[PDF] I Emploi du Subjonctif présent - FRENCH RIVERA EARLY COLLEGE





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LE SUBJONCTIF LEÇON ET EXERCICES (1/10) FRENCH

I Emploi du Subjonctif présent

The French subjunctive is a special verb form, called a mood. The French subjunctive is used in dependent

clauses to indicate some sort of subjectivity, uncertainty, or unreality in the mind of the speaker. In French,

feelings like doubt and desire require the subjunctive, as do expressions of necessity, possibility, and

judgment. It can be helpful to consider them in themed groups:

Preferences, Advice, Needs, Desires, Orders

Judgments, Emotions, Feelings

Possibilities, Opinions, Doubts, Suppositions

Additional Subjonctive Triggers

Note that there are two additional conditions to meet before using the French subjunctive:

1) Que or qui

The expression in the main clause must end with the relative pronoun que or qui. If it ends with the prépositions de, you need to use the infinitive . Il est important que tu fasses tes devoirs. to do your homework.

Il est important qu him to go to class.

Il est important de faire tes devoirs.

Il est important de fasses tes devoirs.

2) Two subjects

The subject

use the infinitive. Je veux que tu ailles à la banque. I want you to go to the bank. Je veux aller à la banque. I want to go to the bank.

À noter : There is no future subjunctive in French. Even for subjective situations that are clearly set in the

future, the present subjunctive is used. Il faut que tu prennes le bus demain. to take the bus tomorrow. divide them into themes.

LE SUBJONCTIF LEÇON ET EXERCICES (2/10) FRENCH

Preferences, Advice, Needs, Desires, Orders (PANDO) aimer mieux que to like better / to prefer that il est temps que it is time that commander que to order that il est urgent que it is urgent that défendre que to forbid il faut que it is necessary that demander que to ask (so from doing sg) interdire que to forbid that désirer que to desire that to oppose that to order that ordonner que to order that empêcher que* to prevent (so from doing sg) permettre que to permit that éviter que* to avoid préférer que to prefer that exiger que to demand that proposer que to propose that il est à souhaiter que it is to be hoped that recommander que to recommend il est capital que it is crucial that souhaiter que to wish that il est essentiel que it is essential that suggérer que to suggest that il est impératif que it is imperative that tenir à ce que to insist that il est nécessaire que it is necessary that vouloir que to want that * These verbs call for the ne explétif . Possibilities, Opinions, Doubts, Suppositions (PODS) to expect it is not obvious that * to look for it is improbable that douter que** to doubt that que it is not certain that il est douteux que** it is doubtful that il semble que it seems that il est impossible que it is impossible that il se peut que it may be that il est improbable que it is improbable that le fait que the fact that il est possible que it is possible that nier que*** to deny that il est peu probable que it is improbable that refuser que to refuse it is not certain that supposer que to suppose, hypothesize it is not clear that * Whether to use the subjunctive chercher depends on whether you know the person or thing exists. ** These do not take the subjunctive when they are used negatively. *** When nier is in the negative or interrogative, it calls for the ne explétif.

LE SUBJONCTIF LEÇON ET EXERCICES (3/10) FRENCH

Judgments, Emotions, Feelings (JEF)

accepter que to accept il est étrange que it is strange that adorer que to love that il est faux que it is false that aimer que to like that il est heureux que it is fortunate that apprécier que to appreciate that il est honteux que it is shameful that avoir honte que to be ashamed that il est important que it is important that avoir peur que* to be afraid that il est inutile que it is useless that craindre que* to fear that il est juste que it is right/fair that déplorer que to deplore that il est naturel que it is natural that détester que to hate that il est normal que it is normal that être content que to be happy that il est rare que it is rare that être désolé que to be sorry that il est regrettable que it is regrettable that être étonné que to be amazed that il est surprenant que it is surprising that être heureux que to be happy that il est utile que it is useful that être surpris que to be surprised that it is not correct that être triste que to be sad that it is not true that il est bizarre que it is odd that il vaut mieux que it is better that il est bon que it is good that redouter que* to dread that il est convenable que it is proper/fitting that regretter que to regret that il est dommage que it is too bad that se réjouir que to be delighted that il est étonnant que it is amazing that * These verbs call for the ne explétif. II Le subjonctif présent exprime ce qui n'est pas encore réalisé.

Il faut que je parte.

J'aimerais que tu viennes avec moi.

Je ne crois pas qu'il sache nager.

J'ai peur qu'elle ne réussisse pas son bac.

Je te prête ce livre pour que tu puisses le lire. Pour utiliser le subjonctif, il faut avoir dans la phrase deux sujets différents.

Comparez :

a) Je veux que tu partes. b) Je veux partir.

Le subjonctif après les verbes de nécessité (Les verbes de nécessité sont tous impersonnels)

Il faut que ...

Il est inévitable que ...

Il est nécessaire que ...

Il est indispensable que ...

Il est impératif que ...

Il est temps que ...

LE SUBJONCTIF LEÇON ET EXERCICES (4/10) FRENCH

Le subjonctif après les verbes de volonté

vouloir, consentir à (ce que), préférer, accepter, désirer, s'opposer à (ce que), exiger, tolérer .

Quand il y a un seul sujet : l'infinitif Quand il y a deux sujets : toujours le subjonctif

J'éteindrai la télévision. Je le veux.

Je veux éteindre la télévision.

Tu éteindras la télévision. Je le veux.

Je veux que tu éteignes la télévision.

Nous préférons que nos enfants lisent plutôt que de regarder la télévision. Elle ne tolère pas que je fasse mes courses le dimanche. Il s'oppose à ce que nous écoutions la radio au lit.

Exception : le verbe espérer

J'espère qu'il est là.

J'espère que tu ne feras pas tes courses demain matin.

Le subjonctif après les verbes d'ordre

commander, demander, ordonner, proposer, suggérer

On a toujours deux sujets et on peut mettre ou ne pas mettre le subjonctif selon la force de l'ordre.

J'ai demandé à Paul de venir me voir. (ordre faible) J'ai demandé que Paul vienne me voir. (ordre fort) Le subjonctif après les verbes de permission et de souhait autoriser, défendre, permettre, refuser, interdire, souhaiter.

On peut mettre ou ne pas mettre le subjonctif :

Je te souhaite de réussir

Je souhaite que tu réussisses

Je souhaite à Jeanne de réussir

Je souhaite que Jeanne réussisse

avec le subjonctif : je le souhaite vraiment sans le subjonctif : c'est plus une marque de politesse

LE SUBJONCTIF LEÇON ET EXERCICES (5/10) FRENCH

III Le subjonctif est un mode (a mood)

Verbes Réguliers : Take the third person plural of the present indicative, take off the -ent ending,

and add the endings -e, -es, -e, -ions, -iez, and -ent and voilà - subjunctive verbs parler je parle tu parles il/elle parle nous parlions vous parliez ils/elles parlent finir je finisse tu finisses il/elle finisse nous finissions vous finissiez ils/elles finissent rendre je rende tu rendes il/elle rende nous rendions vous rendiez ils/elles rendent

It might look a bit strange but verbs like oublier, rire, and étudier have a double i in the nous and vous

forms.

Verbes Irréguliers

avoir j' aie tu aies il/elle ait nous ayons vous ayez ils/elles aient

être

je sois tu sois il/elle soit nous soyons vous soyez ils/elles soient pouvoir je puisse tu puisses il/elle puisse nous puissions vous puissiez ils/elles puissent faire je fasse tu fasses il/elle fasse nous fassions vous fassiez ils/elles fassent savoir je sache tu saches il/elle sache nous sachions vous sachiez ils/elles sachent vouloir je veuille tu veuilles il/elle veuille nous voulions vous vouliez ils/elles veuillent aller j' aille tu ailles il/elle aille nous allions vous alliez ils/elles aillent Venir je vienne tu viennes il/elle vienne nous venions vous veniez ils/elles viennent falloir il faille pleuvoir il pleuve nous oubliions vous oubliiez nous riions vous riiez nous

étudiions

vous

étudiiez

LE SUBJONCTIF LEÇON ET EXERCICES (6/10) FRENCH

IV Conjugaison complète du présent du Subjonctif

être

je sois tu sois il / elle soit nous soyons vous soyez ils / elles soient avoir tu aies il / elle ait nous ayons vous ayez ils / elles aient aller tu ailles il / elle aille nous allions vous alliez ils / elles aillent faire je fasse tu fasses il / elle fasse nous fassions vous fassiez ils / elles fassent finir je finisse tu finisses il / elle finisse nous finissions vous finissiez ils /elles finissent offrir tu offres il / elle offre nous offrions vous offriez ils / elles offrent attendre tu attendes il / elle attende nous attendions vous attendiez ils / elles attendent savoir je sache tu saches il / elle sache nous sachions vous sachiez ils / elles sachent vouloir je veuille tu veuilles il / elle veuille nous voulions vous vouliez ils / elles veuillentquotesdbs_dbs14.pdfusesText_20
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