International Action Plans - ACTION PLAN FOR PRIORITY REGIONAL
the UK Government and the Breton agencies responsible for international development and trade and invest. Bretagne Development International and Bretagne
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Trade and foreign direct investment stimulate growth in the EU-12 . India and Russia. ... India also have large regional disparities their main.
Charting A New Low-Carbon Route To Development
and/or the creation of an enabling environment for investments. Box 8: Adopting Energy-efficiency and renewable energy in India through community
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31 Eki 2021 A/g General Manager Europe and Senior Trade and Investment Commissioner ... Ambassade de la RDC près de Royaume de la Grande Bretagne et de ...
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EU annual regional and local
12 Eki 2020 States Brazil and India
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9 Mar 1987 Enregistr par le Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord ... tional agreement of such investments will be conducive to the ...
Global Britain in a competitive age - The Integrated Review of
of investment in defence since the end of the Cold War. as China India and Japan and also extends to others including South Korea
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INVESTMENT IN INDIA OPPORTUNITIES & POLICY CHALLENGES CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 CHAPTER 1: THE INDIAN ECONOMY: AN OVERVIEW 7 Macro-economic Performance 7 The Fiscal Scenario and Policy Initiatives 8 Demographic Transition - Opportunities and Challenges 10 Indian Industry - Sunrise Sectors and Opportunities 10 Infrastructure: Bottlenecks and
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What are the recent developments in Indian outward foreign direct investment (OFDI)?
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How will India affect private equity?
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Are Indian firms assuming investment in foreign markets sooner?
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What is the investment intensity in India?
- Investment intensity in India continues to be strong relative to most emerging markets. Includes private-equity, venture capital, and real estate investments. Private equity includes buyouts, private investment in public equity (PIPE), expansion, turnaround, mezzanine/pre-IPO, and bridge loans.
Charting A New Low-Carbon
Route To Development
United Nations Development Programme
A Primer on Integrated Climate Change
Planning for Regional Governments
The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations, including UNDP, or its member states. Sole responsibility is taken for errors of omission or commission.Cover & Design: Krešimir Kraljević
© Copyright United Nations Development Programme, June 2009. All rights reserved. 3Table of Contents
Foreword
Executive Summary:
Charting a New Low-Carbon Route to Development
PART I:
SCALING UP EFFORTS TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE
Chapter 1:
Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change: A Shrinking Window of OpportunityChapter 2:
New Sources of Climate Change Financing
Chapter 3:
The Role of Regions, the Missing Link with Regard to Climate ChangeChapter 4:
The Need for New Decision-Making Tools
PART II:
PREPARING AN INTEGRATED TERRITORIAL CLIMATE PLAN
Chapter 5: Establishing a Partnership Framework for Integrated Climate ChangePlanning at the Regional Level
Chapter 6:
Climate Change Mitigation: Objectives, Challenges and Priorities for Local DevelopmentChapter 7:
Climate Change Adaptation: Objectives, Challenges and Priorities for Local DevelopmentChapter 8:
Policy and Financing Solutions to Implement Priority Mitigation and Adaptation ActionsANNEX:
Indicative Table of Contents of an Integrated Territorial Climate PlanBibliography9
11 2533
43
55
69
81
95
109
125
127
Table of Contents
4Charting a New Low-Carbon Route to
Development
A Primer on Integrated Climate Change Planning for RegionalGovernments
A publication undertaken at the initiative of Christophe Nuttall and Yannick Glemarec under the Territorial Approach Programme, and as a contribution to the implementation of UNDP's Climate Change Strategy. For further information on the UNDP Climate Change Strategy, please contact Veerle Vandeweerd, Director, Environment and Energy Group, UNDP.Prepared under the direction of
Yannick Glemarec
Authors
Acknowledgements:
Chapter 1: Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change - A Shrinking Window of OpportunityYannick GlemarecLee Cando
Yannick Glemarec
Lee Cando
Yannick Glemarec
Yannick Glemarec
Christophe Nuttall
Leslie Ouarzazi
Virginie Schwarz
Pradeep Kurukulasuriya
Yannick Glemarec
Alain RetiereChristophe Nuttall
Leslie Ouarzazi
Virginie SchwarzChapter 2: New Sources of Climate Change Financing Chapter 3: The Role of Regions, The Missing Link with Regard to Climate Change Chapter 4: The Need for New Decision-making Tools Chapter 5: Establishing a Partnership Framework for Integrated Climate Change Plan- ning at the Regional Level Chapter 6: Climate Change Mitigation: Objectives, Challenges and Priorities for LocalDevelopment
Chapter 7: Climate Change Adaptation: Objectives, Challenges and Priorities for LocalDevelopment
Chapter 8: Policy and Financing Solutions to Implement Priority Mitigation andAdaptation Options
UNDP and the authors gratefully acknowledge the constructive comments and suggestions made for this publication by: Yuri
Afanasiev, Luc Bas, Yamil Bonduki, Christian Guyonvarc'h, Stephane Hallegatte, Renaud Layadi and Abdoulaye Sene.
UNDP also acknowledges the lead editor, Tara Bray, and technical editors, Arundhati Kunte and Hitomi Oikawa.
5List of Acronyms
List of Acronyms
ADEME French Agency for Environment and Energy Management AERAssembly of European Regions
AIACC Assessments of Impacts and Adaptations to Climate Change BAUBusiness as usual
CBOCommunity-based Organisation
CCPSPClimate Change Pro?le and Strategy Platform
CDIACCarbon Dioxide Information Analysis Centre
CDMClean Development Mechanism
CENBIO
Centro Nacional de Referencia em Biomassa (Brazilian Reference Centre on Biomass) CERCerti?ed Emission Reduction
CFLCompact Fluorescent Lamp
CNRM Centre National des Recherches Meteorologiques (French National Centre for Meteorological Research) CPMRConference of Peripheral Maritime Regions
DRMDisaster Risk Management
DTPDowntown Transportation Plan
EDFÉlectricité de France
EEAEuropean Environmental Agency
ENCORE
Environmental Conference of the Regions of Europe
ERUEmission Reduction Unit
ESCOEnergy Service Company
FOGARForum of Global Associations of Regions
GDPGross Domestic Product
GEFGlobal Environment Facility
GHGGreenhouse Gas
HDRHuman Development Report
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICCPSIntegrated Climate Change Pro?le and Strategy
IDAInternational Development Association
IEAInternational Energy Agency
IGCCIntegrated Gasi?cation Combined Cycle Technology
IPCCIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPCC AR4
IPCC Fourth Assessment Report
IPCC SRES
IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios
IRRInternal rate of return
ITCPIntegrated Territorial Climate Plan
JIJoint Implementation
MDGMillennium Development Goal
NGONon-governmental Organisation
Nrg4SD
Network of Regional Governments for Sustainable Development ODAO?cial Development Assistance
6ODS Ozone Depleting Substances
OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development PDDProject Design Document
PIPPolicy and Investment Platform
PPMParts per million
PPPPartnership Policy Platform
RCCCCRegional Climate Change Coordination Committee
SEFISustainable Energy Finance Initiative
TCGThe Climate Group
UCLGUnited Cities and Local Governments
UNCDFUnited Nations Capital Development Fund
UNDPUnited Nations Development Programme
UNDP ART
Articulation Framework and Network
UNEPUnited Nations Environment Programme
UNFCCC
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USAID United States Agency for International Development VC/PEVenture Capital/Private Equity
VERVeri?ed Emission Reduction
WBGUGerman Advisory Council on Global Change
WGWorking Group
WRIWorld Resources InstituteList of Acronyms
7Figures, Tables & Boxes
Figures
Figure 1: Methodologies and Process for Developing an ITCPFigure 2: The 21st Century Carbon Budget
Figure 3: Halving emissions by 2050 could avoid dangerous climate changeFigure 4: Timing of Mitigation
Figure 5: Fossil Fuel Emissions: Actual vs. IPCC Scenarios Figure 6: Marginal emission reduction costs for the global energy system 2050Figure 7: Climate Change Hotspots
Figure 8: Estimated clean energy annual investment to 2030, US$ Billions Figure 9: Growth of Private Investment in Clean EnergyFigure 10: New Investment by Region (Venture Capital/Private Equity, Public Markets and Asset Finance), 2004-2007
Figure 11: Global new investment by technology type, 2007Figure 12: Location of CDM Projects
Figure 13: Growth in trading of weather derivativesFigure 14: Demand for CAT bonds
Figure 15: Examples of Innovative Financing Instruments for Adaptation Figure 16: Survey on Steps of Adaptation Taken by European Regions. Figure 17: Climate Analogues of the Future Climates of 17 European Cities by 2075 Figure 18: Methodologies and Process for Developing ITCPsFigure 19: Partnership Policy Platform
Figure 20: Climate Change Pro?le and Strategy Platform Figure 21: New Assessment Methods and Characterisation of Future ConditionsFigure 22: Financial Policy Platform
Figure 23:An illustrative Partnership Framework for the Co-Development of an ITCP Figure 24: Electricity saving potential of CFLs compared to incandescent lampsFigure 25: IPCC Emission Scenarios
Figure 26: Projected change in global temperature
Figure 27: Projected Impacts of Climate Change
Figure 28: Change in net revenues per hectare by Regions (Provinces/Districts) from a moderate change in tempera-
ture/ precipitation Figure 29: Overlap between Disaster Risk Management (DRR) and Climate Change Adaptation Figure 30: Key steps in assessing adaptation optionsFigure 31: Key data for Vulnerability Analysis
Figure 32: Climate Analogues
Figure 33: Adaptation Pro?les
Figure 34: A Review of Public Policies to promote Renewable Energies in OECD Countries and Economies in Transition
Figure 35: Sequencing Public Finance (ODA, domestic resources, etc) and Carbon Finance Figure 36: Combining Carbon Revenues and Feed-In Tari?s for Wind Energy Figure 37: Selecting the appropriate policy mix for wind energy Figure 38: UNDP's Approach to Leveraging Carbon FinanceFigure 39: Example of a Green Investment Scheme
8Tables
Table 1: Current dedicated resources for climate change in developing countries, US$ Billions Table 2: Sources of Environmental Finance for Mitigation Table 3: Sources of Environmental Finance for Adaptation Table 4: Examples of climate change mitigation areas typically in?uenced by regional authorities Table 5: Competences of Some European Regions in Climate Change Mitigation-related AreasTable 6: Key Objectives of the Three Platforms
Table 7: Examples of win-win/no regrets/urgent measures Table 8: Sources of Funds for Wind Power DevelopmentTable 9: An illustrative road map for wind energy
BoxesBox 1: Managing the trade-o?s between water supply and demand: the case of Limpopo Province (South Africa)
Box 2: Shift in Canadian climate change politics through the commitment of its Provinces Box 3: Regions in Emerging Countries De?ne Ambitious Climate PlanBox 4: The degree of devolution of land-use planning from central to regional, provincial or district level
Box 5: Regional associations advocate for the recognition of the territorial level as a relevant scale for the imple-
mentation of climate change policies.Box 6: The Lempa River Basin and Tri?nio Plan
Box 7: Working closely with the local private sector can enable the establishment of Public-Private Partnerships
and/or the creation of an enabling environment for investments Box 8: Adopting Energy-e?ciency and renewable energy in India through community participationBox 9: Aid Fragmentation in Senegalese Regions
Box 10: Enhancing the cooperation platform among municipal governments in LebanonBox 11: Cooperation through carrying out di?erent tasks at di?erent levels and by di?erent organisations
Box 12: Coordinated Regional Development in the Tangiers-Tetouan Region (Morocco) Box 13: Contribution of renewable energy and energy e?ciency to energy access: ExamplesBox 14: Impact of Fuel Price Increases on Poverty
Box 15: Examples of Economic Development through Clean Energy Options Box 16: Example of an Integrated Regional Climate Change Strategy: Sao Paolo State (Brazil)Box 17: Example of Reduction of GHG emissions from Buildings and Vehicles Managed by the Woking Borough
Council (Surrey, England)
Box 18: Example - Land?ll Methane Recovery, Bilbao (Spain)Box 19: Example of Transportation Plan Implementation, Vancouver City (British Columbia, Canada) and Brittany
Region (France)
Box 20: Example of an Awareness-Raising Initiative - Aerial Infrared Thermography in Dunkerque, Nord Pas de
Calais, France
Box 21: Example of a policy promoting the localisation of low carbon industries - Wind Energy in Spanish Regions
Box 22: Impacts of Climate Change on the Sustainable Development of Cordillera Blanca Region in the Northern
Andes in Peru
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