[PDF] Keystone Biology Item Sampler 2019-2020

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Pennsylvania

Keystone Exams

Biology

Item and Scoring Sampler

2019
Pennsylvania Keystone Biology Item and Scoring Sampler—September 2019ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INFORMATION ABOUT BIOLOGY

Introduction

...............1

About the Keystone Exams

.1

Alignment

............1

Depth of Knowledge

..2

Exam Format

..........2

Item and Scoring Sampler Format

Biology Exam Directions

...4 General Description of Scoring Guidelines for Biology

BIOLOGY MODULE 1

Multiple-Choice Questions

.6

Constructed-Response Item

Item-Specific Scoring Guideline

Constructed-Response Item

Item-Specific Scoring Guideline

Biology Module 1 - Summary Data

BIOLOGY MODULE 2

Multiple-Choice Questions

Constructed-Response Item

Item-Specific Scoring Guideline

Constructed-Response Item

Item-Specific Scoring Guideline

Biology Module 2 - Summary Data

Pennsylvania Keystone Biology Item and Scoring Sampler—September 20191

INFORMATION ABOUT BIOLOGY

INTRODUCTION

delivering focused instructional programs aligned to the Pennsylvania Core Standards. These tools include

the standards, Assessment Anchor documents, Keystone Exams Test Definition, Classroom Diagnostic Tool, Standards Aligned System, and content-based item and scoring samplers. This 201

9 Biology Item and

Scoring Sampler is a useful tool for Pennsylvania educators in preparing students for the Keystone Exams.

This Item and Scoring Sampler contains released operational multiple-choice and constructed-response items that have appeared on previously administered Keystone Exams. These items will not appear on

any future Keystone Exams. Released items provide an idea of the types of items that have appeared on

operational exams and that will appear on future operational Keystone Exams. Each item has been through a

rigorous review process to ensure alignment with the Assessment Anchors and Eligible Content. This sampl

er includes items that measure a variety of Assessment Anchor or Eligible Content statements, but it does not include sample items for all Assessment Anchor or Eligible Content state ments.

The items in this sampler may be used as examples for creating assessment items at the classroom level and

may be copied and used as part of a local instructional program. 1

Classroom teachers may find it beneficial

to have students respond to the constructed-response items in this sampler. Educators can then use the

sampler as a guide to score the responses either independently or together with colleagues.

This Item and Scoring Sampler is available in Braille format. For more information regarding Braille,

call (717) 901-2238.

ABOUT THE KEYSTONE EXAMS

Biology, and Literature. For detailed information about how the Keystone Exams are being integrated into the

Pennsylvania graduation requirements, please contact the Pennsylvania Department of Education or visit

the

PDE website at http://www.education.pa.gov.

Alignment

two modules

Processes and Module 2 - Continuity and Unity of Life. Each module corresponds to specific content, aligned

to statements and specifications included in the course-specific Assessm ent Anchor documents. The Biology content included in the Keystone Biology multiple-choice questions will align with the Assessment Anchors

as defined by the Eligible Content statements. The process skills, directives, and action statements will also

specifically align with the Assessment Anchors as defined by the Eligibl e Content statements.

The content included in Biology constructed-response items aligns with content included in the Eligible

Content statements. The process skills, directives, and action statements included in the performance

demands of the Biology constructed-response items align with specifications included in the Assessment

Anchor statements, the Anchor Descriptor statements, and/or the Eligible

Content statements. In other words,

the verbs or action statements used in the constructed-response items or stems can come from the Eligible

Content, Anchor Descriptor, or Assessment Anchor statements. 1 The permission to copy and/or use these materials does not extend to com mercial purposes. Pennsylvania Keystone Biology Item and Scoring Sampler—September 20192

INFORMATION ABOUT BIOLOGY

Depth of Knowledge

Webb's Depth of Knowledge (DOK) was created by Dr. Norman Webb of the Wisconsin Center for Education

Research. Webb's definition of DOK is the cognitive expectation demanded by standards, curricular activities,

and assessment tasks. Webb's DOK includes four levels, from the lowest (recall) level to the highest (extended

thinking) level.

Depth of Knowledge

Level 1Recall

Level 2Basic Application of Skill/Concept

Level 3Strategic Thinking

Level 4Extended Thinking

Each Keystone item has been through a rigorous review process and is assigned a DOK level. For additional

information about DOK, please visit the PDE website at http://www.pdesas.org/Static/StaticContent/ _Complexity.pdf.

Exam Format

The Keystone Exams are delivered in a paper-and-pencil format as well as in a computer-based online format.

The multiple-choice questions require students to select the best answer from four possible answer options

and record their answers in the spaces provided. The correct answer for each multiple-choice question is

worth onepoint. The constructed-response items require students to develop and write (or construct) their

responses. Constructed-response items in Biology are scored using item-specific scoring guidelines based

on a 0-3-point scale. Each multiple-choice question is designed to ta ke about one minute to one-and-a-half

minutes to complete. Each constructed-response item is designed to take about eight minutes to complete.

The estimated time to respond to a test question is the same for both test formats. During an a ctual exam administration, students are given additional time as necessary to complete the exam. Pennsylvania Keystone Biology Item and Scoring Sampler—September 20193

INFORMATION ABOUT BIOLOGY

ITEM AND SCORING SAMPLER FORMAT

This sampler includes the test directions and scoring guidelines that appear in the Keystone Exams. Each

sample multiple-choice question is followed by a table that includes the alignment, the answer key, the DOK,

the percentage 2 of students who chose each answer option, and a brief answer option ana lysis or rationale. Each constructed-response item is followed by a table that includes the item alignment, th e DOK, and the

mean student score. Additionally, each of the included item-specific scoring guidelines is combined with

sample student responses representing each score point to form a practical, item-specific scoring guide. The

General Description of Scoring Guidelines for Biology used to develop the item-specific scoring guidelines

should be used if any additional item-specific scoring guidelines are created for use within local instructional

programs.

Item Information

AlignmentAssigned AAEC

Answer KeyCorrect Answer

Depth of KnowledgeAssigned DOK

p-value APercentage of students who selected option A p-value BPercentage of students who selected option B p-value CPercentage of students who selected option C p-value DPercentage of students who selected option D Option AnnotationsBrief answer option analysis or rationale

AlignmentAssigned AAECDepth of Knowledge

Assigned

DOK

Mean Score

2 All p-value percentages listed in the item information tables have been rounded. Pennsylvania Keystone Biology Item and Scoring Sampler—September 20194

INFORMATION ABOUT BIOLOGY

BIOLOGY EXAM DIRECTIONS

Directions:

Multiple-Choice Questions:

•Read each question, and choose the correct answer. •Only one of the answers provided is correct. •Record your answer in the Biology answer booklet.

Constructed-Response Questions:

•Be sure to read the directions carefully. •You cannot receive the highest score for a constructed-response question without following all directions. •If the question asks you to do multiple tasks, be sure to complete all tasks. •If the question asks you to explain, be sure to explain. If the question asks you to analyze, describe, or compare, be sure to analyze, describe, or compare. •All responses must be written in the appropriate location within the response box in the Biology answer booklet. If you use scratch paper to write your draft, be sure to transfer your final response to the Biology answer document. In addition, a module may also include scenarios. A scenario contains te xt, graphics, charts, and/or tables

describing a biological concept, an experiment, or other scientific research. You can use the information

contained in a scenario to answer certain exam questions. Before responding to any scenario questions,

be sure to study the entire scenario and follow the directions for the scenario. You may refer back to the

scenario at any time when answering the scenario questions. If you finish early, you may check your work in Module 1 [or Module 2] only. •Do not look ahead at the questions in Module 2 [or back at the questions in Module 1] of your exam materials. •After you have checked your work, close your exam materials. You may refer to this page at any time during this portion of the exam. Pennsylvania Keystone Biology Item and Scoring Sampler—September 20195

INFORMATION ABOUT BIOLOGY

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF SCORING GUIDELINES FOR BIOLOGY

3 Points

•The response demonstrates a thorough

•The response provides a clear, complete, and correct response as required by the task(s). The response may contain a minor blemish or omission in work or explanation t

hat does not detract from demonstrating a thorough understanding.

2 Points

•The response demonstrates a partial

•The response is somewhat correct with partial understanding of the required scientific content, concepts, and/or procedures demonstrated and/or explained. The response may contain some work that is incomplete or unclear.

1 Point

•The response demonstrates a minimal

•The response is somewhat correct with minimal understanding of the required scientific content, concepts, and/or procedures demonstrated and/or explained. The response may contain some work that is incomplete or unclear.

0 Points

•The response provides insufficient

•The response may show only information copied or rephrased from the question or insufficient correct information to receive a score of 1.

Special Categories within zero reported separately: Blank Blank, entirely erased, entirely crossed out, or consists entirely of whitespace

Refusal

Refusal to respond to the task

Off Task

Makes no reference to the item but is not an intentional refusal

Foreign Language

Written entirely in a language other than English

Illegible

.............................Illegible or incoherent Pennsylvania Keystone Biology Item and Scoring Sampler—September 20196 1

BiologyMODULE1

BIOLOGY MODULE 1

MULTIPLECHOICE QUESTIONS

1. all organisms? A. O 2 B. CO 2 C. ATP D. NaCl

Item Information

BIO.A.1.1.1

Answer KeyC

Depth of Knowledge2

p20% p16% p60% (correct answer) p4% Option AnnotationsA. Anaerobic organisms can function without oxygen. B. Carbon dioxide is not a necessary input for all organisms. C. Key: ATP is the essential molecule for transferring chemical energy within all cells. D. Sodium chloride is not a necessary input for all organisms. Pennsylvania Keystone Biology Item and Scoring Sampler—September 20197 1

BiologyMODULE1

2. Which statement best compares eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells? A. Eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells. B. Prokaryotic cells are more complex than eukaryotic cells. C. Prokaryotic cells contain a distinct central organelle, and eukaryotic cells do not. D. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, and prokaryotic cells do not.

Item Information

AlignmentBIO.A.1.2.1

Answer KeyD

Depth of Knowledge2

-value A7% -value B15% -value C16% -value D62% (correct answer) Option AnnotationsA. Most eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells. B. Prokaryotic cells are less complex than eukaryotic cells. C. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus or distinct central organelle. D. Key: Membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts are not found in prokaryotes. Pennsylvania Keystone Biology Item and Scoring Sampler—September 20198 1

BiologyMODULE1

3. Lungs and capillaries both have porous linings that allow certain substances to move into or out of the structures. Which function do these porous linings most likely serve in living organisms? A. heat release B. gas exchange C. carbohydrate absorption D. osmotic pressure regulation

Item Information

AlignmentBIO.A.1.2.2

Answer KeyB

Depth of Knowledge2

-value A12% -value B53% (correct answer) -value C17% -value D18% Option AnnotationsA. Heat release occurs primarily through outer structures, such as skin. B. Key: Oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules are transferred into and out of capillaries in the lungs. C. Carbohydrate absorption occurs primarily in the small intestine. D. Osmotic pressure is the force of water in a plant's central vacuole. Pennsylvania Keystone Biology Item and Scoring Sampler—September 20199 1

BiologyMODULE1

4. Which property of water is most responsible for plants being able to transport water from their roots to their leaves? A. the attraction between molecules B. a capacity to dissolve many substances C. the ability to form a low-density crystalline structure when frozen D. a capacity to absorb large amounts of energy as temperature increases

Item Information

AlignmentBIO.A.2.1.1

Answer KeyA

Depth of Knowledge2

-value A68% (correct answer) -value B8% -value C6% -value D18% Option AnnotationsA. Key: Hydrogen bonds form between water molecules, and capillary action draws the water up the roots and stem to leaves. B. Water is not transported by dissolving substances. C.

Water is not transported by being frozen.

D. Having a high heat capacity is not responsible for transporting water. Pennsylvania Keystone Biology Item and Scoring Sampler—September 201910 1

BiologyMODULE1

5. The element carbon has multiple bonding patterns. Which bonding pattern cannot be formed by carbon? A. C - C B.

C - C - C

C. CCC D. CCC

Item Information

AlignmentBIO.A.2.2.1

Answer KeyD

Depth of Knowledge2

p-value A21% p-value B8% p-value C10% p-value D61% (correct answer) Option AnnotationsA. Carbon can form single bonds with one other carbon atom. B. Carbon can form single bonds with two other carbon atoms. C. Carbon can form two double bonds with two other carbon atoms. D. Key: Carbon has only four valence electrons and the pattern shown would require six valence electrons. Pennsylvania Keystone Biology Item and Scoring Sampler—September 201911 1

BiologyMODULE1

6. Which process best describes the assembly of proteins from amino acids? A.

Atoms are linked to form a compound.

B.

Monomers are linked to form a polymer.

C. Atoms are added to a monomer until it becomes a polymer. D. Molecules are added to a compound until it becomes a monomer.

Item Information

AlignmentBIO.A.2.2.2

Answer KeyB

Depth of Knowledge2

-value A16% -value B61% (correct answer) -value C13% -value D10% Option AnnotationsA. Amino acids, not atoms, are complex molecules. B. Key: Amino acids are monomers that link together to form complex protein polymers. C. Adding atoms to a monomer does not make it a polymer. D.

Proteins are polymers, not monomers.

Pennsylvania Keystone Biology Item and Scoring Sampler—September 201912 1

BiologyMODULE1

7. Which statement best compares a carbohydrate and a nucleic acid? A. The sequence of monomers in a carbohydrate stores genetic information, and the bonds in a nucleic acid store energy. B. The bonds in a carbohydrate store energy, and the sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid stores genetic information. C. A carbohydrate has a unique structure to assist diffusion across a plasma membrane, and a nucleic acid has a unique structure to assist chemical reactions. D. A carbohydrate has a unique structure to assist chemical reactions, and a nucleic acid has a unique structure to assist diffusion across a plasma membrane.

Item Information

AlignmentBIO.A.2.2.3

Answer KeyB

Depth of Knowledge2

-value A9% -value B58% (correct answer) -value C21% -value D12% Option AnnotationsA. Monomers of carbohydrates store energy in their bonds. The sequence of nucleotides stores genetic information. B. Key: Energy is stored in the bonds of carbohydrates such as glucose. The genetic code of DNA is determined by the sequence of nucleic acid monomers called nucleotides. C. Channel proteins, not carbohydrates, help facilitate diffusion. Enzymes, not nucleic acids, assist in chemical reactions. D. Enzymes, not carbohydrates, assist in chemical reactions. Channel proteins, not nucleic acids, help facilitate diffusion. Pennsylvania Keystone Biology Item and Scoring Sampler—September 201913 1

BiologyMODULE1

8. Each cell in the human body contains thousands of different enzymes responsible for regulating reactions within the cell. Which statement explains why a single enzyme i s unable to regulate a variety of reactions? A. The binding of a product and an enzyme is specific. B. The binding of a substrate and an enzyme is specific. C. The enzyme is consumed by the products of the reactions. D. The enzyme is consumed by the substrates of the reactions.

Item Information

AlignmentBIO.A.2.3.1

Answer KeyB

Depth of Knowledge2

-value A16% -value B51% (correct answer) -value C16% -value D17% Option AnnotationsA. The enzyme binds to the substrate and releases the product. B. Key: The active site on an enzyme fits only a specific substrate. C. The enzyme is a catalyst, and catalysts are not consumed in a reaction. D. The enzyme is a catalyst, and catalysts are not consumed in a reaction. Pennsylvania Keystone Biology Item and Scoring Sampler—September 201914 1

BiologyMODULE1

9.

Use the drawing below to answer the question.

Paramecium

best A.

ATP provides the energy to move cilia.

B.

ATP stores the genetic code for replication.

C. ATP signals the presence of other nearby organisms. D.quotesdbs_dbs21.pdfusesText_27

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