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LETTER TO THE EDITOR

Dear Editor,

Transposable elements (TEs) have long been regarded tion in host genomes. However, at times, TEs can also be domesticated by genes and thereby contribute new tb1 are the causative mutations in the teosinte branched 1 (tb1) wild ancestor teosinte (Zea mays ssp. Parviglumis) about es between cultivated maize and teosinte are dramatic. Such dramatic morphological changes are largely con- ern maize and is allelic to the recessive maize mutant teosinte branched 1 (tb1). tb1 was cloned by transposon the maize and teosinte tb1 cis tb1 tb1 in domes- tication are still unknown. npg

Cell Research (2011) 21:1267-1270.

© 2011 IBCB, SIBS, CAS All rights reserved 1001-0602/11 www.nature.com/cr Two transposable element insertions are causativemutations for the major domestication gene teosinte branched 1 in modern maize

Cell Research 21

The tb1-

Zea mays ssp. Parviglu-

tb1 region were iso- A comparative analysis indicated that a long stretch tb1 coding region is highly conserved between maize and teosinte haplotypes (Figure tb1 coding region. cis-regulatory ele- ment changes to tb1 ence), indicating that it was inserted recently. Further be- to drop dramatically, not only between the teosinte and maize haplotypes but also between maize haplotypes

Causal mutations for maize domestication gene tb1

1268
npg

Cell Research | Vol 21 No 8 | August 2011

tb1 allele. The two TEs in the maize haplotypes appeared to be the only polymorphisms that could potentially be the tb1 allele. To test this hypothesis, a maize association panel with both maize and teosinte haplotypes (Supplementary in- sets. tested maize lines. A previous genetic study revealed that the causative tb1 are contained parative genomics and association analysis revealed that the two TEs are the only polymorphisms associated with cated trait controlled by the maize tb1 gene. The maize the single locus tb1 single-stalked trait was apparent and unambiguous, sug- maize domestication.

Figure 1 Sequence alignment of tb1 region from maize inbred lines B73, W22, Yu87-1. and Zea mays ssp. Parviglumis (PI

384061). Grey areas indicate homologous regions. Green bars indicate retrotransposon and blue bars indicate DNA transpo-

sons. Tb1 gene is indicated by red bars. Regulatory region of tb1 is indicated by orange bars. Insertion polymorphism of TEs

between maize and teosinte are highlighted. All sequences are drawn to scale. www.cell-research.com | Cell ResearchLiangliang Zhou et al. 1269
npg phenotype changes, respectively. The insertion positions components. The two TEs are the only maize-associated mutations within these two components, so they should tb1 allele as being tb1 tb1 allele. ear phenotype in maize, we predict that the mutation tb1 maize tb1 retrotransposon). These accessions all belonged to the predated maize domestication and that these two TEs were coupled through hybridization and recombination

TEs in modern maize haplotypes.

tb1 gene during lating only point mutations. However, TEs containing one or more cis-regulatory elements can move to a new location by a single transposition and thereby add new and their global distribution within eukaryotic genomes, estimates. Such mechanisms involving TEs could theo- diversity observed in nature and could provide new op resources.

Acknowledgments

Rentao Song

1 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai

200444, China;

2

National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Im

provement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China

References

latory networks. Nat Rev Genet 9 chromosomal rearrangements. BMC Genomics 11

Causal mutations for maize domestication gene tb1

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Cell Research | Vol 21 No 8 | August 2011

multilocus microsatellite genotyping. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99
nance in maize. Nature 386 with growth suppression in maize and teosinte. Genetics 162
selection during maize domestication. Nature 398 Nat

Genet 38

sity in the genomic region near the maize domestication gene

Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101

et al.-

Nature 461

genes. Genetics 177 challenge. Science 226 (Supplementary information the paper on the Cell Research website.)

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