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Charting A New Low-Carbon

Route To Development

United Nations Development Programme

A Primer on Integrated Climate Change

Planning for Regional Governments

The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations, including UNDP, or its member states. Sole responsibility is taken for errors of omission or commission.

Cover & Design: Krešimir Kraljević

© Copyright United Nations Development Programme, June 2009. All rights reserved. 3

Table of Contents

Foreword

Executive Summary:

Charting a New Low-Carbon Route to Development

PART I:

SCALING UP EFFORTS TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE

Chapter 1:

Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change: A Shrinking Window of Opportunity

Chapter 2:

New Sources of Climate Change Financing

Chapter 3:

The Role of Regions, the Missing Link with Regard to Climate Change

Chapter 4:

The Need for New Decision-Making Tools

PART II:

PREPARING AN INTEGRATED TERRITORIAL CLIMATE PLAN

Chapter 5: Establishing a Partnership Framework for Integrated Climate Change

Planning at the Regional Level

Chapter 6:

Climate Change Mitigation: Objectives, Challenges and Priorities for Local Development

Chapter 7:

Climate Change Adaptation: Objectives, Challenges and Priorities for Local Development

Chapter 8:

Policy and Financing Solutions to Implement Priority Mitigation and Adaptation Actions

ANNEX:

Indicative Table of Contents of an Integrated Territorial Climate Plan

Bibliography9

11 25
33
43
55
69
81
95
109
125
127

Table of Contents

4

Charting a New Low-Carbon Route to

Development

A Primer on Integrated Climate Change Planning for Regional

Governments

A publication undertaken at the initiative of Christophe Nuttall and Yannick Glemarec under the Territorial Approach Programme, and as a contribution to the implementation of UNDP's Climate Change Strategy. For further information on the UNDP Climate Change Strategy, please contact Veerle Vandeweerd, Director, Environment and Energy Group, UNDP.

Prepared under the direction of

Yannick Glemarec

Authors

Acknowledgements:

Chapter 1: Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change - A Shrinking Window of OpportunityYannick Glemarec

Lee Cando

Yannick Glemarec

Lee Cando

Yannick Glemarec

Yannick Glemarec

Christophe Nuttall

Leslie Ouarzazi

Virginie Schwarz

Pradeep Kurukulasuriya

Yannick Glemarec

Alain RetiereChristophe Nuttall

Leslie Ouarzazi

Virginie SchwarzChapter 2: New Sources of Climate Change Financing Chapter 3: The Role of Regions, The Missing Link with Regard to Climate Change Chapter 4: The Need for New Decision-making Tools Chapter 5: Establishing a Partnership Framework for Integrated Climate Change Plan- ning at the Regional Level Chapter 6: Climate Change Mitigation: Objectives, Challenges and Priorities for Local

Development

Chapter 7: Climate Change Adaptation: Objectives, Challenges and Priorities for Local

Development

Chapter 8: Policy and Financing Solutions to Implement Priority Mitigation and

Adaptation Options

UNDP and the authors gratefully acknowledge the constructive comments and suggestions made for this publication by: Yuri

Afanasiev, Luc Bas, Yamil Bonduki, Christian Guyonvarc'h, Stephane Hallegatte, Renaud Layadi and Abdoulaye Sene.

UNDP also acknowledges the lead editor, Tara Bray, and technical editors, Arundhati Kunte and Hitomi Oikawa.

5

List of Acronyms

List of Acronyms

ADEME French Agency for Environment and Energy Management AER

Assembly of European Regions

AIACC Assessments of Impacts and Adaptations to Climate Change BAU

Business as usual

CBO

Community-based Organisation

CCPSP

Climate Change Pro?le and Strategy Platform

CDIAC

Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Centre

CDM

Clean Development Mechanism

CENBIO

Centro Nacional de Referencia em Biomassa (Brazilian Reference Centre on Biomass) CER

Certi?ed Emission Reduction

CFL

Compact Fluorescent Lamp

CNRM Centre National des Recherches Meteorologiques (French National Centre for Meteorological Research) CPMR

Conference of Peripheral Maritime Regions

DRM

Disaster Risk Management

DTP

Downtown Transportation Plan

EDF

Électricité de France

EEA

European Environmental Agency

ENCORE

Environmental Conference of the Regions of Europe

ERU

Emission Reduction Unit

ESCO

Energy Service Company

FOGAR

Forum of Global Associations of Regions

GDP

Gross Domestic Product

GEF

Global Environment Facility

GHG

Greenhouse Gas

HDR

Human Development Report

IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICCPS

Integrated Climate Change Pro?le and Strategy

IDA

International Development Association

IEA

International Energy Agency

IGCC

Integrated Gasi?cation Combined Cycle Technology

IPCC

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

IPCC AR4

IPCC Fourth Assessment Report

IPCC SRES

IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios

IRR

Internal rate of return

ITCP

Integrated Territorial Climate Plan

JI

Joint Implementation

MDG

Millennium Development Goal

NGO

Non-governmental Organisation

Nrg4SD

Network of Regional Governments for Sustainable Development ODA

O?cial Development Assistance

6ODS Ozone Depleting Substances

OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development PDD

Project Design Document

PIP

Policy and Investment Platform

PPM

Parts per million

PPP

Partnership Policy Platform

RCCCC

Regional Climate Change Coordination Committee

SEFI

Sustainable Energy Finance Initiative

TCG

The Climate Group

UCLG

United Cities and Local Governments

UNCDF

United Nations Capital Development Fund

UNDP

United Nations Development Programme

UNDP ART

Articulation Framework and Network

UNEP

United Nations Environment Programme

UNFCCC

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USAID United States Agency for International Development VC/PE

Venture Capital/Private Equity

VER

Veri?ed Emission Reduction

WBGU

German Advisory Council on Global Change

WG

Working Group

WRI

World Resources InstituteList of Acronyms

7Figures, Tables & Boxes

Figures

Figure 1: Methodologies and Process for Developing an ITCP

Figure 2: The 21st Century Carbon Budget

Figure 3: Halving emissions by 2050 could avoid dangerous climate change

Figure 4: Timing of Mitigation

Figure 5: Fossil Fuel Emissions: Actual vs. IPCC Scenarios Figure 6: Marginal emission reduction costs for the global energy system 2050

Figure 7: Climate Change Hotspots

Figure 8: Estimated clean energy annual investment to 2030, US$ Billions Figure 9: Growth of Private Investment in Clean Energy

Figure 10: New Investment by Region (Venture Capital/Private Equity, Public Markets and Asset Finance), 2004-2007

Figure 11: Global new investment by technology type, 2007

Figure 12: Location of CDM Projects

Figure 13: Growth in trading of weather derivatives

Figure 14: Demand for CAT bonds

Figure 15: Examples of Innovative Financing Instruments for Adaptation Figure 16: Survey on Steps of Adaptation Taken by European Regions. Figure 17: Climate Analogues of the Future Climates of 17 European Cities by 2075 Figure 18: Methodologies and Process for Developing ITCPs

Figure 19: Partnership Policy Platform

Figure 20: Climate Change Pro?le and Strategy Platform Figure 21: New Assessment Methods and Characterisation of Future Conditions

Figure 22: Financial Policy Platform

Figure 23:An illustrative Partnership Framework for the Co-Development of an ITCP Figure 24: Electricity saving potential of CFLs compared to incandescent lamps

Figure 25: IPCC Emission Scenarios

Figure 26: Projected change in global temperature

Figure 27: Projected Impacts of Climate Change

Figure 28: Change in net revenues per hectare by Regions (Provinces/Districts) from a moderate change in tempera-

ture/ precipitation Figure 29: Overlap between Disaster Risk Management (DRR) and Climate Change Adaptation Figure 30: Key steps in assessing adaptation options

Figure 31: Key data for Vulnerability Analysis

Figure 32: Climate Analogues

Figure 33: Adaptation Pro?les

Figure 34: A Review of Public Policies to promote Renewable Energies in OECD Countries and Economies in Transition

Figure 35: Sequencing Public Finance (ODA, domestic resources, etc) and Carbon Finance Figure 36: Combining Carbon Revenues and Feed-In Tari?s for Wind Energy Figure 37: Selecting the appropriate policy mix for wind energy Figure 38: UNDP's Approach to Leveraging Carbon Finance

Figure 39: Example of a Green Investment Scheme

8

Tables

Table 1: Current dedicated resources for climate change in developing countries, US$ Billions Table 2: Sources of Environmental Finance for Mitigation Table 3: Sources of Environmental Finance for Adaptation Table 4: Examples of climate change mitigation areas typically in?uenced by regional authorities Table 5: Competences of Some European Regions in Climate Change Mitigation-related Areas

Table 6: Key Objectives of the Three Platforms

Table 7: Examples of win-win/no regrets/urgent measures Table 8: Sources of Funds for Wind Power Development

Table 9: An illustrative road map for wind energy

Boxes

Box 1: Managing the trade-o?s between water supply and demand: the case of Limpopo Province (South Africa)

Box 2: Shift in Canadian climate change politics through the commitment of its Provinces Box 3: Regions in Emerging Countries De?ne Ambitious Climate Plan

Box 4: The degree of devolution of land-use planning from central to regional, provincial or district level

Box 5: Regional associations advocate for the recognition of the territorial level as a relevant scale for the imple-

mentation of climate change policies.

Box 6: The Lempa River Basin and Tri?nio Plan

Box 7: Working closely with the local private sector can enable the establishment of Public-Private Partnerships

and/or the creation of an enabling environment for investments Box 8: Adopting Energy-e?ciency and renewable energy in India through community participation

Box 9: Aid Fragmentation in Senegalese Regions

Box 10: Enhancing the cooperation platform among municipal governments in Lebanon

Box 11: Cooperation through carrying out di?erent tasks at di?erent levels and by di?erent organisations

Box 12: Coordinated Regional Development in the Tangiers-Tetouan Region (Morocco) Box 13: Contribution of renewable energy and energy e?ciency to energy access: Examples

Box 14: Impact of Fuel Price Increases on Poverty

Box 15: Examples of Economic Development through Clean Energy Options Box 16: Example of an Integrated Regional Climate Change Strategy: Sao Paolo State (Brazil)

Box 17: Example of Reduction of GHG emissions from Buildings and Vehicles Managed by the Woking Borough

Council (Surrey, England)

Box 18: Example - Land?ll Methane Recovery, Bilbao (Spain)

Box 19: Example of Transportation Plan Implementation, Vancouver City (British Columbia, Canada) and Brittany

Region (France)

Box 20: Example of an Awareness-Raising Initiative - Aerial Infrared Thermography in Dunkerque, Nord Pas de

Calais, France

Box 21: Example of a policy promoting the localisation of low carbon industries - Wind Energy in Spanish Regions

Box 22: Impacts of Climate Change on the Sustainable Development of Cordillera Blanca Region in the Northern

Andes in Peru

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