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11 juil. 2022 Attributes and Data Mining Techniques. Arezou Siami 1 ... A total of 17 terrain-related attributes were also derived from the digital.
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Collection of data objects and their attributes. • An attribute is a property or characteristic of an object. – Examples: eye color of a person.
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A collection of attributes describe an object. • Attribute values are numbers or symbols assigned to an attribute. Data Mining.
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Data Lecture Notes for Chapter 2 Introduction to Data Mining 2nd
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01/27/20211Introduction to Data Mining, 2nd Edition
Tan, Steinbach, Karpatne, Kumar
Data Mining: Data
Lecture Notes for Chapter 2
Introduction to Data Mining , 2
ndEdition
byTan, Steinbach, Kumar
01/27/20212Introduction to Data Mining, 2nd Edition
Tan, Steinbach, Karpatne, Kumar
Outline
Attributes and Objects
Types of Data
Data Quality
Similarity and Distance
Data Preprocessing
1 2What is Data?
Collection of data objects
and their attributesAn attributeis a property
or characteristic of an object -Examples: eye color of a person, temperature, etc. -Attribute is also known as variable, field, characteristic, dimension, or featureA collection of attributes
describe an object -Object is also known as record, point, case, sample, entity, or instanceTid Refund Marital
Status
Taxable
Income
Cheat1 Yes Single 125K No
2 No Married 100K No
3 No Single 70K No
4 Yes Married 120K No
5 No Divorced 95K Yes
6 No Married 60K No
7 Yes Divorced 220K No
8 No Single 85K Yes
9 No Married 75K No
10 No Single 90K Yes
10Attributes
Objects
01/27/20214Introduction to Data Mining, 2nd Edition
Tan, Steinbach, Karpatne, Kumar
Attribute Values
Attribute valuesare numbers or symbols
assigned to an attribute for a particular object Distinction between attributes and attribute values -Same attribute can be mapped to different attribute valuesExample: height can be measured in feet or meters
-Different attributes can be mapped to the same set of values Example: Attribute values for ID and age are integers -But properties of attribute can be different than the properties of the values used to represent the attribute 3 4Measurement of Length
The way you measure an attribute may not match the attributes properties. 1 2 3 557 8 15 10 4A B C D E
This scale
preserves the ordering and additvity properties of length.This scale preserves only the ordering property of length.01/27/20216Introduction to Data Mining, 2nd Edition
Tan, Steinbach, Karpatne, Kumar
Types of Attributes
There are different types of attributes
-NominalExamples: ID numbers, eye color, zip codes
-Ordinal Examples: rankings (e.g., taste of potato chips on a scale from 1-10), grades, height {tall, medium, short} -Interval Examples: calendar dates, temperatures in Celsius orFahrenheit.
-RatioExamples: temperature in Kelvin, length, counts,
elapsed time (e.g., time to run a race) 5 601/27/20217Introduction to Data Mining, 2nd Edition
Tan, Steinbach, Karpatne, Kumar
Properties of Attribute Values
The type of an attribute depends on which of the following properties/operations it possesses: -Distinctness: = -Order: < > -Differences are+ - meaningful : -Ratios are meaningful -Nominal attribute: distinctness -Ordinal attribute: distinctness & order -Interval attribute: distinctness, order & meaningful differences -Ratio attribute: all 4 properties/operations01/27/20218Introduction to Data Mining, 2nd Edition
Tan, Steinbach, Karpatne, Kumar
Difference Between Ratio and Interval
Is it physically meaningful to say that a
temperature of 10 °is twice that of 5°on -the Celsius scale? -the Fahrenheit scale? -the Kelvin scale?Consider measuring the height above average
-If Bill's height is three inches above average and Bob's height is six inches above average, then would we say that Bob is twice as tall as Bill? -Is this situation analogous to that of temperature? 7 8Attribute
TypeDescription
Examples
Operations
Nominal
Nominal attribute
values only distinguish. (=, ) zip codes, employeeID numbers, eye
color, sex: {male, female} mode, entropy, contingency correlation, 2 testCategorical
Qualitative
Ordinal Ordinal attribute
values also order objects. (<, >) hardness of minerals, {good, better, best}, grades, street numbers median, percentiles, rank correlation, run tests, sign testsInterval For interval
attributes, differences between values are meaningful. (+, - ) calendar dates, temperature inCelsius or Fahrenheit mean, standard
deviation,Pearson's
correlation, t andF tests
Numeric
Quantitative
Ratio For ratio variables,
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