, English Department American University of Sharjah

2Assistant Professor Department of English American University of Sharjah PO Box 26666, Sharjah United

Arab Emirates

1. INTRODUCTION

Music is a great way to learn a foreign language. Instead of memorizing various rules of a language, language learners can be introduced to authentic expressions in a foreign language while enjoying world popular music. According to the Billboard Hot 100 chart for the week of February 2nd, 2020,

49% of music played on radio stations and streamed online is hip-hop/R&B. This prominence

emphasizes how hip-hop/R&B is the most popular music in the modern world, and the lyrics of this genre may have a great influence on English language learners around the world. However, it has

been argued that the hip-hop industry is interested in profiting from gender-biased language by

utilizing sexist remarks against women. For instance, De Leon (2007) states -Hop

industry isn't really interested in the diversity or even really the art. It's more interested in products

[1].This further suggests that listeners to this popular gender of music are unknowingly exposed to gender-biased language. Furthermore, music has a much deeper cognitive effect on how individuals behave. According to or be a strategy in the ontogenetic [2]. Because of the dominance of Hip-Hop in world music and popular culture, coupled with the status of English as a global language, there is a growing concern that English language learners may learn the profanity of the language towards either gender without realizing its far psychological effects. Then a questions arises: what is gender-biased language? The Oxford Dictionary defines a gender bias as the inclination towards or prejudice against one gender. Hence, gendered language or gender- biased language is described as a language that has a bias towards a particular sex or social gender

[3].While hip-hop music is blamed for its gender-biased language [4,5], there is very little research

done in this field and the extant studies report gendered-language biased against women only [6,7]. Thus, the present study investigates whether (a) the lyrics of hip-hop music are biased against any

specific gender (e.g., male vs. female) and also (b) whether gender-biased expressions are related to

the gender of the singer/artist.

1.1. The Present Study

1.1.1. Theoretical Framework

Judith Baxter developed the Feminist Post-Structuralist Discourse Analysis (FPDA) approach, with the focus on power dynamics between men and women. FPDA examines the way in which speakers

ABSTRACT: This study investigated gender and sexuality discourse in hip-hop by using the FPDA (Feminist

Post-Structuralist Discourse Analysis) approach. The samples were drawn from the chart of Billboard Hot

100 in February, 2020 and the lyrics of 20 contemporary hip hop music were analyzed according to two

variables: (a) the theme of gender-biased language and (b) the gender of the artist. Results of the study

indicate that gender-biased language exists in hip-hop music and both male and female artists predominantly

used much more gender-biased language against women rather than men, showing no correlation between gender-biased language against a specific gender and the gender of the language user. KEYWORDS: English as a global language, gender-biased language, hip-hop, objectification ABBREVIATIONS: FPDA Feminist Post-Structuralist Discourse Analysis, WHO World Health Organization *Corresponding Author: Ji Young Shim, Assistant Professor Department of English American University of Sharjah PO Box 26666, Sharjah United Arab Emirates

Gender-Biased English Language in Hip Hop Music

International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature (IJSELL) Page | 2

negotiate their identities, relationships and positions in the world [8]. The FPDA approach has also been used by a number of scholars in the field of gender and language. For instance, Sauntson (2011) WKHIOXLGLW\DQGPXOWLSOLFLW\RIJHQGHUHGGLVFRXUVHVHPHUJLQJIURPWKHGDWDquotesdbs_dbs44.pdfusesText_44
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