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Networking Fundamentals

Page 1. © 2006 Cisco Systems Inc. All rights reserved. SMBUF-1. SMB University: Selling Cisco SMB Foundation Solutions. Networking Fundamentals. Page 2. © 2006 



Cisco Networking Academy Program - CCNA 1 and 2 Companion

This book is designed to provide information about CCNA 1: Networking Basics and CCNA (PDF) files. □ Windows Media Player—A software program that allows the ...



Network Fundamentals CCNA Exploration Companion Guide

Page 1. Network Fundamentals. CCNA Exploration Companion Guide. Mark A. Dye pdf. □ http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/llc/llctutorial.html. MAC: Getting Data ...



Network Fundamentals: CCNA Exploration Companion Guide

ISBN-10: 1-58713-208-7 (hbk. : CD-ROM) 1. Electronic data processing personnel—. Certification. 2. Computer networks—Examinations—Study guides. I. McDonald.



DAY 1 DAY 1 NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS NETWORK

▫ Network Fundamentals. ▫ Transport Layer ▫ ARP – Destinations Outside the Local Network. 111. © 2007 Cisco Systems Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public.



Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Command Reference

network configuration filename to bridge_9.1 and uses the default broadcast address: Router(config)# boot network tftp:bridge_9.1. Router(config)# service ...



Cisco Networking Academy Program

• CCNA1—Networking Basics. • CCNA2—Routers and Routing Basics. • CCNA3—Switching Basics and Intermediate Routing. • CCNA4—WAN Technologies. The CCNA courses 



Cisco Networking Academy Program New CCNA Curricula

manual scroll bar. Page 15. © 2007 Cisco Systems Inc. All rights reserved CCNA Exploration 1 – Network Fundamentals. Lab Topology (Preliminary). Network ...



Cisco Application Centric Infrastructure Fundamentals Release 3.x

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Configuration Fundamentals Configuration Guide Cisco IOS

networking devices running Cisco IOS Release 12.4(1) or newer. However most manual configuration. Routers A B



Networking Fundamentals

2006 Cisco Systems Inc. All rights reserved. SMBUF-1. SMB University: Selling Cisco SMB Foundation Solutions. Networking Fundamentals 



Network Fundamentals: CCNA Exploration Companion Guide

ISBN-10: 1-58713-208-7 (hbk. : CD-ROM) 1. Electronic data processing personnel—. Certification. 2. Computer networks—Examinations—Study guides. I. McDonald.



Network-Fundamentals.pdf

Network fundamentals : CCNA exploration companion guide/Mark A. Dye Rick. McDonald



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Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Command Reference

Table 1. Cisco IOS Configuration Guides and Command References. Configuration Guide and Command Reference Titles. Features/Protocols/Technologies.



CCNA Exam v1.0 (200-301) - Cisco

Page 1. 2019 Cisco Systems Inc. This document is Cisco Public. This exam tests a candidate's knowledge and skills related to network fundamentals



CCNA 1: Network Fundamentals

Course Description: This course introduces the architecture structure



NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS

basics of computer networking and shows you how they apply to a PACS devices only 1 of the 2 computers can be speaking at any given time. If the.



Basic Networking Concepts

1. Introduction. -A network can be defined as a group of computers and other devices connected in some ways so as to be able to exchange data.



Chapter 3: Network Protocols and Communication

2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential. ? 3.1 Rules of Communication. • Explain how rules facilitate communication.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-1 SMB University: Selling Cisco SMB Foundation Solutions

Networking Fundamentals

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-2Objectives•Describe the function and operation of a hub, a switch and a

router•Describe the function and operation of a firewall and a gateway•Describe the function and operation of Layer 2 switching,

Layer 3 switching, and routing•Identify the layers of the OSI model•Describe the functionality of LAN, MAN, and WAN networks•Identify the possible media types for LAN and WAN connections

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-3What is a Network?•A network refers to two or more connected computers that

can share resources such as data, a printer, an Internet connection, applications, or a combination of these resources. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-4Types of Networks

Local Area Network (LAN)

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Wide Area Network (WAN)

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-5WAN Technologies

Circuit-switched

Asynchronous serial. ISDN Layer 1

TELEPHONE

COMPANY

Leased Line

Synchronous serial

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-6WAN Technologies (Cont.)

Broadband Access

SERVICE

PROVIDER

Cable, DSL, Wireless WANFrame-Relay

Synchronous serial

SERVICE

PROVIDER

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-7Network Topologies: Bus Topology

SEGMENT

TerminatorTerminator

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-8Network Topologies: Star Topology Hub © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-9

Network Topologies:Extended Star Topology

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-10

7654321The OSI Model - Why a Layered Network Model?

•Reduces complexity•Standardizes interfaces•Facilitates modular engineering•Ensures interoperable technology•Accelerates evolution•Simplifies teaching and learning

ApplicationPresentation

SessionTransportNetworkData LinkPhysical

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-11The Seven Layers of the OSI Model

Application Layers (Upper

Layers):•Network Processes to Applications•Data Representation•InterHost Communication

7654321

ApplicationPresentation

SessionTransportNetworkData LinkPhysical

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-12 765
4 321

ApplicationPresentation

SessionTransportNetworkData LinkPhysical

The Seven Layers of the OSI Model (Cont.)

End To End Connections:•Handles transportation issues between hosts•Ensures data transport reliability•Establishes, maintains and terminates virtual circuits•Provides reliability through fault detection and recovery•Information flow control

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-13

7654321

ApplicationPresentation

SessionTransportNetworkData LinkPhysical

The Seven Layers of the OSI Model (Cont.)

Data Delivery:•Provides connectivity and pathselection between two host systems•Routes data packets•Selects best path to deliver data•The Network layer prioritizes data known as Quality of Service (QoS)

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-14

7654321

ApplicationPresentation

SessionTransportNetworkData LinkPhysical

The Seven Layers of the OSI Model (Cont.)

Access to Media:•Defines how data is formatted for transmission and how access to the network is controlled

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-15

7654321

ApplicationPresentation

SessionTransportNetworkData LinkPhysicalThe Seven Layers of the OSI Model (Cont.)

Binary Transmission:•Defines the electrical, mechanical, procedural, and functional specifications for activating, maintaining, and deactivating the physical link

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-16Twisted-Pair

Coaxial

Outer jacket

BNC

ConnectorCopper Conductor

Braided Copper Shielding

Plastic Insulation

Fiber Optics

Outer jacket

Plastic Shield

Glass and Fiber Cladding

Kevlar Reinforcing Material

SC

ConnectorOuter jacket

Twisted-Pair

Color-Coded Plastic Insulation

RJ-45

Connector

Physical Media Types

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-17

Wireless

Physical Media Types (Cont.)

EI Q 0

Q‘&‰PYH"‰‘&H"

ETHERNET BACKBONE

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-18Physical Media Comparison

Twisted Pair

Coaxial

Fiber Optic

Wireless

LAN

Bandwidth

Up to 1 Gbps 10-100 MbpsUp to

10 Gbps

or higherUp to

54 Mbps

Distance

Up to 100 m Up to 500 m Up to 60 kmUp to 100 m

Price Least expensiveInexpensiveMost expensiveModerate

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-19Hub or Repeater•A hub (concentrator) is a device that repeats the signals it

receives on one port to all other ports. It is a central connection point for several network devices. Hub © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-20Hub (Multiport Repeater) © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-21Network Interface Card

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-22WAN - Physical Layer Implementations•Physical layer implementations vary•Cable specifications define speed of link

Cisco HDLC PPP Frame Relay

ISDN BRI (with

PPP)

DSL Modem

Cable Modem

EIA/TIA-232

EIA/TIA-449

X.21 V.24 V.35

HSSI RJ-48

Note: ISDN BRI cable

pinouts are different than the pinouts for Ethernet.

The RJ-48 and RJ-45

look the same, but the pinouts are different. RJ-11

Note: Works

over telephone line BNC

Note: Works

over Cable

TV line

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-23 WAN

Physical Media

Wall Jack

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-24Data Link Layer•Data Link layer protocols create, transmit, and receive

packets. This layer is also responsible for logical MAC addressing and LLC processing, creating logical topologies, and controlling media access. 2

Data Link

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-25MAC Address•The network interface card address, called the hardware

address, is protocol-independent and is usually assigned at the factory. This address is technically called the media access control address (MAC) because it is found on the

MAC sub layer of the Data Link layer.

2

Data Link

MAC Address Hardware Address=00-0C-F1-5E-BE-F2

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-26Data Link Devices •The Data Link layer is manipulated by two devices: bridges

and switches. These are more complex and more expensive than their Physical layer counterparts, but they do have advantages.

SwitchesBridges

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-27Switch•When a switch receives data the switch examines the data

link header for the MAC address of the destination station and forwards it to the correct port. This opens a path between ports that can use the full bandwidth of the topology.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-28Network Layer•The network layer provides connectivity and path selection

between two host systems that may be located on geographically separated networks 3

Network

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-29Network Layer (Cont.)•IP is a standard that defines the manner in which the network

layers of two hosts interact. IP addresses are 32 bit long, hierarchical addressing scheme. 3

Network

IP Address Logical Address

=192.168.6.17

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-30Network Layer Devices •The devices that operate at the Network layer are routers and

Layer 3 Switches

Router

Layer 3 Switch

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-31 Routers •Routers facilitate communication within this internet work. It decides how to send packets within the network so that they arrive at their destination.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-32Layer 3 Switches •The Layer 3 switch functions at the Network layer and

performs the multiport, virtual LAN, data pipelining functions of a standard Layer 2 switch. It can also perform basic routing functions between virtual LANs.

Layer 3 Switch

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-33Multilayer Switching •Combines functionality of:-

Layer 2 switching

Layer 3 switching

Layer 4 switching

•High-speed scalability•Low latency compared to routers 21

Physical

7654

ApplicationPresentation

Session

3

Data LinkTransportNetwork

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-34Transport Layer Implementations •The Transport layer is charge of the reliable/unreliable

transport of data. It can be implemented as TCP or UDP. 4

TCPUDP

Transport

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-35Gateway•A gateway is a combination of hardware and software that

connects dissimilar network environments. It performs translations at multiple layers of the open system interconnection (OSI) model.

PC Network

MAC Network

GatewayOSI Model

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-36Firewalls•A firewall is a system or group of systems that manages

access between two or more networks

Outside

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