[PDF] French National 4 & 5 Grammar Notes Booklet





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1 French National 4 & 5 Grammar Notes Booklet 2 Grammar Terms I can make nouns agree (masculine/feminine/singular/plural) I can use the words for a and the correctly I can make adjectives agree with nouns and position them correctly including irregular adjectives I know what a possessive adjective is and can use them successfully



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Do French nouns have to be preceded by an article?

  • 4ABSENCE OF ARTICLE As a general rule, French nouns must usually be preceded by an article or other determiner, e.g. a possessive or demonstrative adjective, a numeral, etc. However, the following exceptions should be noted.

How many irregular present participles are there in French grammar?

  • 146 French Grammar in Context ‘although . . . ’, e.g. Tout en reconnaissant ses qualités, je suis porté à croire que . .. = Although I recognize his qualities, I am inclined to think that . . . . 2FORM aThere are just three irregular present participle forms to be noted:

What is the fifth edition of French grammar and usage?

  • here refer to the fifth edition, published in 2009, and the page references to R. Hawkins and R. Towell, French Grammar and Usageto the third edition, published in 2010. Minor corrections and revisions have been made elsewhere.

What are the adverbs of French grammar?

  • These adverbs include: aussi (= thus, therefore); à peine; peut-être; sans doute (see Chapter 30). e.g. Peut-être l’a-t-il oublié; Sans doute est-elle partie
1

French National 4 & 5

Grammar Notes Booklet

2

Grammar Terms

I can make nouns agree (masculine/feminine/singular/plural) I can make adjectives agree with nouns and position them correctly, including irregular adjectives. I know what a possessive adjective is and can use them successfully.

I know what an adverb is and how to form them.

I can use simple relative pronouns.

I can understand how to form time phrases.

I can use superlatives correctly.

I can make sentences negative.

I understand what a pronoun is.

I can use possessive pronouns.

I can use reflexive verbs.

I can form past participles.

I can turn verbs into the future tense, including irregular verbs.

I can turn verbs into the conditional tense.

3

TOPIC: NOUNS AND GENDER

What? A noun is a word that names people, things and ideas. How? dictionary can tell us if nouns are masculine or feminine. like English. (There are some exceptions you have to learn). What? then secondly, you must think about how many. Note.

A+ le = au

A + les = aux

combine.

De + le = du

De + les = des

TOPIC: ADJECTIVES

What? An adjective is a word which describes a noun. In French, adjectives agree with the noun they describe. You must firstly think of whether the noun is

Masculine

singular

Feminine

singular

Masculine

plural

Feminine

plural a un une des des the Le La Les les 4 How?

In French, adjectives come after the noun.

many.

Masc sing Masc pl Fem sing Fem pl

Un crayon bleu Deux

crayons bleus

Une gomme

bleue Deux gomme bleues

Position of adjectives:

Most adjectives go after the noun they are describing, unlike English. e.g. un crayon bleu a blue pencil

Exceptions:

Some adjectives come before the noun. They are adjectives that describe beauty, age, goodness and size (Remember them as B.A.G.S. adjectives.)

These are:

Beau/belle Handsome/pretty

jeune young

Vieux/ vieille old

Nouveau/nouvelle New

Long long

e.g. la vieille voiture. the old car. 5

TOPIC: POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

What? A possessive adjective is a word that tells us who owns something, whose is it or to whom it belongs. How? In French, the possessive adjective has to agree. It ALWAYS agrees with the thing possessed, not the owner.

Masc singular Fem singular Masc and Fem

plural my mon ma mes your ton ta tes his / her ton sa ses

Examples

Mon livre My book

Tes parents Your parents

Sa maison * His/hers/* house.

*You would know which one it is by the names in the sentences previously.

Notre livres. Our books.

Masc sing Fem sing Masc pl Fem pl

our notre notre nos nos your / ustedes votre votre vos vos their leur leur leurs leurs 6

TOPIC: ADVERBS

What? (Probably/ quickly) How? o Raremente rarely o Facilement easily

Exceptions:

There are some that do not follow this rule. They are:

Assez Quite

trop Too much

Beaucoup A lot

Ensuite then

Maintenant Now

TOPIC: RELATIVE PRONOUNS

What? A relative pronoun is used to join a clause to a noun in order to give you more information about it. They relate back to somebody or something that has been mentioned previously in the sentence.

E.g͗ The plane which leaǀes at ten o'clock

E.g: The teacher who gave us this homework is mad. How? It follows a noun and the rest of the sentence comes after it.

Examples:

7

Le bus qui va à l'aéroport part de la place

o The bus that goes to airport leaves from the square.

Le prof qui nous a donné les devoirs est fou.

o The teacher who gave us this homework is mad.

La matière que

o The subject that I like is French.

TOPIC: COMPARATIVES.

What? A comparative is when you are comparing two or more things, people, ideas etc.

Comparing more than

(shorter, taller etc) o An adjective would go in between the two words.

Examples:

L'espagnol est plus facile que l'anglais.

o Spanish is easier than English.

Daniel travaille plus vite que moi.

o Daniel works quicker than me.

Some exceptions.

must use the following constructions: meilleur que = better than o En España le café est meilleur que le thé. o In Spain, coffee is better than tea. pire que = worse than o En España le thé est pire que le café o In Spain, tea is worse than coffee. 8

Comparing less than

(shorter, taller etc) o An adjective would go in between the two words.

Example:

L'espagnol est moins difficile que l'anglais.

o Spanish is less difficult than English.

Comparing similarities.

o aussi...que as....as o An adjective would go in between the two words.

Example:

J'Ġcris aussi vite que tu.

o I write as quick as you.

TOPIC: SUPERLATIVOS SUPERLATIVES.

What? A superlative is when you are comparing a thing or person using the

The most

(shorter, taller etc) o Noun +le plus+ adjective =the most/ -est (masculine nouns) o Noun+ la plus+ adjective =the most/ -est (feminine nouns)

Example:

La plage la plus populaire de la région.

o The most popular beach of the area.

The least

taller etc) 9 o Noun +le moins+ adjective =the least/ -est (masculine nouns) o Noun +la moins+ adjective = the least/ -est (feminine nouns)

Example:

La plage la moins populaire de la région.

o The least popular beach of the area.

Exceptions

There are some irregular words which will not follow the rules above.

1. Bueno and malo have irregular comparative and superlative forms

TOPIC: NEGATIVES.

What? In English, the negative form is made by saying not, don't, didn't, won't. between it.

Examples:

Je ne vais pas - I am not going

Je ne parle pas - I don't speak

Bon/ bonne

Bons/bonnes

Meilleur/meilleure

Meilleurs/meilleures

Le meilleur / la

meilleure

Les meilleurs/ les

meilleures good better the best

Mauvais/mauvaise

Mauvais/mauvaises

pire pires

Le/la pire

Les pires

bad worse the worst 10 Some other negative words in French which can be used are: Ne is still needed in front of the verb, which is the followed by the following: plus no more personne no-one, not anybody

Examples:

Je ne fais rien I don't do anything

Je ne parle à personne I don't speak with anyone. Nous ne buvions ni café ni thé We don't drink neither coffee nor tea.

TOPIC : PRONOUNS

What? These are words used in place of noun, to avoid repeating it.

The following are subject pronouns.

Description Use

When talking to one person you know well

(friends/family) Tu When talking to more than one person you Vous

I Je We Nous

You (singular/

friendly)

Tu You (plural/

poilte) Vous

He il They (m) ils

She elle They (f) elles

11 know well (friends/family).

When talking to one person/people you don't

know. Vous

TOPIC : POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

What? Possessive pronouns indicate the owner of something. They are used to avoid repeating the noun. e.g My book is more expensive than your book. e.g My book is more expensive than yours.

Masculine

Singular

Masculine

Plural

Feminine

Singular

Feminine

Plural

mine Le mien Les miens La mienne Les miennes yours Le tien Les tiens La tienne Les tiennes His/hers/ its/ Le sien Les siens la sienne Les siennes Ours Le nôtre Les nôtres La nôtre Les nôtres Yours Le vôtre Les vôtres La vôtre Les vôtres

Theirs

Yours (polite/plural)

Le leur Les leurs La leur Les leurs

12

TOPIC: PRESENT TENSE VERBS

What?

A verb is a doing/action word.

There are 3 main types of verbs in the present tense in Spanish.

ER / IR/ RE.

Formation:

Lets take the verbs:

o PARLER (to speak) o FINIR (to eat) o ATTENDRE (to live). o parl - o fin - o attend-

Add these endings for the correct person.

Person in

English

Person in

French

ER IR RE

I Jeͬ j' E IS S

You Tu ES IS S

He/she/it Il/elle/on E IT

We Nous ONS ISSONS ONS

You (plural

/polite)

Vous EZ ISSEZ EZ

They Ils/elles ENT ISSENT ENT

13

Examples:

Person in

French

Parl- Fin- Attend-

JeͬJ' Parle Finis attends

Tu Parles Finis Attends

Il/elle/on Parle Finit Attend

Nous Parlons Finissons Attendons

Vous Parlez Finissez Attendez

Ils/elles Parlent Finissent attendent

TOPICS: VERBS

Here are some common key verbs in the present tense. They are irregular so you need to learn them by heart. faire = to do/make

Je fais I do / I make

Tu fais You do / You make Singular/friendly

Il/elle fait He /she does/ makes

Nous faissons We do/ we make

Vous faites You do / You make Plural/polite

Ils/elles font They do/make

Avoir = to have

J'ai I have

Tu as You have Singular/friendly

Il/elle/on a He/ she has

Nous avons We have

Vous avez You have Plural/ polite

Ils/elles ont They have

14 aller = to go

Je vais I go

quotesdbs_dbs12.pdfusesText_18
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