[PDF] APA Style Guide 7th edition (version 22 May 2021)

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APA Style Guide 7th edition (version 22 May 2021)

A. Citing References in the Text

Type of Citation First citation in

text

Subsequent

citations in text

First parenthetical

citation in text

Subsequent

parenthetical citation in text One author Walker (2007) Walker (2007) (Walker, 2007) (Walker, 2007)

Two authors Walker and Allen

(2004)

Walker and Allen

(2004) (Walker & Allen, 2004)
(Walker & Allen, 2004)

Three and more authors Wasserstein et al.

(2005)

Wasserstein et al.

(2005) (Wasserstein et al., 2005)
(Wasserstein et al., 2005)

Groups with abbreviation

National Institute of

Mental Health

(NIMH, 2003)

NIMH (2003)

(National Institute of

Mental Health

[NIMH], 2003) (NIMH, 2003)

Groups without abbreviation University of

Pittsburg (2005)

University of

Pittsburg (2005)

(University of

Pittsburg, 2005)

(University of

Pittsburg, 2005)

Legal or Government

document

European

Commission (2012)

European

Commission (2012)

(European

Commission, 2012)

(European

Commission, 2012)

Unpublished Legal or

Government document

European

Commission (2004)

European

Commission (2004)

(European

Commission, 2004)

(European

Commission, 2004)

Acts (only in USA, Acts from

other countries treat as Legal or Government document)

Mental Health

Systems Act (1988)

Mental Health

Systems Act (1988)

(Mental Health

Systems Act, 1988)

(Mental Health

Systems Act, 1988)

Cases Lessard v. Schmidt

(1975)

Lessard v. Schmidt

(1975) (Lessard v. Schmidt, 1975)
(Lessard v. Schmidt, 1975)

Treaty/Convention/

Pact/Constitution/

International Agreement

Treaty of Amsterdam

(1997)

Treaty of Amsterdam

(1997) (Treaty of

Amsterdam, 1997)

(Treaty of

Amsterdam, 1997)

Official Journal of the

European Union

Commission

Regulation of 10 April

2002 (2002)

Commission

Regulation of 10 April

2002 (2002)

(Commission

Regulation of 10 April

2002, 2002)

(Commission

Regulation of 10 April

2002, 2002)

Reference with single page

number/chapter, etc. Hedetoft (2013, p. 2) Hedetoft (2013, p. 2) (Hedetoft, 2013, p. 2) (Hedetoft, 2013, p. 2)

Reference with page range de Haan (2005, pp.

36-37)

de Haan (2005, pp.

36-37)

(de Haan, 2005, pp.

36-37)

(de Haan, 2005, pp.

36-37)

Reference with several

discontinuous pages

Dahl (2006, pp. 105,

109, 112-114)

Dahl (2006, pp. 105,

109, 112-114)

(Dahl, 2006, pp. 105,

109, 112-114)

(Dahl, 2006, pp. 105,

109, 112-114)

In press/forthcoming Taylor (in press) Taylor (in press) (Taylor, in press) (Taylor, in press)

Same author, two works

from different years Todres (2011, 2012) Todres (2011, 2012) (Todres, 2011, 2012) (Todres, 2011, 2012)

Same author, two works

from same year

Derryberry and Reed

(2005a, 2005b)

Derryberry and Reed

(2005a, 2005b) (Derryberry & Reed,

2005a, 2005b)

(Derryberry & Reed,

2005a, 2005b)

Republished books Fanon (1952/1967) Fanon (1952/1967) (Fanon, 1952/1967) (Fanon, 1952/1967) 2

Newspaper article/

Newsletter (unknown

author)

͞Prairie farmers

reap͟ (2001)

͞Prairie farmers

reap͟ (2001) (͞Prairie farmers reap,͟ 2001) (͞Prairie farmers reap,͟ 2001)

Personal Communication/

Interview/Unpublished

material (phone calls, memos, lecture notes, etc.)

J. Robbins (personal

communication,

January 4, 2001)

J. Robbins (interview,

January 4, 2001)

(J. Robbins, interview,

January 4, 2001)

(J. Robbins, personal communication,

January 4, 2001)

Letters from private

collections (not disclosed to the public) Zacharius (1953) Zacharius (1953) (Zacharius, 1953) (Zacharius, 1953) Archival source with author Hicks (1956) Hicks (1956) (Hicks, 1956) (Hicks, 1956)

Archival source without

author

͞Psychoanalysis

institute,͟ 1948

͞Psychoanalysis

institute,͟ 1948 (͞Psychoanalysis institute,͟ 1948) (͞Psychoanalysis institute,͟ 1948)

Social Media (Facebook,

Twitter) Gaiman (2012) Gaiman (2012) (Gaiman, 2012) (Gaiman, 2012) Dictionary Heuristic (n.d.) Heuristic (n.d.) (Heuristic, n.d.) (Heuristic, n.d.)

Movie Davidson and

Davidson (1999)

Davidson and

Davidson (1999)

(Davidson & Davidson, 1999)
(Davidson &

Davidson, 1999)

Full Special Issue Jenkins and Astley

(2012)

Jenkins and Astley

(2012) (Jenkins & Astley, 2012)
(Jenkins & Astley, 2012)

Full Special Issue (unknown

editors) (2012) (2012) 2012)

Ennui,͟ 2012)

Full Special Section Jenkins and Astley

(2012)

Jenkins and Astley

(2012) (Jenkins & Astley, 2012)
(Jenkins & Astley, 2012)

Full Special Section

(unknown editors)

The German Federal

Constitutional

Judgment (2020)

The German Federal

Constitutional

Judgment (2012)

(The German Federal

PSPP Judgment, 2020)

(The German Federal

PSPP Judgment,

2020)

Secondary source

Wright (as cited in

Bragdon, 2013, p.

223)
cited in Bertram, 2009)
(Wright as cited in

Bragdon, 2013, p.

223)
(Fong, 2003, as cited in Bertram, 2009)

Title of source (part of a

greater whole): journal article, book chapter, etc. ͞The New World of Crises and Crisis Management: Implications for Policymaking and Research͟

Title of source (stand-alone):

journal, book, reports

Journal of European Public Policy

The Role of the Prime Minister in France, 1981ʹ1991

Exceptions:

- Titles of video games - Titles of surveys (unless this is the title of a book) - Names of websites

Idem, ibidem, op. cit. These are not used in APA style. Always use the Author (Year) and (Author, Year) formats.

Important Notes:

1. Each reference cited in text must appear in the reference list and vice-versa.

3

2. When citing two or more works together, arrange the in-text citations alphabetically in the same order in which they

appear in the reference list:

Recent research in developmental psychology has explored this issue (e.g., Bergstrom et al., 2006; Clément, 2010; Harris &

Corriveau, 2011; Harris & Koenig, 2006; Heyman, 2008; Heyman & Legare, in press; Koenig & Harris, 2005).

(Allern & Bale, 2012; Allern et al., 2019) [if the second author's surname in the Allern et al. citation is after Bale]

(Allern et al., 2019; Allern & Bale, 2012) [if the second author's surname in the Allern et al. citation is before Bale]

3. If you want to include several different citations in one set of brackets, they should be in alphabetical order, separated by a

semi-colon: (Durie, 2003; McShane & Travaglione, 2007; Ministry of Education, 1996)

4. To cite more than one work by the same author(s), list the surname of the author(s) and then each different year of

publication, separated by a comma: (Ministry of Education, 1996, 1999)

For groups of authors with the same lead author and different co-authors, also separate the citations with a comma, unless

they have the same year of publication:

Styles can be combined:

(Durie, 2003; Ministry of Education, 1996, 1999; Whiteley et al., 2010)

5. Quoting two almost identical sets of authors with the same year of publication, spell out as many author names as

necessary in the in-text citation to tell them apart:

First citation in text:

(Marewski, Gaissmaier, & Gigerenzer, 2010) (Marewski, Gaissmaier, Schooler, et al., 2010)

Subsequent citations in text:

(Marewski, Gaissmaier, & Gigerenzer, 2010) (Marewski, Gaissmaier, Schooler, et al., 2010)

Notes: Only use ͞et al.͟ if there is more than one author missing from the in-text citation. List as many authors as necessary to

distinguish between references.

6. When citing a multi-volume work that has been published over the course of a number of years, use the date range as the

publication date in both the in-text citation and reference list:

In-text citation:

(World Health Organization, 2000ʹ2006)

Entry in references list:

World Health Organization. (2000ʹ2006). WHO annual report. Geneva: World Health Organization.

7. Citing different authors with the same surname, include the necessary initials after the surname in all in-text citations,

regardless of the year of publication: (L.-J. Chen, 1993) (Y. G. Chen, 2001) (D. Jackson, 2018; M. C. Jackson et al., 2017) 4

Notes: Never include initials for subsequent authors in in-text citations. Entries in the final list of references are written

normally. Names in in-text citations must be organized according to the final list of references. citations, regardless of the year of publication: (Laura Green, 2009) (Lorenzo Green, 2003) (Leonard Green & Myerson, 2013)quotesdbs_dbs9.pdfusesText_15

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