Angular 7 i
About the Tutorial. Angular 7 is an open source JavaScript framework for building web applications and apps in JavaScript html
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Angular 7
iAngular 7
ii Angular 7 is an open source JavaScript framework for building web applications and apps in JavaScript, html, and Typescript which is a superset of JavaScript. Angular provides built-in features for animation, http service, and materials which in turn have features such as auto-complete, navigation, toolbar, menus, etc. The code is written in Typescript, which compiles to JavaScript and displays the same in the browser. This tutorial is designed for software programmers who want to learn the basics of Angular7 and its programming concepts in a simple and easy manner. This tutorial will give you
enough understanding on the various functionalities of Angular 7 with suitable examples. Before proceeding with this tutorial, you should have a basic understanding of HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Typescript, and Document Object Model (DOM).Copyright 2019 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd.
All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher. We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or in this tutorial, please notify us at contact@tutorialspoint.comAngular 7
iiiAbout the Tutorial ........................................................................................................................................... ii
Audience .......................................................................................................................................................... ii
Prerequisites .................................................................................................................................................... ii
Copyright & Disclaimer .................................................................................................................................... ii
Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................... iii
1. Angular 7 - Overview ................................................................................................................................ 1
Angular Update to V7 ...................................................................................................................................... 1
Angular CLI ....................................................................................................................................................... 1
Application Performance ................................................................................................................................. 2
Angular Material and CDK ............................................................................................................................... 2
Nodejs .............................................................................................................................................................. 3
app ................................................................................................................................................................. 17
Declaration .................................................................................................................................................... 35
How to Create Custom Directives? ................................................................................................................ 56
How to Create a Custom Pipe? ...................................................................................................................... 63
Component Home ......................................................................................................................................... 67
Angular 7
ivTemplate Driven Form ................................................................................................................................... 88
Model Driven Form........................................................................................................................................ 91
Form Validation ............................................................................................................................................. 94
Why do we need Virtual Scrolling Module? ................................................................................................ 100
Menu ........................................................................................................................................................... 125
SideNav ........................................................................................................................................................ 126
Datepicker ................................................................................................................................................... 128
Testing Angular 7 Project ............................................................................................................................ 132
Buiding Angular 7 Project ............................................................................................................................ 137
Angular 7
1 Angular 7 is owned by Google and the stable release was done on 18th October 2018.This is the latest version of Angular.
Below is the list of Angular versions released so far:Version Released Date
Angular JS October 2010
Angular 2.0 Sept 2016
Angular 4.0 March 2017
Angular 5.0 November 2017
Angular 6.0 May 2018
Angular 7.0 October 2018
The release dates for the next two major upcoming versions of Angular are given below:Version Released Date
Angular 8.0 March/April 2019
Angular 9.0 September/ October 2019
Google plans to release the major Angular version every 6 months. The version released so far are backward compatible and can be updated to the newer one very easily. Let us discuss the new features added to Angular 7. Angular 7 is a major release wherein the angular core framework, Angular CLI, Angular Materials are updated. In case you are using Angular 5 or 6 and want to update to Angular7, below is the command which will update your app to the recent version of Angular:
ng update @angular/cli @angular/core While doing project setup using angular CLI, it prompts you about the built-in features available, i.e., routing and stylesheet support as shown below:1. Angular 7 - Overview
Angular 7
2 In Angular 7, there is bundle budget added in angular.json as shown below: Budgets is a feature added to Angular CLI which allows you to set limit inside your configuration to make sure your application size is within the limit set. You can set the size so that the app can be warned when the limit is crossed. The version of Angular Material/CDK is updated in Angular 7. Also there are 2 features added to CDK: virtual scrolling, and drag and drop.Virtual Scrolling
Virtual scrolling feature shows up the visible dom elements to the user, as the user scrolls, the next list is displayed. This gives faster experience as the full list is not loaded at one go and only loaded as per the visibility on the screen.Drag and Drop
You can drag and drop elements from a list and place it wherever required within the list.The new feature is very smooth and fast.
Angular 7
3 In this chapter, we will discuss the Environment Setup required for Angular 7. To installAngular 7, we require the following:
Nodejs
NpmAngular CLI
IDE for writing your code
To check if nodejs is installed on your system, type node -v in the terminal. This will help you see the version of nodejs currently installed on your system. Nodejs has to be greater than 8.x or 10.x, and npm has to be greater than 5.6 or 6.4.C:\>node ńv
v10.15.1 If it does not print anything, install nodejs on your system. To install nodejs, go to the homepage, https://nodejs.org/en/download/ of nodejs and install the package based on your OS.The homepage of nodejs is as follows:
Angular 7
4 Based on your OS, install the required package. Once nodejs is installed, npm will also get installed along with it. To check if npm is installed or not, type npm ±v in the terminal as given below. It will display the version of the npm.C:\>npm ńv
6.4.1 Angular 7 installations are very simple with the help of angular CLI. Visit the homepage https://cli.angular.io/ of angular to get the reference of the command. Type npm install ±g @angular/cli in your command prompt, to install angular cli on your system. It will take a while to install and once done you can check the version using below command: ng version It will display version details of angular - cli as well version of others packages as shown below:Angular 7
5 We are done with the installation of Angular 7. You can use any IDE of your choice, i.e., WebStorm, Atom, Visual Studio Code to start working with Angular 7. The details of the project setup are explained in the next chapter.Angular 7
6 In this chapter, we shall discuss about the Project Setup in Angular 7. To get started with the project setup, make sure you have nodejs installed. You can check the version of node in the command line using the command, node ±v, as shown below: If you do not get the version, install nodejs from their official site: https://nodejs.org/en/. Once you have nodejs installed, npm will also get installed with it. To check npm version, run npm -v in command line as shown below:Angular 7
7So we have node version 10 and npm version 6.4.1.
To install Angular 7, go to the site, https://cli.angular.io to install Angular CLI. You will see the following commands on the webpage: npm install -g @angular/cli //command to install angular 7 ng new my-dream-app // name of the project cd my-dream-app ng serveAngular 7
8 The above commands help to get the project setup in Angular 7. We will create a folder called projectA7 and install angular/cli as shown below: Once the installation is done, check the details of the packages installed by using the command ng version as shown below: It gives the version for Angular CLI, typescript version and other packages available forAngular 7.
We are done with the installation of Angular 7, now we will start with the project setup. To create a project in Angular 7, we will use the following command: ng new projectname You can use the projectname of your choice. Let us now run the above command in the command line.Angular 7
9 Here, we use the projectname as angular7-app. Once you run the command it will ask you about routing as shown below:Type y to add routing to your project setup.
The next question is about the stylesheet:
The options available are CSS, Sass, Less and Stylus. In the above screenshot, the arrow is on CSS. To change, you can use arrow keys to select the one required for your project setup. At present, we shall discuss CSS for our project-setup.Angular 7
10 The project angular7-app is created successfully. It installs all the required packages necessary for our project to run in Angular7. Let us now switch to the project created, which is in the directory angular7-app. Change the directory in the command line using the given line of code: cd angular7-app We will use Visual Studio Code IDE for working with Angular 7, you can use any IDE, i.e.,Atom, WebStorm, etc.
To download Visual Studio Code, go to https://code.visualstudio.com/ and click Download for Windows.Angular 7
11 Click Download for Windows for installing the IDE and run the setup to start using IDE.Following is the Editor:
Angular 7
12 We have not started any project in it. Let us now take the project we have created using angular-cli. We will consider the angular7-app project. Let us open the angular7-app and see how the folder structure looks like.Angular 7
13 Now that we have the file structure for our project, let us compile our project with the following command: ng serve The ng serve command builds the application and starts the web server.Angular 7
14 You will see the below when the command starts executing: The web server starts on port 4200. Type the url, http://localhost:4200/ in the browser and see the output. Once the project is compiled, you will receive the following output:Angular 7
15 Once you run url, http://localhost:4200/ in the browser, you will be directed to the following screen: Let us now make some changes to display the following content:³JHOŃRPH PR $QJXOMU 7A´
Angular 7
16 We have made changes in the files ² app.component.html and app.component.ts. We will discuss more about this in our subsequent chapters. Let us complete the project setup. If you see we have used port 4200, which is the default port that angular±cli makes use of while compiling. You can change the port if you wish usiQJ POH IROORRLQJ ŃRPPMQG í ng serve --host 0.0.0.0 ńport 4205 The angular7-app/ folder has the following folder structure: e2e/: end to end test folder. Mainly e2e is used for integration testing and helps ensure the application works fine. node_modules/: The npm package installed is node_modules. You can open the folder and see the packages available. src/: This folder is where we will work on the project using Angular 7.Inside src/ you will app/ folder created during the project setup and holds all the required files required for the project. The angular7-app/ folder has the following file structure: angular.json: It basically holds the project name, version of cli, etc. .editorconfig: This is the config file for the editor. .gitignore: A .gitignore file should be committed into the repository, in order to share the ignore rules with any other users that clone the repository. package.json: The package.json file tells which libraries will be installed into node_modules when you run npm install.Angular 7
17 At present, if you open the file package.json in the editor, you will get the following modules added in it: "@angular/animations": "~7.2.0", "@angular/common": "~7.2.0", "@angular/compiler": "~7.2.0", "@angular/core": "~7.2.0", "@angular/forms": "~7.2.0", "@angular/platform-browser": "~7.2.0", "@angular/platform-browser-dynamic": "~7.2.0", "@angular/router": "~7.2.0", "core-js": "^2.5.4", "rxjs": "~6.3.3", "tslib": "^1.9.0", "zone.js": "~0.8.26" In case you need to add more libraries, you can add those over here and run the npm install command. tsconfig.json: This basically contains the compiler options required during compilation. tslint.json: This is the config file with rules to be considered while compiling. The src/ folder is the main folder, which internally has a different file structure. It contains the files described below. These files are installed by angular-cli by default. app.module.ts If you open the file, you will see that the code has reference to different libraries, which are imported. Angular-cli has used these default libraries for the import: angular/core, platform-browser. The names itself explain the usage of the libraries. They are imported and saved into variables such as declarations, imports, providers, and bootstrap. We can see app-routing.module is also added. This is because we had selected routing at the start of the installation. The module is added by @angular/cli.Following is the structure of the file:
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser'; import { NgModule } from '@angular/core'; import { AppRoutingModule } from './app-routing.module'; import { AppComponent } from './app.component';Angular 7
18 @NgModule({ declarations: [AppComponent
imports: [BrowserModule,
AppRoutingModule
providers: [], bootstrap: [AppComponent] export class AppModule { } @NgModule is imported from @angular/core and it has object with following properties: declarations: In declarations, the reference to the components is stored. The Appcomponent is the default component that is created whenever a new project is initiated. We will learn about creating new components in a different section. imports: This will have the modules imported as shown above. At present, BrowserModule is part of the imports which is imported from @angular/platform-browser. There is also routing module added AppRoutingModule. providers: This will have reference to the services created. The service will be discussed in a subsequent chapter. bootstrap: This has reference to the default component created, i.e., AppComponent. app.component.css: You can write your css over here. Right now, we have added the background color to the div as shown below.The structure of the file is as follows:
.divdetails{ background-color: #ccc; app.component.htmlThe html code will be available in this file.
The structure of the file is as follows:
Angular 7
19 Welcome to {{ title }}!
Here are some links to help you start:
The structure of the file is as follows:
import { Component } from '@angular/core'; @Component({Angular 7
20 selector: 'app-root', templateUrl: './app.component.html', styleUrls: ['./app.component.css'] export class AppComponent { title = 'Angular 7'; app-routing.module.ts This file will deal with the routing required for your project. It is connected with the main module, i.e., app.module.ts.The structure of the file is as follows:
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core'; import { Routes, RouterModule } from '@angular/router'; const routes: Routes = []; @NgModule({ imports: [RouterModule.forRoot(routes)], exports: [RouterModule] export class AppRoutingModule { }Assets
You can save your images, js files in this folder.Environment
This folder has details for the production or the dev environment. The folder contains two files. environment.prod.ts environment.ts Both the files have details of whether the final file should be compiled in the production environment or the dev environment. The additional file structure of angular7-app/ folder includes the following: favicon.ico This is a file that is usually found in the root directory of a website.Angular 7
21index.html This is the file which is displayed in the browser.
Angular 7
22The platformBrowserDynamic().bootstrapModule(AppModule) has the parent module reference AppModule. Hence, when it executes in the browser, the file is called index.html. Index.html internally refers to main.ts which calls the parent module, i.e., AppModule when the following code executes: platformBrowserDynamic().bootstrapModule(AppModule) .catch(err => console.error(err)); When AppModule is called, it calls app.module.ts which further calls the AppComponent based on the bootstrap as follows: bootstrap: [AppComponent] In app.component.ts, there is a selector: app-root which is used in the index.html file. This will display the contents present in app.component.html.
The following will be displayed in the browser:
polyfill.tsThis is mainly used for backward compatibility.
styles.cssThis is the style file required for the project.
test.ts Here, the unit test cases for testing the project will be handled. tsconfig.app.jsonAngular 7
23This is used during compilation, it has the config details that need to be used to run the application. tsconfig.spec.json
This helps maintain the details for testing.
typings.d.tsIt is used to manage the Typescript definition.
The final file structure will be as follows:
Angular 7
24Major part of the development with Angular 7 is done in the components. Components are basically classes that interact with the .html file of the component, which gets displayed on the browser. We have seen the file structure in one of our previous chapters. The file structure has the app component and it consists of the following files: app.component.css app.component.html app.component.spec.ts app.component.ts app.module.ts And if you have selected angular routing during your project setup, files related to routing will also get added and the files are as follows: app-routing.module.ts The above files are created by default when we created new project using the angular-cli command. If you open up the app.module.ts file, it has some libraries which are imported and also a declarative which is assigned the appcomponent as follows: import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser'; import { NgModule } from '@angular/core'; import { AppRoutingModule } from './app-routing.module'; import { AppComponent } from './app.component'; @NgModule({ declarations: [
AppComponent
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