Shiv K. Sharma Spectroscopy: Lecture 5 Application of Raman
Application of Raman Spectroscopy: Characterization of Chemical Bondings www.soest.hawaii.edu~zinin. GG 711: Advanced Techniques in Geophysics and
Laser Raman Spectroscopy & its applications
Laser Raman Spectroscopy & its applications. Laser Raman spectroscopy uses a monochromatic laser to interact with molecular vibrational modes in a.
Principles of Spectroscopy
refer back to the emission spectra of brine. • Non-radiative Quantitative Relationships for Optical Spectroscopy ... Applications: strongly absorbing.
Ion sources & sample introduction - Mass analyzers - Basics of
Applications. Adapted from “Mass Spectrometry in Biotechnology” In the past mass spectrometry was confined to the realm of small molecules;.
BROADBAND DIELECTRIC SPECTROSCOPY - BASICS AND
Sep 11 2016 BASICS AND SELECTED APPLICATIONS. Andreas Schönhals. 9th International Conference on Broadband. Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Applications.
Applications of time-resolved spectroscopy for microenvironment
Apr 25 2018 Parameter can be determined from the spectroscopic data
Laser-based Absorption Spectrometry
a detection limit for C2H2 of 180 ppt (12.5 s acquisition time). frequency modulation spectroscopy – application to trace species detec-.
Raman Spectroscopy
•Applications of Raman Spectroscopy. • Structural chemistry. Solid state. • Solid state. • Analytical chemistry. • Applied materials analysis.
Raman spectroscopy: Basic principles and applications
Raman spectroscopy: Basic principles and applications. • Basic principles. - Resonance Raman scattering. - Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS).
Mössbauer Spectroscopy – Principles and Applications
G.K. Wertheim Mössbauer Effect: Principles and Applications
Principles and Applications
Philipp Gütlich
Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische ChemieAcknowledgement
collaboration. P.G.Introduction
sciences. phenomenaandeffects.numerous reviews. The purpose of the material shown here is to use schematic representations with the
reader to consult other material for the detail.References
New York, 1975.
New York, 1968.
McGraw-Hill London-New York, 1973.
Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 1978.
Oxford, 1979
and subsequent volumes.Rudolf L. MÖSSBAUER
discovers - and receives theNobel Prize in 1961 observation of recoilless nuclear resonant absorption in 191Ir!Z. Physik, 1958, 151, 124.
Naturwissenschaften, 1958, 45, 538
and For pedagogical reasons the following presentations similar toAcoustic resonance between two tuning forks with
same frequency fs= frAcoustic wave
Sender
Receiver
fSfE fs=fr Z,NEe Eg Ee EgZ,NȖ-rays
Nucleus 1
Nucleus 2
Sender
Receiver
Transmitted Ȗ-rays
E0= EeEg
Excited state
Ground state
Z, NZ, N
Ȗ-rays
emitting atom absorber atom ERERER = EȖ2/2mc2
Important:
Elimination of recoil effect
upon emission and absorption of Ȗ-rays!Recoilless Nuclear Resonance Absorption
and Fluorescence of-Radiation Z,N Z,NNucleus in
Ground
StateNucleus in
Excited
StateEe
EgJ-EmissionResonance
Absorption
Resonance
Fluorescence
e A nucleus with Z protons and N neutrons in an excited state of energy Eeundergoes transition to the ground state of energy Egby emitting a gamma quantum of energy Ee Eg. The gamma quantum may be absorbed by the nucleus of the same kind (same Z and N) in its ground state, whereby transition to the excited state of energy Eetakes place (resonance absorption). The subsequent transition to the ground state emits a conversion electron e-or a - quantum (resonance fluorescence).Nuclear Decay Scheme for
5727Co
EC
I = 5/2
1/2 3/2136 keV
14,4 keV, ~ 100 ns
270 d85 %
0
K ernzerfalls-Schem a für
5727Co
EC 57
26Fe
I = 5/2
1/2 3/2136 keV
14,4 keV,
~ 100 ns 270 d85 %
05726Fe
Radioactive 57Co with 270 days halflife, which may be generated in a cyclotron and diffused into a noble metal like rhodium, serves as the electron capture (EC from K-shell, thereby reducing the proton number, from 27 to 26 corresponding to 57Fe) and initially populates the 136 keV nuclear level of 57Fe with nuclear spin quantum number I = 5/2. This excited state decays after ca. 10 ns and populates, with 85 % probability the 14.4 keV level by emitting 122 keV gamma quanta, with 15 % probability the 136 keV level decays directly to the ground state of 57Fe. The 14.4 keV nuclear state has a halflife of ca. 100 ns. Both the halflife and the emitted gamma quanta of 14.4 keV energy are ideally suited for I = 3/2 and I = 1/2 are the nuclear spin quantum numbers of the excited state (14.4 keV) and the ground state, respectively. The internal conversion coefficient (= the number of ejected K-shell electrons for each Ȗ-quantum interacting with the K-shell) is 9.7. PuAm H Li Na K Rb Cs FrCaScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
Be Mg Sr Ba Ra Y La Ac ZrNb HfTa Mo W Tc Re Ru Os RhPd IrPt Ag Au Cd Hg He Ne Ar Xe Rn BCNOF Al In Tl Si Sn Pb P Sb Bi S Te Po Cl I AtCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLu
ThPaUNpCmCfEsFmMdNoLwBk
IA IIAIIIBIVBVBVIB VIIBVIIIB
IBIIBIIIAIVAVAVIA
VIIIA VIIA PuAmExperimental Resonance Conditions
If EȖ180 keV: Recoil energy ER = EȖ2/2mc2
becomes too large and destroys resonanceTransition energy: EȖ= EaEg
Suitablerange: 5 keV EȖ180 keV
If EȖ5 keV: Complete non-resonance absorption
IsotopeEȖ/keVȽr/(mm s-1)
= 2 ȽnatIgIeĮNatural abundance %Nuclear decay* 57Fe61Ni
119Sn
121Sb
125Te
127I
129I
149Sm
151Eu
161Dy
193Ir
197Au
237Np
14.41 67.40
23.87
37.15
35.48
57.60
27.72
22.5
21.6
25.65
73.0
77.34
59.54
0.192 0.78 0.626 2.1 5.02 2.54 0.59 1.60 1.44 0.37 0.60 1.87 0.067 1/2 3/2 1/2+ 5/2+ 1/2+ 5/2+ 7/2+ 7/2 5/2+ 5/2+ 3/2+ 3/2+ 5/2+ 3/2 5/2 3/2+ 7/2+ 3/2+ 7/2+ 5/2+ 5/2 7/2+ 5/2 1/2+ 1/2+ 5/2 8.17 0.12 5.12 ~10 12.7 3.70quotesdbs_dbs7.pdfusesText_13
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