[PDF] Barrons AP Psychology 5th Edition

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material visit www.PlentyofeBooks.net I thank all my teachers: Kristin Krohn, Kerstin Vandervoort, my parents and grandparents, my brother, my friends, and my students.²R.M.

To Sara, Kate, and EIi.²A.W.

Allyson Weseley has taught AP Psychology and run a Behavioral Science Research Program at Roslyn High School in Roslyn Heights, NY for 17 years. Her students have enjoyed great success on the AP exam, with a 100% passing rate and well over 80% earning degree from the Harvard Graduate School of Education, and a doctorate from Columbia the AP Psychology exam, published a number of psychology-related activities, led several psychology teacher workshops, and served on the Board of Teachers of Psychology in the

Secondary Schools.

Rob McEntarffer taught AP Psychology at Lincoln Southeast High School in Lincoln, NE for

13 years and Introductory Psychology at Nebraska Wesleyan University for 7 years. He

educational psychology, and is currently working on a Ph.D. in education. He has extensive experience in scoring the Advanced Placement Psychology free-response questions, having served as a Reader, Table Leader, and, as the high school Question Leader. He is past chair of the national organization Teachers of Psychology in Secondary Schools, worked with the committee on the National Standards for the Teaching of High School Psychology, and is involved in writing assessment materials for high school and college level introductory psychology textbooks. He works as an assessment specialist for his school district.

All rights reserved.

No part of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the written permission of the copyright owner.

All inquiries should be addressed to:

250 Wireless Boulevard

Hauppauge, New York 11788

ISBN: 978-0-7641-4701-2 (Book)

First e-Book publication: February, 2012.

eISBN: 978-1-4380-8344-5

1 History and Approaches (2

2 Methods (8

3 Biological Bases of Behavior (8

4 Sensation and Perception (6

emical Senses

5 States of Consciousness (2

6 Learning (7

7 Cognition (8

ing and Creativity

8 Motivation and Emotion (6

9 Developmental Psychology (7

10 Personality (5

-Cognitive Theories

11 Testing and Individual Differences (5

ligence Tests

12 Abnormal Psychology (7

13 Treatment of Psychological Disorders (5

14 Social Psychology (8

Between Attitudes and Behavior

15 Multiple-Choice Test-Taking Tips

16 Answering Free-Response Questions

17 Practice Tests

Answer Key

Answers Explained

Answer Key

Answers Explained

-possible preparation for the AP Psychology

exam. Becoming familiar with the structure of the test is an essential part of your preparation.

Therefore, this book begins with an overview of the exam. may wish to take this test after you have been exposed to all the information through your class but before you begin to study. The Multiple-Choice Error Analysis Sheet is intended to help you identify

your areas of relative strength and weakness. For each of the 14 topic areas, compute the percentage of

questions you answered correctly. In this test, the number of questions on a topic is indicative of the

amount of attention it typically receives on the exam. Therefore, you should spend the most time studying the areas on which many questions were asked and you got a relatively low percentage of them correct. -length practice exams at the end of the book. Keep in mind

that taking a practice exam under actual testing conditions (all at once and within the time limit) is

always best. Every exam includes an explanation of the correct answers as well as an Error Analysis

Sheet.

organized in such a way that it mirrors the format of the exam. These areas and their relative coverage

on the AP exam are listed below:

History and Approaches2±4 percent

Methods8±10 percent

Biological Bases of Behavior8±10 percent

Sensation and Perception6±8 percent

States of Consciousness2±4 percent

Learning7±9 percent

Cognition8±10 percent

Motivation and Emotion6±8 percent

Developmental Psychology7±9 percent

Personality5±7 percent

Testing and Individual Differences5±7 percent

Abnormal Psychology7±9 percent

Treatment of Psychological Disorders5±7 percent

Social Psychology8±10 percent

(your AP Psychology instructor can provide more information about these objectives). We are not

reproducing these course objectives in this review book for legal reasons, but the content of this book

corresponds closely to these new course objectives. exam. Nonetheless, some of this information is particularly important and we convey that fact by highlighting such material as Tipsple appear at the beginning of each chapter and are set in italics in the text. They can also be found in the index. revision of their course outline and all those people are described in this review book. However, we recommend that you do NOT spend a large part of your studying time memorizing all these names. The AP Psychology exam primarily focuses on psychological concepts and ideas, not people. We included a -choice practice questions and an explanation of the correct answer are provided at the end of each review chapter. We recommend that you first review the material in the chapter and then answer all the review questions in order to test your comprehension. focuses on how to answer the free-response questions. We have included a discussion of how best to approach the essays and also provide a number of examples of the kinds of essay questions likely to appear on the exam. We also include model essay answers to give you an idea of what the readers of the exam are looking for. person you know is important, but do not remember. It will refer you to a page or pages that discuss that term or person. psychologists (all described within this book!), we want to highlight the ones whom you are most

likely to be asked about on the AP exam. They are listed in the table below, along with the chapter(s)

in which you can find more information about them and their major contributions to the field. -choice section and a free-response section. You will have two hours to complete the whole test. The multiple-choice portion of the exam contains 100 five-choice (Ato E questions in the latter part of the exam are a little more difficult than the early ones. -choice section of the AP exam is based on the number of questions answered correctly. No points are deducted for questions answered incorrectly or left blank. Since choice question on the exam. ree-response section of the test consists of two questions, and you must answer them both. Unlike most other AP exams, you will not be given a choice of topics. You will have 50 minutes to complete this portion of the exam. Some students find writing two full essays in such a short amount

of time to be difficult. Chapter 16 includes some helpful suggestions for tackling this section of the

exam. multiple-choice and free-response sections, with the multiple-choice section counting for twice as much. This means that two-thirds of your score depends on your performance on the multiple-choice questions, and the other one-third of your score is based on the quality of your essays. information on score breakdowns in past years is available from the College Board (see the College

Board website: www.collegeboard.org/ap

-Choice Questions

TIME²1 HOUR AND 10 MINUTES

Directions:

1. Rocco is a fun-loving, easygoing fellow. He rarely gets angry or upset and never seems to be in a

rush. Rocco would best be described as having (A) an internal locus of control. (B) a Type B personality. (C) an Oedipus complex. (D) an introverted temperament. (E) self-actualized. 2 (A) students who already listen to Mozart. (B) students randomly assigned to listen to Mozart. (C) students randomly assigned not to listen to Mozart. (D) students who have already completed geometry. (E) students who have never studied geometry.

3. The space between the dendrites of one neuron and the terminal buttons of another is the

(A) node of Ranvier. (B) axon. (C) medulla. (D) synapse. (E) myelin sheath.

4. Which of the following factors helps most to explain the increasing rate of obesity in the United

States over the last 100 years?

(A) the changing gene pool (B) the sedentary nature of modern jobs (C) the growth in popularity of the cities (D) the increase in the length of the workday (E) the lack of opportunities to exercise

5. Learned taste aversions generally result from

(A) negative reinforcement. (B) shaping. (C) insight learning. (D) classical conditioning. (E) operant conditioning.

6. Creativity is most closely associated with

(A) using algorithms. (B) divergent thinking. (C) functional fixedness. (D) excellent recall ability. (E) telegraphic speech.

7. Which theory of motivation best explains why some people enjoy dangerous hobbies such as

skydiving and bungee jumping? (A) drive reduction theory (B) incentive theory (C) arousal theory (D) sociobiology

8. After finishing work on a

(A) authoritative (B) indulgent (C) neglectful (D) authoritarian (E) democratic

9. Calinda is usually a hardworking, frugal, single mother of two. Sometimes, however, she says her

name is Meelo, a pop star, and instead of working she goes on spending sprees at local

boutiques. On other occasions, she has been known to say that she is an eight-year-old boy (A) conversion disorder. (B) dissociative identity disorder. (C) schizophrenia. (D) post-traumatic stress disorder. (E) bipolar disorder. a (A) psychoanalyst. (B) biomedical psychologist. (C) behaviorist. (D) cognitive psychologist. (E) humanistic psychologist.

11. Which of the following types of approaches is used by the greatest number of clinical

psychologists in the United States? (A) eclectic (B) psychodynamic (C) humanistic (D) client-centered (E) systematic desensitization

12. If Marie Curie, James Madison, and Mahatma Gandhi had all taken an intelligence test and

scored poorly, most people would doubt that the test was (A) projective. (B) standardized. (C) valid. (D) normed. (E) reliable.

13. The easiest and most common technique used to gath

(A) administering projective tests. (C) using brain scans. (D) asking people to fill out self-report inventories. (E) using free association and dream analysis.

14. Saluja decides she wants to try hanging out with a new group of friends. She used to be on the

debate team but now tries out for the spring musical. Which of Eriks (A) generativity versus stagnation (B) intimacy versus isolation (C) autonomy versus shame and doubt (D) initiative versus guilt (E) identity versus role confusion

15. Daniel is learning that five pennies spread out on his desk are the same number of coins as five

pennies in a pile. According to Piaget, how old is Daniel likely to be? (A) 1 year (B) 2 years (C) 4 years (D) 8 years (E) 13 years 16 (A) somatic (B) peripheral (C) central (D) parasympathetic (E) sympathetic

17. Your knowledge of skills such as how to tie your shoes or ride a bicycle is thought to be stored in

which part of the brain? (A) hippocampus (B) cerebral cortex (C) medulla (D) amygdala (E) cerebellum

18. Zach is leaving for college and wants to teach his parents how to program their DVR before he

goes. What reinforcement schedule would be more effective to teach them this new skill? (A) continuous reinforcement (B) fixed ratio (C) fixed interval (D) variable ratio (E) variable interval

19. Which of the following is an opiate?

(A) cocaine (B) amphetamines (C) heroin (D) nicotine (E) caffeine

20. Which structure is found in the middle ear?

(A) stirrup (B) auditory nerve (C) cochlea (D) organ of Corti (E) pinna

21. Mr. Kan is making soup. After tasting it, he decides it needs more salt and slowly adds some until

he can first detect that the soup is saltier than it was before. The amount of salt Mr. Kan needs to add depends on his (A) absolute threshold. (B) perceptual set. (C) difference threshold. (D) olfactory sensitivity. (E) gate-control theory.

22. Which type of scan uses X-ray technology to examine the structure of the brain?

(A) PET (B) MRI (C) CAT (D) EEG (E) fMRI 23
(A) the American Psychological Association. (B) at least two licensed psychiatrists. (C) an Institutional Review Board. (D) at least one psychiatrist and one psychologist. (E) everyone on the research team.

24. Which of the following is the best example of basic research?

(A) a first-grade teacher tests two different methods of teaching reading (B) a psychologist investigates how effective a new therapeutic approach is for treating phobias (E) a social psychologist studies how charities can convince people to donate more generously

25. An extra chromosome on the twenty-first pair is associated with

(B) Down syndrome. (C) Tay-Sachs disease. (E) fetal alcohol syndrome.

26. Three-year-old Emma went to see a New York Yankees game in Yankee Stadium. From her seat

in the bleachers, the players looked like tiny men, but as she walked toward the field, the (A) damage to her fovea. (B) place theory. (C) incomprehension about how to use the Gestalt principles of perception. (D) her inability to use binocular cues. (E) the fact that she is still developing size constancy.

27. Infants teach their parents to hold them a lot by crying whenever they are put down. When they

are picked up, the babies stop crying. The parents are learning to pick up their babies via (A) insight learning. (B) positive reinforcement. (C) negative reinforcement. (D) latent learning. (E) punishment.

28. Which of the following sentences illustrates overgeneralization?

(A) Toby is the fastest boy in the world. (C) Dani goed to the store. (D) Only human beings have the ability to used language. (E) All dogs have fur. 29
(A) the linguistic relativity hypothesis (B) social learning theory (C) the nativist theory of language (D) signal detection theory (E) arousal theory

30. Jenna invited Mari to a Ben Folds concert. Mari loves Ben Folds but loathes Jenna. What type of

conflict is Mari experiencing? (A) approach-approach (B) avoidance-avoidance (C) approach-avoidance (D) multiple approach-avoidance (E) None, she should just go to the concert. 31
(A) functionalism. (B) Gestalt psychology. (C) trephination. (D) repression. (E) structuralism.

32. Which type of personality theorist would most likely be criticized for underestimating the impact

of the environment? (A) trait (B) behaviorist (C) cognitive (D) psychodynamic (E) social-cognitive

33. Which of the following seems to be least heritable?

(A) hair color (B) heart disease (C) religious beliefs (D) conscientiousness (E) extraversion

34. Mohammed is trying t

(A) power test (B) speed test (C) achievement test (D) aptitude test (E) individual test

35. Before you see a question on the AP Psychology exam, it is usually pretested on a group of

college students taking an introductory course in psychology. This group of people are referred to as the (A) standardization sample. (B) validity testers. (C) test population. (D) basis for comparison. (E) trial group.

36. Which of the following is a somatoform disorder?

(A) narcissistic personality disorder (B) masochism (C) generalized anxiety disorder (D) psychogenic amnesia (E) hypochondriasis

37. Dr. Hernandez believes that poverty lies at the root of most of her inner-

(A) humanistic. (B) sociocultural. (C) biomedical. (D) cognitive. (E) behavioral.

38. A man calls Janie soliciting money for a charity that fights AIDS. He asks if they can count on

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