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Breeding Latin American Tigers

OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLES

FOR REHABILITATING

INDUSTRIAL POLICIES

Robert Devlin

Graciela MoguillanskyPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized 65655

Breeding Latin American Tigers

Breeding Latin

American Tigers

OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLES FOR

REHABILITATING INDUSTRIAL

POLICIES

Robert Devlin

Graciela Moguillansky

a copublication of the united nations economic commission for latin america and the caribbean and the world bank © 2011 United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)

All rights reserved

1 2 3 4 14 13 12 11

A copublication of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and the

World Bank

ECLAC The World Bank

Vitacura 7636412 Washington DC 20433

Santiago, Chile

The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean.

Rights and Permissions

The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: 978-750-8400; fax: 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com.

All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office

of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-

2422; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org.

ISBN: 978-0-8213-8688-0

eISBN: 978-0-8213-8744-3

DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8688-0

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been applied for.

Cover design by Drew Fasick.

v

Latin American

Development Forum Series

This series was created in 2003 to promote debate, disseminate information and analysis, and convey the excitement and complexity of the most topical issues in economic and social development in Latin America and the Carib- bean. It is sponsored by the Inter-American Development Bank, the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, the Brookings Institution, and the World Bank. The manuscripts chosen for publication represent the highest quality in each institution"s research and activity output and have been selected for their relevance to the academic community, policy makers, researchers, and interested readers.

Advisory Committee Members

Alicia Bárcena Ibarra, Executive Secretary, Economic Commission for

Latin America and the Caribbean, United Nations

Inés Bustillo, Director, Washington Office, Economic Commission for

Latin America and the Caribbean, United Nations

Mauricio Cárdenas, Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution Augusto de la Torre, Chief Economist, Latin America and the Caribbean

Region, World Bank

Francisco H. G. Ferreira, Deputy Chief Economist, Latin America and the

Caribbean Region, World Bank

Santiago Levy, Vice President for Sectors and Knowledge, Inter-American

Development Bank

Eduardo Lora, Chief Economist (a.i.) and General Manager, Research

Department, Inter-American Development Bank

Ernesto Schargrodsky, Dean, Business School at the Universidad Torcuato di Tella, Argentina Luis Servén, Senior Adviser, Development Economics Vice Presidency,

World Bank

Andrés Velasco, Cieplan, Chile

vii

Titles in the Latin

American Development

Forum Series

Breeding Latin American Tigers: Operational Principles for Rehabilitating Industrial Policies (2011) by Robert Devlin and Graciela Moguillansky New Policies for Mandatory Defined Contribution Pensions: Indus- trial Organization Models and Investment Products (2010) by Gregorio Impavido, Esperanza Lasagabaster, and Manuel García-Huitrón The Quality of Life in Latin American Cities: Markets and Perception (2010) by Eduardo Lora, Andrew Powell, Bernard M. S. van Praag, and

Pablo Sanguinetti, editors

Discrimination in Latin America: An Economic Perspective (2010) by Hugo Ñopo, Alberto Chong, and Andrea Moro, editors The Promise of Early Childhood Development in Latin America and the Caribbean (2010) by Emiliana Vegas and Lucrecia Santibáñez Job Creation in Latin America and the Caribbean: Trends and Policy Challenges (2009) by Carmen Pagés, Gaëlle Pierre, and Stefano Scarpetta China's and India's Challenge to Latin America: Opportunity or Threat? (2009) by Daniel Lederman, Marcelo Olarreaga, and Guillermo E. Perry, editors Does the Investment Climate Matter? Microeconomic Foundations of Growth in Latin America (2009) by Pablo Fajnzylber, José Luis Guasch, and J. Humberto López, editors Measuring Inequality of Opportunities in Latin America and the Caribbean (2009) by Ricardo de Paes Barros, Francisco H. G. Ferreira, José R. Molinas Vega, and Jaime Saavedra Chanduvi viii titles in the series The Impact of Private Sector Participation in Infrastructure: Lights, Shadows, and the Road Ahead (2008) by Luis Andres, José Luis Guasch,

Thomas Haven, and Vivien Foster

Remittances and Development: Lessons from Latin America (2008) by Pablo Fajnzylber and J. Humberto López, editors Fiscal Policy, Stabilization, and Growth: Prudence or Abstinence? (2007) by Guillermo Perry, Luis Servén, and Rodrigo Suescún, editors Raising Student Learning in Latin America: Challenges for the 21 st

Century

(2007) by Emiliana Vegas and Jenny Petrow Investor Protection and Corporate Governance: Firm-Level Evidence across Latin America (2007) by Alberto Chong and Florencio López-de-

Silanes, editors

Natural Resources: Neither Curse nor Destiny (2007) by Daniel Leder- man and William F. Maloney, editors The State of State Reform in Latin America (2006) by Eduardo Lora, editor Emerging Capital Markets and Globalization: The Latin American Experience (2006) by Augusto de la Torre and Sergio L. Schmukler Beyond Survival: Protecting Households from Health Shocks in Latin America (2006) by Cristian C. Baeza and Truman G. Packard Beyond Reforms: Structural Dynamics and Macroeconomic Vulnerability (2005) by José Antonio Ocampo, editor Privatization in Latin America: Myths and Reality (2005) by Alberto

Chong and Florencio López-de-Silanes, editors

Keeping the Promise of Social Security in Latin America (2004) by Inder- mit S. Gill, Truman G. Packard, and Juan Yermo Lessons from NAFTA: For Latin America and the Caribbean (2004) by Daniel Lederman, William F. Maloney, and Luis Servén The Limits of Stabilization: Infrastructure, Public Deficits, and Growth in Latin America (2003) by William Easterly and Luis Servén, editors titles in the series ix Globalization and Development: A Latin American and Caribbean Per- spective (2003) by José Antonio Ocampo and Juan Martin, editors Is Geography Destiny? Lessons from Latin America (2003) by John Luke

Gallup, Alejandro Gaviria, and Eduardo Lora

xi

About the Authors

The research and writing for this book was done while Robert Devlin was a Senior Economist and Regional Advisor at ECLAC (he is currently Director of the Department for Effective Public Management at the Organization of American States) and while Graciela Moguillansky was a Senior Economist in ECLAC"s International Trade and Integration Division (she is currently an international consultant). xiii

Contents

Foreword

xvii

Acknowledgments

xxi

Abbreviations

xxiii

Introduction 1

PART I: Operational Principles for Effective Public

Management of Industrial Policies

7

1 The Latin American Laggards 9

The Elusive Path to Convergence

9

The Latin American Reformers: Did the

Washington Consensus Help or Hamper Growth?

13 Characteristics Underpinning Latin American Growth:

A Brief Overview of the Stylized Facts

16

2 The First Principle: Medium- to Long-Term

Development Strategies Supported by Industrial

Policies Can Foster Economic Catch-Up

35

The Character of Development Strategies:

An Initial Snapshot

35

Opting for the Industrial Policy Approach:

The Power of Association

39

More on Why We Think Medium- to Long-Term

Development Strategies with Industrial

Policies Are Important for Latin America

41

Development Strategies in Practice

46

Ten Extraregional Success Cases

46

The Strategies: Stylized Facts

49

Four Strategic Orientations

55

Annex 2A Strategies in the Selected Countries

60
xiv contents

3 The Second Principle: Create Public-Private

Alliances for Effective Development Strategies

and Industrial Policies 79

The Scope of Public-Private Alliances

82

Alliances in the 10 Success Cases

83

Consensus Building

88

Alliances in Practice

90

A Snapshot of the Nature of Three Alliances

90

A Closer Look at the Achievements and

Limitations of the Irish Alliance

92

4 Operational Principles for Supporting

Public Sector Leadership 105

The Third Principle: Give the Baton to the

“Real" Sector Ministries

106

The Fourth Principle: Promote Medium- and

Long-Term Policy Strategic Thinking

110

The Finnish Example

111

Foresight Analysis in Other Success Cases

112
The Fifth Principle: Each Priority Area or Activity in a Strategy Should Have at Least One Dedicated

Implementing Agency

113
The Sixth Principle: The More Structured and Specific a Strategy, the Greater the Need for Coordination among Ministries and Agencies and the More Likely

Cabinet-Level Coordination Will Not Be Enough

116

Seventh Principle: For Medium- and Long-Term

Strategies to Be Effective, Public Sector Personnelquotesdbs_dbs32.pdfusesText_38

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