[PDF] reported-speech.pdf When we turn direct speech





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Reported speech exercises 2013

“He works in a bank”. She said. 2. “We went out last night”. She told me________________________________________________________. 3. “I'm coming!” She said 



Reported speech exercises 2013

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Reported speech exercises 2013

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reported-speech.pdf

When we turn direct speech into indirect some changes are usually necessary. R. Fernández Carmona



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https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/support-files/reported_speech_mixed_exercise_1.pdf



Direct and Indirect Narration http://engnation.blogspot.com

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Mixed Reported Speech 2 (Statements Questions

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/support-files/reported_speech_mixed_exercise_2.pdf

ENGLISH GRAMMAR Reported Speech

1

REPORTED SPEECH

DIRECT AND INDIRECT (OR REPORTED) SPEECH. INTRODUCTION There are two ways of relating what a person has said: direct and indirect. In direct speech we repeat the original speaker's edžact words͗

He said, ͞I haǀe lost my umbrella."

Remarks thus repeated are placed between inverted commas, and a comma is placed immediately before the remark. Direct speech is found in conversations in books, in plays and in quotations. In indirect speech we give the exact meaning of a remark or a speech, without necessarily using the speaker's edžact words͗

He said (that) he had lost his umbrella.

There is no comma after say in indirect speech. that can usually be omitted after say and tell + object. But

it should be kept after other verbs: complain, explain, object, point out, protest etc. Indirect speech is

normally used when conversation is reported verbally, though direct speech is sometimes here to give a

more dramatic effect. When we turn direct speech into indirect, some changes are usually necessary.

PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES: CHANGES NECESSARY

A. First and second person pronouns and possessive adjectives normally change to the third person except when the speaker is reporting his own words. (I = he, she; me = him, her; my = his, her; mine = his, hers; we = they...) She said, ͞he's my son". Î She said that he was her son. ͞I'm ill", she said. Î She said that she was ill.

B. THIS / THESE

This used in time expressions usually becomes that. She said, ͞She's coming this week". Î She said that she was coming that week. This and that used as adjectives usually change to the. He said, ͞I bought this pearl/these pearls for my mother".Î He said that he had bought the pearl/the pearls for his mother. This, these used as pronouns can become it, they/them. He came back with two kniǀes and said, ͞I found these beside the king's bed". Î He said he had found them beside the king's bed. He said, ͞We will discuss this tomorrow". Î He said that they would discuss it (the matter) the next day.

EXPRESSIONS OF TIME AND PLACE IN INDIRECT SPEECH

A. Adverbs and adverbial phrases of time change as follows:

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

today that day yesterday the day before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next day/the following day the day after tomorrow in two day's time next week/year etc. the following week/year etc. last week/year etc. the previous week/year etc. a year etc. ago a year before/the previous year 2 ͞I saw her the day before yesterday", he said. Î He said he'd seen her two days before. ͞I'll do it tomorrow", he promised. Î He promised that he would do it the next day. She said, ͞My father died a year ago". Î She said that her father had died a year before/the previous year. B. But if the speech is made and reported on the same day these time changes are not necessary:

At breakfast this morning he said, ͞I'll be ǀery busy today". Î At breakfast this

morning he said that he would be very busy today. C. here can become there but only when it is clear what place is meant: At the station he said, ͞I'll be here again tomorrow". Î He said that he'd be there again the next day.

Usually here has to be replaced by some phrase:

She said, ͞You can sit here, Tom". Î She told Tom that he could sit beside her. STATEMENTS IN INDIRECT SPEECH: TENSE CHANGES NECESSARY

A. Indirect speech can be introduced by a verb in a present tense: He says that ... This is usual when

we are: a. reporting a conversation that is still going on b. reading a letter and reporting what it says c. reading instructions and reporting them d. reporting a statement that someone makes very often, e.g. Tom says that he'll neǀer getquotesdbs_dbs3.pdfusesText_6
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