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  • Comment Descartes Met-il en scène sa méditation ?

    La première Méditation précise le projet de Descartes ainsi que sa méthode: la recherche d'une connaissance sûre et certaine constitue le but de sa recherche et pour y parvenir Descartes met en œuvre un doute méthodique. S'il existe une connaissance qui résiste à tout doute, elle pourra être considérée comme véritable.

  • Pourquoi Descartes doute il dans les Méditations métaphysiques ?

    Le doute dans les Méditations métaphysiques. Pour s'assurer de la solidité de nos connaissances, il nous faut trouver une bonne fois pour toutes un fondement inébranlable à partir duquel nous pourrions déduire tout le reste.

  • Quels sont les principes de la philosophie de Descartes ?

    Descartes pose donc comme fondement de sa philosophie le fameux cogito ergo sum. Le fait de penser est un principe premier, qui se substitue à la cause première de la pensée scolastique. Le projet cartésien est un projet de science universelle reposant sur de nouveaux principes philosophiques fondés sur la raison.
  • le premier principe est que notre âme existe, à cause qu'il n'y a rien dont l'existence nous soit plus notoire ». 6 Ce dernier texte se réfère manifestement au Cogito- premier principe, l'âme étant identique pour Descartes à la pensée. 1.
EDMUND HUSSERL

EDMUNDHUSSERL

Cartesian

Meditations

ANINTRODUCTIONTO

PHENOMENOLOGY

Translatedby

DORIONCAIRNS

MARTINUSNIJHOFFPUBLISHERS

CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

EDMUNDHUSSERL

CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

ANINTRODUCTIONTOPHENOMENOLOGY

Translatedby

DORIONCAIRNS

Seventhimpression

MARTINUSNIJHOFFPUBLISHERS

THEHAGUE/BOSTON/LONDONr

Distributor's

fortheUnitedStatesandCanada

KluwerBoston.Inc.

190OldDerbyStreet

Hingham,MA02043

USA forallothercountries

KluwerAcademicPublishersGroup

DistributionCenter

P.O.Box322

3300AHDordrecht

TheNetherlands

Firstpublishedin1960

Seventhimpression1982

ISBN90-247-0068-x

PRINTEDINTHENETHERLANDS

NOTE beentranslatedinfootnotes.

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

calreflection1 ofanabsolutegroundingofscience7

5.Evidenceandtheideaofgenuinescience11

itself14 ....18 dentalturn23 transcendencyoftheworld25

PERIENCELAIDOPENINRESPECTOFITSUNIVERSAL

STRUCTURES

15.Naturalandtranscendentalreflection33

egocogito37

VII!CONTENTS

ness39

ANDACTUALITY

titles"reason"and'"unreason"56 evidence57

25.Actualityandquasi-actuality58

tutivelyforthesense"existingobject"60 dence61

HIMSELF

makinguphislife65

32.TheEgoassubstrateofhabitualities66

problemofhisself-constitution67 method.Transcendentalanalysisaseidetic69

CONTENTSIX

subjecttoeideticlaws73

38.Activeandpassivegenesis77

"egocogito"astranscendantalidealism83

FIFTHMEDITATION.UNCOVERINGOFTHESPHEREOF

TRANSCENDENTALBEINGASMONADOLOGICALINTER-

SUBJECTIVITY

entailssolipsism89 oftheexperienceofsomeoneelse90 ofownness92 myownness99 denceandprimordialworld103 transcendency105

XCONTENTS

ofmyexperienceofsomeoneelse112 styleofverification113

Other116

Iexperiencesomeoneelse117

munity128 dentalexplication131 roundingworld131 encingsomeoneelse139 andtheirphenomenologicalclarification141 someoneelse148

CONCLUSION

knowledge ,151

64.Concludingword152

INTRODUCTION<43>

LDescartes*Meditationsastheprototype

ofphilosophicalreflection. trinalcontentoftheCartesianphilosophy. phenomenologyoriginate. p.XXIIL

2CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

whichaloneaphilosophycangroworiginally.2 caractereabsolu".

1904,Part2,pp.1-20).

everygenuinescientist.

INTRODUCTION3

thatareimmanent,or"innate",inthepureego. ego(spelledwithasmallletter). sentence,theGermanwordisgiveninbrackets.

4CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

2.Thenecessityofaradicalnewbeginning

ofphilosophy. forces? areallsummonedtocollaborate?

INTRODUCTION5

withoutcoherence1 .Insteadofaseriousdiscussionamong havedescribedit.

CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

losophizing? ledtotranscendentalphenomenology. clarifiedandavoidedaswepursueourcourse.

FIRSTMEDITATION

THEWAYTOTHETRANSCENDENTALEGO

ofanabsolutelgroundingofscience matelyanall-embracingscience.

But,nowjihat^^

iL^ shajl^ksj^Isitalegitimatefinalidea,the whereas,logic gtthesciencesoverthrowninoverthrowing,

Descart^himselfpresupposed,.

science.Asafateful/prejudicejthfe^j^ ^determines_the..M^UMa

8CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

geometricalknowledge.1 everhavesuchanideal. becarefulabouthowjjire^

2E^P^^not

mijBreii|pp,Qse,,ev ien withwhatisintrinsicallyfirst? howitcanbeactualized.3WfiJakJth&^ aThissentencemarkedfordeletion.

Philosophyratherthantoidea.

FIRSTMEDITATION

inpurmeditations.We^cons^^ taenj^ons^ho^v^tjnight .....be

Tobesure,wegetintowhat

patience.

4.Uncoveringthefinalsenseofscience

asavaguegenerality.!2iJSnu^^^ i-e-theObjectivelydocumented stillundisclosed,preciselyinthisclaim. j^^from. c'immersingourselves^

1injthg

^i*we(fo if_weimmerseourseh^^ tentionofscientificendea^^ firstthedijferentiat^

French;*'St,agiss&ntdelasorte".

10CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

FIRSTMEDITATION11

distancefromaffairs. idealgoal./

5.Evidenceandtheideaofgenuinescience.

12CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

doesifa"philosophy

1'ispossibleandinquestion.Accordingto

theirbasis"inthenatureofthingsthemselves 1

FIRSTMEDITATION13

nothing. acquirebyourselves."

14CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

whichweshallapplyconsistentlyfromnowon. havinganysense. evidencethatisapodicticandfirstinitself.

FIRSTMEDITATION15

characterizedinthefollowingmanner: tiiJ^^^rath hiesrM,,,,it

2Thissentencemarkedasunsatisfactory.

16CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

_^^ emP!X:Furthermorethe higherlevel.1 beingthatisfirmlysecured"onceforall' 1 ,orabsolutely,by

FIRSTMEDITATION17

itsinclusionintheCartesianoverthrow,

18CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

missibleprejudices1 ,isnotenough.Theiruniversalbasis,the nomenon. apodictically?Isnot"theworld* 'thenamefortheuniverseof philosophymustbegrounded.3

Frenchtranslation:"entreprise".

antecedenttothebeingoftheworld.

FIRSTMEDITATION19

1 ashuman!

20CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

betakenintoconsideration. translation,simply"experiencing". (philosophical).

FIRSTMEDITATION2!

cogitationes. reduction.4 calltranscendentalpurity.

22CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

FIRSTMEDITATION23

inspiteofsuchpossibledeception?

10.Digression:Descartes'failuretomake

thetranscendentalturn.

24CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

''ex- accordingtoprinciplesinnateintheego. alwaysdeduction.

FIRSTMEDITATION25

transcendentalphilosophy.

Thetranscendencyoftheworld.

26CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

sophical.

SECONDMEDITATION<66>

INRESPECTOFITSUNIVERSALSTRUCTURES

mustarise.

28CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

rulesaprioriforactualities.1/ coveredbytranscendentalknowledge. theminrespectoftheiruniversalproperties. twostages.

30CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

ofaphenomenologicalegology. aInsertedlater.

SECONDMEDITATION31

ourmeditationsfurther.

32CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

onlyasanactuality-phenomenon.

SECONDMEDITATION33

tobearwithinitselfitscogitatum.1

15.Naturalandtranscendentalreflection.

34CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

there 1 11 (be-

SECONDMEDITATION35

ofthisdoweknowanythingaboutit.

36CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

morethanisgenuinelyseen. (Forexample:the"modalitiesofbeing 1 ',likecertainlybeing,

SECONDMEDITATION37

correlatesofmodesofconsciousnessofthem./

38CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

asacomponentoftheworldInaturallyaccept. ternal publishedtextandtypescriptC.

SECONDMEDITATION39

perceivethishouse' 'or"Irememberacertaincommotion :that formbelongingtoconsciousness.

40CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

thedie-perception(forexample :thedie'sshapeorcolor,orone cogitatum.

SECONDMEDITATION41

psychologicaltheory). embracingsynthesisoftranscendentaltime.

42CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

ofconsciousness. ofidentitypossible.

1SuppliediaaccordancewithTypescriptC.

SECONDMEDITATION43

intentionalrelatednesstoitself.

44CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

aInsertedlater.

SECONDMEDITATION45

openness. ities2 "Simple".

46CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

concretelyaccessibletoinvestigation.

SECONDMEDITATION47

Author'smarginalnote:substratum.

48CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

SECONDMEDITATION49

,whichwehave infinitefieldofproblemsonlybythatmethod.

50CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

memoriesandempathies.

SECONDMEDITATION51

regionsforexample :(mere)spatialthing,animatebeing,and denceofobjectiveidentitycanpersist.

52CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

consciousness. asfollows.

SECONDMEDITATION53

their"constitution". thetaskofclarifyingitconstitutionally. struedwiththe"prejudices

11involvedinasetofscientific

54CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

inrespectoftheirpossiblesynthesis. fashion.

SECONDMEDITATION55

THIRDMEDITATION

CONSTITUTIONALPROBLEMS.TRUTHANDACTUALITY

"reason"and"unreason". 1 .Aswe

THIRDMEDITATION57

toalltranscendentalsubjectivity. nologicaltheme. evidence.

58CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

suchasbeingvaluableandbeingmorallygood.

25.Actualityandquasi-actuality.

THIRDMEDITATION59

contrasttothemodesbelongingto 'actuality"(actualbeing, possiblebeingofthecontentinquestion.

60CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

itsultimatetranscendentalbasis. forthesense"existingobject". 11 (asa quiredevidence.

THIRDMEDITATION61

Worldasanidea

62CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

verifyobjectsofexternalexperiencel ,though,tobesure,it indeed:"thisactuallyexisting"world. pletesynthesisofpossibleexperiences. totranscendentalsystemsofevidence.

Typescript^andtheFrenchtranslation.

THIRDMEDITATION63

64CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

temporaldataareconstituted.1 functioningtoo.

FOURTHMEDITATION

TOTHETRANSCENDENTALEGOHIMSELF

uphislife. onlyasitselfthecorrelateofitssystem.

1Thissentencemarkedasunsatisfactory.

2Thisphrasemarkedasunsatisfactory.

66CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

32.TheEgoassubstrateofhabitualities.

Ihave"givenup

1'myconviction.Aftercancellationitisno

FOURTHMEDITATION67

hisself-constitution.

68CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

ofhisposition-taking. formalobject-structure. experientialevidence,as"/myself" .Thisistrueofthetranscen-

FOURTHMEDITATION69

Transcendentalanalysisaseidetic.

ofempiricalxdescriptions. intentionaluncoveringofmy"monad

1'alongthefundamental

"essentiallydetermined

1'forcedthemselvesuponusphrases

1Crossedout.

2Replacedby"transcendental'*.

70CARTFSIANMEDITATIONS

dentalego. quite"optional' siableness1

1Reading,withTypescriptC,thesingular.

FOURTHMEDITATION71

apurepossibility. universal,onethatispure, "unconditioned"thatistosay: madetofittheeidos.

72CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

2Tomeasthemeditatingego3

,guidedbytheideaofa phenomenology)./

FOURTHMEDITATION73

andthusrelativizehim.

74CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

11inapar-

presentsitselfintheessentialform:man4 ("rational"animal). allbecausewemustgain". ego.

4Later:I,theman.

*Later:occursasrelatedtome.

FOURTHMEDITATION75

myego,1constituteshimselfforhimself./ fromnaturalism)2 ,andtospeakofmotivationinthetranscen- givenness. tospeak,theunityofa 'history".Wesaidthattheconstitution (systemsactualizablebytheEgo)3 ,byvirtueofwhichsuchand

1Thisphraseinsertedlater.

2Addedlater.

3Insertedlater.

76CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

oftime",the"ideaofaphysicalthing 1 ',andsoforth.Inphe- iChangedto:areacceptedunities.

FOURTHMEDITATION77

asobviousisessentiallyconstitutedforhim.

38.Activeandpassivegenesis.

1Marginalnote:immanent?

3Insertedlater.

78CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

Ego shallnotspeakuntillater.1/ grasping.

1Thissentencemarkedasunsatisfactory.

thepublishedtextandTypescriptC.

FOURTHMEDITATION79

1continuetheir

1 ',then, ,affecthim,

1Crossedout.

80CARTESIANMEDITATIONS

andsoforth. activity1 lichvorgegebenen"'.

FOURTHMEDITATION81

''psyche" thesystemoftheconcreteApriori. knowledge.quotesdbs_dbs33.pdfusesText_39
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