10th Amendment US Constitution--Reserved Powers
''The Tenth Amendment was intended to confirm the under- standing of the people at the the national political process not through judicially defined.
Federalism the Commerce Clause
https://constitutioncenter.org/media/files/LP_-_CB_-_Federalism
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN
28-Feb-2012 The National Assembly of Pakistan passed the Constitution on 10th ... The Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act 2010 (Act.
Oh What a Truism the Tenth Amendment Is: State Sovereignty
Professor Somin's definition of federalism describes my use of the term and I respectfully quote her: “I focus on constitutional federalism in the narrower
The Tenth Amendment and Local Government
Tenth Amendment endows the people with the right to choose and define their local government. To defend this claim the balance of this Comment.
AP UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS 2007
A common definition is: a constitutional division of power grants or the Tenth Amendment has been used to increase the power of the states relative to ...
14th Amendment US Constitution--Rights Guaranteed Privileges
Congressional Definition of Fourteenth Amendment Rights . States territorial waters or on the high seas.10. In Afroyim v.
Understanding Federalism
Federalism is not specifically defined in the Constitution B. In what ways might the Tenth Amendment influence the interpretation of the.
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN
31-May-2018 10th April 1973
The Original Meaning of an Omission: The Tenth Amendment
Proposed as Amendments in which he explained: "The powers vested in the federal government are particularly defined
![Understanding Federalism Understanding Federalism](https://pdfprof.com/Listes/27/60767-27answerkeys.pdf.pdf.jpg)
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UnderstandingFederalismCenterforLegislativeArchivesNationalArchivesandRecordsAdministrationwww.archives.gov/legislativeWorksheet2Worksheet2Directions:1. Identifythelevelofgovernmentrelevanttoeachexampleandwritetheletterofyourchoiceintheappropriatespaceinthediagramtotheleft.a. Themanysmallchildrenwholiveonyourneighborhoodstreetlovetoplayoutdoors.Unfortunately,thetrafficonyourstreetmovestoofast,creatingasafetyhazard.Youwouldliketohaveasigninstalledwarningdriverstoslowdownandwatchforchildrenatplay.Whichlevelofgovernmentwouldyoucontact?Localb. YouservedintheU.S.ArmyforeightyearsandareplanningtoattendcollegeontheG.I.Bill(acollegescholarshipprovidedbythegovernmenttomilitaryveterans).WhichlevelofgovernmentwouldyoucontacttomakesureyoureceiveyourG.I.Billbenefits?Federalc. YouhavejustmovedfromCasper,WyomingtoTallahassee,Florida,andyouneedadriver'slicense.Whichlevelofgovernmentwouldyoucontact?State2. Writeaone-sentenceexplanationoffederalismbasedonthesethreeexamples.Answersmayvary,butasuccessfulanswerwoulddescribeasystemofoverlappingfederal,stateandlocalgovernments.Thisdiagramshowsthreelevelsofgovernmentwiththecitizenrepresentedbyastar.Eachexampleontherightpresentsasituationthatmightaffect:•peopleinonetownorcounty•peopleinonestate,suchasFloridaorTexas•peoplefromall50statesandtheterritoriesoftheUnitedStates FederalABCStateLocal
UnderstandingFederalismCenterforLegislativeArchivesNationalArchivesandRecordsAdministrationwww.archives.gov/legislative1Worksheet3:AnswerKeyFederalismhasnothadonesetdefinitionthroughouthistory,becausetheideaoftheappropriatebalanceofauthorityamongthelocal,state,andFederalgovernmentshaschangedovertime.FederalismisnotspecificallydefinedintheConstitution,butitissuggestedinhowthenationalgovernmentisdescribed.ThisworksheetcontraststhefirstConstitutionfortheUnitedStates,writtenjustafterthecolonieshaddeclaredtheirindependencefromGreatBritain,withtheoneadoptedbytheFoundersin1787.Directions:Readeachpreambleandanswerthequestionsbelow.PreambleofArticlesofConfederation(1777)ToalltowhomthesePresentsshallcome,we,theundersignedDelegatesoftheStatesaffixedtoourNamessendgreeting.WhereastheDelegatesoftheUnitedStatesofAmericainCongressassembleddidonthefifteenthdayofNovemberintheyearofourLordOneThousandSevenHundredandSeventySeven,andintheSecondYearoftheIndependenceofAmericaagreetocertainarticlesofConfederationandperpetualUnionbetweentheStatesofNewHampshire,Massachusetts-bay,RhodeIslandandProvidencePlantations,Connecticut,NewYork,NewJersey,Pennsylvania,Delaware,Maryland,Virginia,NorthCarolina,SouthCarolina,andGeorgiaintheWordsfollowing,viz."ArticlesofConfederationandperpetualUnionbetweentheStatesofNewHampshire,Massachusetts-bay,RhodeIslandandProvidencePlantations,Connecticut,NewYork,NewJersey,Pennsylvania,Delaware,Maryland,Virginia,NorthCarolina,SouthCarolina,andGeorgia.(Source:http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=3&page=transcript)1. Createadiagramillustratingthegovernmentdescribedinthispreamble.Thediagramshouldshowthestatesallononelevel-inacircle-withtheFederalgovernmentinthecenterofthem.ThekeyfacttobedepictedisthattherelationshipbetweentheFederalgovernmentandthestatesisnothierarchicalbuttheFederalgovernmentactsastheagentofthestateswithallitsactionsubjecttotheapprovalofallthestates.2. Whatisthenameofthegovernmentcreatedinthispreamble?TheUnitedStatesofAmerica3. Whowerethepartnerscreatingthisunion?Thelistedstates4. WhatrelationshipofthestatestotheFederalgovernmentissuggestedinthispreamble?TherelationshipbetweentheFederalgovernmentandthestatesisnothierarchicalbuttheFederalgovernmentactsastheagentofthestateswithallitsactionsubjecttotheapprovalofallthestates.
UnderstandingFederalismCenterforLegislativeArchivesNationalArchivesandRecordsAdministrationwww.archives.gov/legislative2Worksheet3:AnswerKeyPreambleofConstitutionoftheUnitedStates(1787)WethePeopleoftheUnitedStates,inOrdertoformamoreperfectUnion,establishJustice,insuredomesticTranquility,provideforthecommondefense,promotethegeneralWelfare,andsecuretheBlessingsofLibertytoourselvesandourPosterity,doordainandestablishthisConstitutionfortheUnitedStatesofAmerica.(Source:http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=9&page=transcript)5. Createadiagramillustratingthegovernmentdescribedinthispreamble.Thekeyfacttobedepictedinthisdiagramisthatthepeople,ingeneralnotascitizensofvariousstates,haveformedtheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Thestatesarenotmentioned.6. Whatisthenameofthegovernmentcreatedinthispreamble?TheUnitedStatesofAmerica7. Whowerethepartnerscreatingthisunion?ThePeople8. WhatrelationshipofthestatestotheFederalgovernmentissuggestedinthispreamble?Thestatesarenotmentioned,indicatingthatthePeoplehaveformedaunionoverandabovetheircitizenshipwithinstates.SummaryDirections:Examinethedatesofthetwoexcerptsandwriteaone-sentenceresponsetoeachofthefollowingquestions:1. Howistheroleofthestatesdifferentinthetwopreambles?UndertheArticlesofConfederationthestateswerethepartnerstotheunionandhadpowerovertheactionofthefederalgovernment.TherelationshipofthestatestotheFederalgovernmentwasnotmentionedinthePreambleoftheConstitution2. Doesthedifferenceintheroleofthestatessuggestachangeinthemeaningoffederalism?Explain.FederalismundertheArticlesofConfederationmeantthatallstateshadtoagreetoeachactionoftheFederalgovernmentinorderfortheFederalgovernmenttoact.TheroleofthestatesandtheirrelationshipisnotspelledoutinthePreambleoftheConstitution.
UnderstandingFederalismCenterforLegislativeArchivesNationalArchivesandRecordsAdministrationwww.archives.gov/legislativeWorksheet4:AnswerKeyThelistofpowersgrantedtoanddeniedtotheCongressinArticleI,andthepowersreservedbythe10thAmendmentoftheU.S.ConstitutionserveasanoutlineofFederalism.Directions:ReadthefollowingexcerptfromtheConstitution.LabeleachpowerEifitrepresentsanenumeratedpower(grantedtotheFederalgovernment);Difitisadeniedpower;orRifitisareservedpowers.ARTICLEI,SECTION8Eachpowerlistedinthissectionisanenumeratedpower.ARTICLEI,SECTION9Eachpowerlistedinthissectionisadeniedpower.TENTHAMENDMENTTheTenthAmendmentdoesnotlistanyspecificpowers.Instead,itbroadlysaysthatallpowersnotgiventothenationalgovernmentarereservedforthestatesandthepeople.Thisleavesthemeaningofreservedpowersopentointerpretationinthestates.Examplesofpowersthatbelongtothestates:1.Thepowertorunelections2.ThepowertosetupandrunschoolsCheckYourUnderstanding:A. WhichclauseofArticleI,Section8doyouthinkhasthegreatestinfluenceonthediscussionofFederalism?Theanswerscanvary,butthemostsolidcasemightbemadeforArticleI,Section18"TomakeallLawswhichshallbenecessaryandproperforcarryingintoExecutiontheforegoingPowers,andallotherPowersvestedbythisConstitutionintheGovernmentoftheUnitedStates,orinanyDepartmentorOfficerthereof."B. InwhatwaysmighttheTenthAmendmentinfluencetheinterpretationoftheEnumeratedPowers?TheTenthAmendmentsuggeststhatthestateshaveundefinedpowersreservedtothem.Determiningtheextentoftheauthorityreservedtothestatesbythisamendmenthasbeenalong-runningdebateinU.S.history.
UnderstandingFederalismCenterforLegislativeArchivesNationalArchivesandRecordsAdministrationwww.archives.gov/legislative1Worksheet5:AnswerKeyThisworksheetdrawsontwofamouspiecesoflegislationthatshiftedthebalanceofauthoritybetweentheFederalgovernmentandthestatesduringthe20thcentury.EachexamplereflectsaninterpretationoftherelationshipbetweenstateandFederalgovernmentsatonetime.BalancingFederalandstatepowersisacomplexprocess,andthebalanceofpowerhasshiftedatdifferenttimesinAmericanhistory.TheSocialSecurityBill(1935)(excerpt)ThecommitteeonWaysandMeans,towhomwasreferredthebill...toprovideforthegeneralwelfarebyestablishingasystemofFederalold-agebenefits,andbyenablingtheseveralStatestomakemoreadequateprovisionforagedpersons...Thisbillprovidesforvariousgrants-in-aidtotheStates;establishesaFederalold-agebenefitsystemandaSocialSecurityboard;andimposescertaintaxes...Title1:Grants-in-aidaretobemadetotheStatesforold-agepensionstopersonswhohavereachedtheageof65.InmakingthesegrantstheFederalgovernmentwillmatchwhattheStatesputup,withincertainlimits.TitleII:AsystemofFederalold-agebenefits,payabletopeoplewhohavereachedtheageof65willbeginin1942..."1. Brieflysummarizethislegislation.Itestablishedafederalsystemofold-agebenefitsfundedthroughgrantstostatesandtaxes.2. WhatconstitutionaldutyofgovernmentiscitedtojustifyaFederalold-agepensionprogram?Toprovideforthegeneralwelfare3. Whichlevel(s)ofgovernmentwillfundtheprograms?Federal4. WhatrelationshipofstateandFederalauthorityisreflectedinthislegislation?TheFederalgovernmentprovidesgrantstostatesbutalsobypassesstateauthoritybyprovidingpensionstoindividuals.5. TheXinthediagramshouldbelocatedontheFederalsideofthebalancebecausetheFederalgovernmentwasassuminganewroleinprovidingpensionstoindividuals.
UnderstandingFederalismCenterforLegislativeArchivesNationalArchivesandRecordsAdministrationwww.archives.gov/legislative2VotingRightsAct(1965)(excerpts)"AnActtoEnforcetheFifteenthAmendmenttotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates"BeitenactedbytheSenateandHouseofRepresentativesoftheUnitedStatesofAmericainCongressassembled,thatthisActshallbeknownasthe'VotingRightsActof1965.'...SEC.4.(a)ToassurethattherightofcitizensoftheUnitedStatestovoteisnotdeniedorabridgedonaccountofraceorcolor,nocitizenshallbedeniedtherighttovoteinanyFederal,State,orlocalelectionbecauseofhisfailuretocomplywithanytestordeviceinanyState..."*AmendmentXV.Section1.TherightofcitizensoftheUnitedStatestovoteshallnotbedeniedorabridgedbytheUnitedStatesorbyanyStateonaccountofrace,color,orpreviousconditionofservitude - Section2.TheCongressshallhavethepowertoenforcethisarticlebyappropriatelegislation.6. Brieflysummarizethislegislation.Theactguaranteedthatvotingrightsnotbedeniedonaccountofrace.1. WhatConstitutionalAmendmentdoesthelegislationenforce?The15thAmendment2. WhatrelationshipofstateandFederalauthorityisreflectedinthislegislation?TheFederal governmentwouldbeexerci singnewauthorityoverthes tatesbyguaranteeingvotingrightsinstateswheretheyhadbeenpreviouslybeendenied.3. TheXinthediagramshouldbelocatedontheFederalsideofthebalancebecausethefederalgovernmentwasassuminganewroleinprotectingvotingrightsguaranteedbythe15thAmendmentinstatesfoundtohavepracticedracialdiscriminationinelections.
UnderstandingFederalismCenterforLegislativeArchivesNationalArchivesandRecordsAdministrationwww.archives.gov/legislativeWorksheet6:AnswerKeyDirections:Thefollowingnarrativecontains15underlinedinstancesoflocal,state,andFederalgovernment.Labelonthepaper:Lforlocal,Sforstate,FforFederal.Ifyoubelievethatapowerisconcurrentlyheld(sharedbetweenseverallevelsofgovernment),codethatactivitywithaCforconcurrent.Bepreparedtoexplainyourchoices.Thebestpartofgettingyourstatedriver'slicenseSisthedayyoufinallygettodrivetoschool.LIgrabbedthecarkeyfromabasketbythefrontdoorandwalkednervouslyouttothed riveway. "Holdit,"calledmydad."Ih adto renewthestatevehicleregistration.SPleaseputitinthecarforme."DrivingdownmyneighborhoodstreetL,Ifeltfree.Thiswasmuchbetterthanridingabikeorwaitingfortheschoolbus.LSeveraltrafficlightsLdownthecountyhighway,LIg otstuckbe hindastoppedcommuterbus.Ihadwhatseemedlikeaneternitytoreadallthemessagespaintedonthebackofthebus.ItwasastatedepartmentoftransportationSbuswithaU.S.DOTFregistrationnumber.IfinallygotontheinterstateS/F(theinterstatesystemisrununderacombinationofstateandfederalauthority)andthought,"Icanmakeittoschoolontimeiftherearenomorestops."Rightbeforemyexit,though,Icameuponafenderbenderthathadsnarledtrafficinallthelanes butone.Itwasnot serious. Apickuphadr un intoaU.S.mailFtruck.Everyoneseemedokay,althoughthepickup'sairbaghadinflated.FAnambulanceandafiretruckLwereonthescene,andastatepoliceofficerSdirectedtraffic.Ifinallygottoschoolandfoundtheverylastspotinthestudentparkinglot.Igrabbedmylaptopandranformyhomeroom.IranasfastasIcouldanddidn'tevenslowdownandlookwhenIgottothecrosswalk.LImadeitwith30secondstospare.Thiswasgoingtobeagreatday.
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