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Benchmarking Road Safety in Latin America

2017

Corporate Partnership Board

CPBBenchmarking

Road Safety in

Latin America

2017-12/Photo Credit: Jan Ribeiro/Pref. Olinda

Benchmarking Road Safety

in Latin America Road safety is a major issue in Latin America and substantial actions are needed to reduce the number of road deaths and injuries. This report describes and benchmarks road safety management and performance in ten Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay and Uruguay. The comparisons in this study allow identifying similarities be useful to policy makers in assessing weaknesses and strengths, experiences in other countries.

International Transport Forum

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Benchmarking

Análisis de Políticas de Casos

The International Transport Forum is an intergovernmental organisation with eeper ministers tia, Czech Republic,

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3

BENCHMARKING ROAD

V This project was undertaken by the International Transport Forum (ITF), in the framework of the (FIA). TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 BENCHMARKING ROAD SAFETY IN LATIN AMERICA © OECD/ITF 2017Table of contents

Executive summary ....................................................................................................................................... 8

Chapter 1. Objectives and working methods of the benchmarking study ............................................ 11

What is road safety benchmarking? ........................................................................................................... 11

Objective of the research project ............................................................................................................... 13

Methodology .............................................................................................................................................. 14

Country grouping ....................................................................................................................................... 16

Data collection and analysis....................................................................................................................... 17

References .................................................................................................................................................. 18

Chapter 2. Road safety management ........................................................................................................ 19

Institutional responsibility for road safety ................................................................................................. 19

National road safety strategies, plans and targets ...................................................................................... 22

Status regarding key legislative measures to influence behaviour ............................................................ 24

Organisation of traffic enforcement ........................................................................................................... 26

Driving license systems ............................................................................................................................. 30

Safety quality of roads ............................................................................................................................... 31

United Nations Conventions on vehicle safety .......................................................................................... 33

Conclusions and recommendations ............................................................................................................ 36

References .................................................................................................................................................. 39

Chapter 3. Road transport background ................................................................................................... 41

Population .................................................................................................................................................. 44

Road network ............................................................................................................................................. 48

Vehicle fleet and motorisation ................................................................................................................... 52

Public transport .......................................................................................................................................... 55

Conclusions and recommendations ............................................................................................................ 56

References .................................................................................................................................................. 57

Chapter 4. Road crash data reporting ...................................................................................................... 59

Overview of road crash data ...................................................................................................................... 59

Definitions of a road fatality ...................................................................................................................... 59

Data reporting procedures .......................................................................................................................... 61

Data quality and underreporting ................................................................................................................ 62

Conclusions and recommendations ............................................................................................................ 66

References .................................................................................................................................................. 68

Notes .......................................................................................................................................................... 68

Chapter 5. Road safety trends ................................................................................................................... 69

Trends in the number of road deaths ..........................................................................................................

69

Mortality rates ............................................................................................................................................ 72

Fatalities by type of users .......................................................................................................................... 82

Fatal victims by location ............................................................................................................................ 84

Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................ 84

References .................................................................................................................................................. 86

6 TABLE OF CONTENTS BENCHMARKING ROAD SAFETY IN LATIN AMERICA © OECD/ITF 2017Chapter 6. Pedestrian safety ...................................................................................................................... 87

Challenges of pedestrian mobility and safety ............................................................................................ 87

Trends in pedestrian fatalities .................................................................................................................... 87

Share of pedestrians fatalities .................................................................................................................... 90

Pedestrian mortality rates ........................................................................................................................... 92

Age distribution of pedestrian fatalities ..................................................................................................... 93

Pedestrian fatalities by collision partner ....................................................................................................

95

Pedestrian fatalities by location ................................................................................................................. 96

Pedestrian fatalities by time of day ............................................................................................................ 96

Pedestrian safety interventions .................................................................................................................. 98

Conclusions and recommendations ............................................................................................................ 99

References ................................................................................................................................................ 100

Chapter 7. Motorcyclist safety ................................................................................................................ 101

Motorcyclist safety: A priority issue ........................................................................................................ 101

Vehicle classification and registration ..................................................................................................... 101

The powered two-wheeler fleet ............................................................................................................... 101

The use of motorcycles ............................................................................................................................ 104

Analysis of road safety data ..................................................................................................................... 106

Licensing and training ............................................................................................................................. 114

Helmet and other protective equipment ................................................................................................... 117

Vehicle regulation .................................................................................................................................... 121

National motorcycle safety strategies and plans ...................................................................................... 122

Conclusions and recommendations .......................................................................................................... 123

References ................................................................................................................................................ 125

Chapter 8. Drink driving ......................................................................................................................... 127

The role of alcohol in road crashes .......................................................................................................... 127

Legal drink driving limits ........................................................................................................................ 129

Sanctions .................................................................................................................................................. 130

Definition of an alcohol-related crash ...................................................................................................... 132

Prevalence of alcohol in fatal crashes ...................................................................................................... 133

Drink driving check and enforcement ...................................................................................................... 136

Measures to combat drink driving ........................................................................................................... 139

Conclusions and recommendations .......................................................................................................... 141

References ................................................................................................................................................ 142

Chapter 9. Seat belts and child restraint systems .................................................................................. 145

Safety of vehicles ..................................................................................................................................... 145

Seat belts ................................................................................................................................

.................. 145

Child restraint systems ............................................................................................................................. 149

Tools to increase the use of seat belts and child restraints ....................................................................... 154

Road safety effects of increased seat belt wearing .................................................................................. 155

Conclusions and recommendations .......................................................................................................... 157

References ................................................................................................................................................ 159

Chapter 10. Speed management .............................................................................................................. 161

Speed and crash risk ................................................................................................................................ 161

Speed limit systems ................................................................................................................................. 162

Sanctions for speeding ............................................................................................................................. 166

TABLE OF CONTENTS 7

BENCHMARKING ROAD SAFETY IN LATIN AMERICA

Tools for managing speed

Conclusions and recommendations

References

Chapter 11. Pos

Importance of post

Measuring post

Status of post

Selected case studies

Key po

Conclusions and recommendations

References

Chapter 12. Conclusions and recommendations

Benchmarking

Road safety background

Conc Recommendations for the ten Latin American countries

OISEVI

References

8

BENCHMARKING ROAD SAFETY IN LATIN AMERICA

XPPDU\

What we did

This report describes and benchmarks road safety management and performance in ten Latin

What we found

Road safety is a major issue in Latin America and substantial actions are needed to reduce the road

What we recommend

Create a strong national lead agency for road safety

Where national agencies are charged with co

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9

BENCHMARKING ROAD SAFETY IN LATIN AMERICA

Set up a road safety observatory and improve road safety data systems for better road safety

Evidence

Develop a national road safety strategy with ambitious targets A c Prioritise safety improvements for motorcycle riders Improving safety for the growing number of motor Walking facilities and management of car speed are particularly recommended for improving the

Address speeding, drink driving and non

Implementing a strong

Tackle weaknesses in post

Ensuring effective intervention in the immediate aftermath of a road crash is critical to saving lives

Invest in safe road infrastructure and adopt UN regulations on vehicle safety

Little comparable information on the safety performance of the vehicle fleet and the road

1. OBJECTIVES AND WORKING METHODS OF THE BENCHMARKING STUDY 11

BENCHMARKING ROAD SAFETY IN LATIN AMERICA

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Road crashes, serious injuries and their related social and economic consequences are considered to

Goal 3

number of global deaths and injuries fro

Goal 11

2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible, and sustainable transport systems for all,

make oneself familiar with performances and progress in other countries and to understand if and how

What is road safety benchmarking?

Benchmarking

12

BENCHMARKING ROAD SAFETY IN LATIN AMERICA

Figure 1.1.

1. OBJECTIVES AND WORKING METHODS OF THE BENCHMARKING STUDY 13

BENCHMARKING ROAD SAFETY IN LATIN AMERICA

determine the key components for road safety benchmarking identify the benchmarking partners (or countries) develop indicators for meaningful comparisons and data gathering ex set targets (on final and intermediate outcomes) and monitoring progress.

Source: Shen et al. (2015), Wegman et al.

Objective of the research

The objective of this study was to develop a methodology to assess road safety performances in ten 14

BENCHMARKING ROAD SAFETY IN LATIN AMERICA

research may be needed to arrive at specific conclusions about where and how to improve, and indeed Phase 1: Development of the methodology and theoretical framework, about which a Phase 2: Collection of data, refinement of the methodology, benchmarking analysis and

Methodology

Benchmarking consists of the systematic search and analysis of best practices, innovative ideas and characteristics, road safety strategies, policies, and measures that have been implemented, a Define indicators and collect the data required to analyse the specific case Provide insights concerning the quality of different data sources for comparing road safety Identify the strengths and weaknesses of each country or region through comparative

Develop a scientifically

Draw conclusions on effective interventions and measures and success factors in different

1. OBJECTIVES AND WORKING METHODS OF THE BENCHMARKING STUDY 15BENCHMARKING ROAD SAFETY IN LATIN AMERICA © OECD/ITF 2017To undertake this analysis, data and information has been collected and analysed in the following

areas: road safety policy and organisation general data on the road transport system road crashes and casualty data, and traffic and road safety trends case studies on key road safety areas. The methodological approach is based on the road safety target hierarchy (see Figure 1.3) used in

the SUNflower project (Koornstra et al., 2002). In this, it is essential to have a clear understanding of

traffic safety processes at different levels in the hierarchy, as well as the causes and consequences that

layer captures country-

relates to the societal perception of road safety problems and the respective responsibilities of individuals

and the government (different tiers of government). The next layer concerns safety measures and

programmes (as road safety policy performance), followed by the layer of safety performance indicators

(as intermediate outcomes). Nearing the top of the hierarchy is the layer of numbers of road fatalities and

injuries (as final outcomes), with the layer of social costs of accidents.

Figure 1.3.

A target hierarchy for road safety Source: Koornstra et al. (2002). The methodological approach includes the development of a set of indicators, adapted to the road

safety situation in Latin America. This includes final outcome indicators (for different road user groups,

types of roads) and intermediate outcome indicators or safety performance indicators. The approach also

includes the identification of road safety management practices in key road safety areas, as a basis for

safety interventions benchmarking. 16

BENCHMARKING ROAD SAFETY IN LATIN AMERICA

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