Easy Japanese
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Japanese
practice makes perfect ®191517_00_i-xiv_r2_mr.indd 122/02/14 12:29 AM �is page intentionally le� blankPRACTICE
MAKESPERFECT
BasicJapanese
Eriko sato, PhD
191517_00_i-xiv_r2_mr.indd 322/02/14 12:29 AM
Copyright © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10QVS/QVS
1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4ISBN 978-0-07-180833-0
MHID 0-07-180833-7
e-ISBN 978-0-07-180834-7 e-MHID 0-07-180834-5Library of Congress Control Number
2013934767
McGraw-Hill Education, the McGraw-Hill Education logo, Practice Makes Perfect, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of McGraw-Hill Education and/ or its a�liates in the United States and other countries and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. McGraw-Hill Education is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. McGraw-Hill Education products are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions or for use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative, please visit the Contact Us pages at www.mhprofessional.com. �is book is printed on acid-free paper.191517_00_i-xiv_r2_mr.indd 422/02/14 12:29 am
v contentsIntroduction xiii
1 Let's say and write Japanese words! 1
Basic Japanese sounds and kana characters
1The �rst 10 hiragana
2The second 10 hiragana
4The third 10 hiragana
6The last 16 hiragana
9Basic vocabulary with simple sounds
10Words for body parts
10Words for nature
11Double consonants, long vowels, and family terms
12 Small 12Adding a vowel
12Addressing older family members
12 Diacritics for voiced and plosive sounds and food terms 13Diacritics ʃ and
13Names of Japanese food
14Palatalized sounds 14
Using small
Japanese words you might already know
15Reading basic katakana
15Special katakana combinations
18Country names written in katakana
18Writing sentences 20
Kanji 20
2 Getting to know someone 23
Introducing yourself with
͡Ί·ͯ͠ Hajimemashite 23
Occupational and respectful titles
23Asking
ͲͪΒ͔ΒͰ͔͢ Dochira kara desu ka (Where are you from?) 24The question word
ͲͪΒ dochira and the particle ͔Β kara 24191517_00_i-xiv_r2_mr.indd 522/02/14 12:29 AM
Personal pronouns ͋ͳͨ anata, ࢲ watashi, and boku 24Names for countries, regions, and cities
24Describing the nationality of a person
26To say "x is y" with . . .
waͰ͢ desu 27
To express additional items with . . .
mo 27Nationality
27Languages
27Referring to someone with
͋ͷ ano . . . 29
͋ͷ ano 29
Words for people
29Describing the occupation of a person
29Creating a modi�er using a noun and
no 30Words for occupation
30Words for institutions
30Talking about family members
32Asking questions 33
Asking yes/no questions
33Answering with "yes" or "no"
33Asking "who?"
34Greeting and parting
36Greeting 36
Parting 36
Thanking and apologizing
37Saying "thank you"
37Apologizing 38
Referring to things around you
39Demonstrative adjectives
39Things around you 39
Demonstrative pronouns
͜Ε kore, ͦΕ sore, and ͋Ε are 39
Asking "which?" "what?" and "whose?" 40
The question word
Ͳͷ dono or ͲΕ dore (which) 40
The question word
nani/nan (what) 41The question word
ͩΕͷ dare no (whose) 41
3 Using numbers 44
Numbers from 1 to 10
44Numbers from 11 to 99
45Numbers from 100 to 99,999
46Expressing age with the counter
sai 47Telephone numbers 48
Telling time 50
Counters for time:
ji and fun 50Relative time expressions
50Daily time frames
51vi Contents
191517_00_i-xiv_r2_mr.indd 622/02/14 12:29 AM
The calendar 53
Days of the week
53Months 53
Days of the month
53Asking "when?" 54
Question word
͍ͭ itsu (when) 55
Japanese national holidays
55Asking "how much?" at a store
57Things you might buy at an electronics store
57Asking "how much?" with
͍͘Β ikura 57
Shopping by saying . . .
Λ͍ͩ͘͞ o kudasai 58
Listing nouns with
to 58Asking "how many?" with counters
59Using number phrases in a sentence
59Frequently used counters 59
4 around town 63
Basic verb forms and verb classes
63Dictionary and
masu forms of verbs 63 ru and u verbs 63Frequently used verbs 65
Going to the supermarket
68Showing the destination with
ni or e 68The polite non-past negative suf�x
The negative scope marker
wa 68Places around town
68Stores: . . .
ya 69Asking "where?" and saying
anywhere, somewhere, and nowhere 70Asking "where?"
70Existential pronouns
71Negative pronouns
71Habitual actions
73Asking about habitual actions with
Α͘ yoku (often) 73
Frequency adverbs
73Making suggestions
74Specifying an absolute time with
ni 75Saying
approximately 75Expressing the purpose of going with . . .
Transportation 77
Specifying the form of transportation with
de 77Words for transportation 77
Counters for hours and minutes
78Sentence-ending particles
ne and Α yo 78Contents vii
191517_00_i-xiv_r2_mr.indd 722/02/14 12:29 AM
5 Talking about activities 81
recurring activities 81Words for proportional frequency
81The direct object marker
o 81Daily routines
81specifying the location of activities with de 82
Activities on weekends
82The verb
to play 83Identifying the action performer
86specifying the action performer with the subject marker ga 86 specifying the accompanying action performer with to 87
Talking about the past
89The conjunctions
ͦΕ͔Β sorekaraɼͰ demoɼandͰ͔͢Βdesukara 89
Expressing your plans
90ͭΓͰ͢ tsumori desu 90
Nai form 91
Telling what you can do: Potential form
92Making requests
94Te form 95
requesting with . . .͍ͯͩ͘͞ te kudasai 95
Talking about "now" with . . .
͍ͯΔ te iru 97
Progressive state
97Habitual state 97
resulting state 97Adverbs for intervals
98Adverbs for the aspects of an action
986 Talking about people and things and their
locations 101Existential verbs
͋Δ aru, ͍Δ iru, and
irassharu 101Pronouns for locations
102Animals 102
Plants 102
ʹ() . . . ͕͋Γ·͢ʗ͍·͢ . . . ni (wa) . . . ga arimasu/imasu 102 ʹ͋Γ·͢ʗ͍·͢ . . . wa . . . ni arimasu/imasu 103In a house
105rooms and areas in a house 105
Household items 106
Things in a bedroom
106Expressing where things are
108relative location words 108 compass directions 109 viii contents
191517_00_i-xiv_r2_mr.indd 822/02/14 12:29 AM
Giving directions 111
Useful landmarks for giving directions 111
Actions needed for giving directions
111Marking the area covered by movement with
o 111Marking the direction with
ni 111The conjunction
The ordinal counter creator . . .
me 112Expressing human relationships
113Expressing events and incidents
115Words for scheduled events
116Words for accidents, incidents, and disasters
116The conjunction
ͦΕͰ sorede (as a result) 116
7 Describing things 119
Adjective types
119Describing buildings and rooms
120Adjectives in the non-past forms
120Describing buildings 121
Describing rooms
121Encouraging someone to do something with
Entering your friend's house with
͓͡Ό·͠·͢ ojamashimasu 121
Character of a person
123Personality 123
Question words for state:
Adverbs of degree
124Appearance of a person
126Double subject 126
Words for describing the appearance of people
126Language learning 128
Expressing degree of dif�culty with . . .
ʹ͍͘ nikui and
. . . ͍͢yasui 128Words for describing courses
128The conjunction
ͦΕʹ soreni 129
Deciding on a travel destination
130Sightseeing attractions 130
Description of places
130Seasons and climates
130Listing examples with
ya 130Places you may visit in Japan
131Describing a meal at a restaurant
132Adjectives in the past tense
132Words for ethnic cuisine
132Words for tastes
132Contents ix
191517_00_i-xiv_r2_mr.indd 922/02/14 12:29 AM
Preferences and skills 134
Indicating what you like and dislike with
ga 134Words for preferences
134Nominalizing a verb with
no 134Words for skills
134Saying what you want
136Expressing desire with
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