[PDF] HISTORY OF WWII INFILTRATIONS INTO FRANCE-rev97-31072018

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Tentative of History of In/Exfiltrations into/from France during WWII from 1940 to 1945

Parachutes, Plane & Sea Landings)

Pierre TILLET - pierre.tillet@free.fr - http://www.plan-sussex-1944.net/anglais/pdf/infiltrations_into_france.pdf

HISTORY OF WWII INFILTRATIONS INTO FRANCE-rev97-31072018 Page 1 of 162

De ganay Forewords

This tentative of history of civilians and military agents (BCRA, Commandos, JEDBURGHS, OSS, SAS, SIS, SOE, SUSSEX/OSSEX,

Sussex/Brissex/SIS & PROUST) infiltrated or exfiltrated during the WWII into France, by parachute, by plane landings, by sea landings

and/or by crossing on foot the Spanish border via the Pyrénées

This document, which needs to be completed and corrected, has been prepared using the information available, not always reliable, on the

following internet websites and books available: NB1: Highlighted in blue modifications/corrections made. NB2: Highlighted in yellow more information needed.

ONLY THE FRENCH VERSION MAKES REFERENCE

This document, periodically revised, could be downloaded from the MM Park Museum website using this link:

1. The following French SHD websites give the references of files related to networks, maquis and resistants (In French):

croix-de-guerre

NNAGE.doc.pdf

DOSSIERS%20GENERAUX.pdf

RESEAUX_2.pdf

.pdf

2. The Order of the Liberation website:

The Order of the Liberation is France's second national Order after the Legion of Honour, and was instituted by General De

Gaulle, Leader of the "Français Libres" - the Free French movement - with Edict No. 7, signed in Brazzaville on November 16th,

1940.

3. History of Carpetbaggers (USAAF) partly available on Thomas Ensminger's website addresses:

http://www.801492.org/MainMenu.htm

I was informed that Thomas Ensminger passed away on the 03/05/2012. I like to underline the huge work performed as historian

by Thomas to keep alive the memory the Carpetbaggers" history and their famous B24 painted in black. RIP Thomas.

The USAAF Carpetbagger's mission was that of delivering supplies and agents to resistance groups in the enemy occupied

Western European nations. Created in late 1943, their operations first flew from Tempsford, then Alconbury and finally out of

Station 179, Harrington (9.0 km West of Kettering in Northamptonshire). Flying at first as two squadrons, they were given

Provisional status as a Bombardment Group (801st) in late March 1944 just before they moved to Harrington. In May of 1944 two

more squadrons were added to the group. In August of 1944, the group was redesignated as a formal group (492nd).

Tentative of History of In/Exfiltrations into/from France during WWII from 1940 to 1945

Parachutes, Plane & Sea Landings)

Pierre TILLET - pierre.tillet@free.fr - http://www.plan-sussex-1944.net/anglais/pdf/infiltrations_into_france.pdf

HISTORY OF WWII INFILTRATIONS INTO FRANCE-rev97-31072018 Page 2 of 162 Squadron designations were changed as well, becoming as follows for the duration of the war: - 36th BS changed to 856th BS - 406th BS changed to 858th BS - 788th BS changed to 859th BS - 850th BS changed to 857th BS

Over five hundred members of the BCRA, Jedburghs, OSS, Proust, SAS, SIS, SOE and Sussex agents were inserted by the

Carpetbaggers during the period of March 1944 through April of 1945.

Most of mission reports of Carpetbaggers" crews can be downloaded from the Thomas Ensminger"s huge data bank

NB: The whole Carpetbaggers'crew mission reports were kindly provided by Thomas Ensminger. There is a Carpetbaggers museum located near Harrington (Northamptonshire - Great Britain):

4. History of the RAF squadrons:

The two Bob Body's websites related to RAF 138 and 161 Squadrons on website addresses: http://www.tempsford-squadrons.info/ http://www.161squadron.org/

There were two RAF No 138 and 161 Special Duties Squadrons based at Tempsford airfield (3.7 km north east of Sandy,

Bedfordshire). Both were involved in these highly secret operations, that ranged over all of enemy occupied Europe, dropping

agents or supplies. Losses were very high, with up to one aircraft per week being lost at some points during the war. Missions

were concentrated on the "moon nights" of each month at the beginning, where a full moon allowed for better night vision for the

pilots. Since 1943, location device Rebecca (Plane) / Eureka (DZ), http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/1060003707 ,was used whatever the weather. NB : Some mission reports of RAF 138, 161 and 1419 Sqn were kindly provided by Bob Body.

NB2 : Steven Kippax kindly provided some archives (Air 40/2659 - Air resources made available to SIS) concerning the

106 SIS pick-up operations carried out by RAF 161 Squadron.

NB3: Mail bags fastened to an horizontal cable located at 2 metre heigh were pickep up by Lysanders by means of hook

during special night operations called MPU (Mail Pick Up)

NB4: In December 1943, RAF 138 and 161 squadrons were joined by 214 and 617; in February 1944 by 90 and 149; in

March by 75, 199, 295*, 296*, 297* and 298*; and in April by 570*, 644*, 190* and 299* in which month USAAF units also

started Special Duties. Units marked* were part of 38 Group and operated in pairs:- 190+620, 196+299, 298+644, 295+570

and 296+297.

The Ron McKeon's website, taken over by Lee Miller in August 2015, describes the history of the RAF 624 Squadron

operating from Blida (Algeria): http://www.624squadron.org/missions.html

Ron McKeon passed away on 25/07/2015. I like to underline the huge work performed by Ron to let us know the anonymous

exploits of the RAF 624 Squadron crews.

This site has now an online database (A small and worthy participation fee of 10£ is asked to support the logistics to run this

website) periodically updated. This site still under upgrade work is not operational. The Bruneau Lecaplain's website dedicated to RAF 38 Group and RAF 298 & 644 Squadrons: http://www.raf38group.org/

NB1 : RAF 38 Group included: RAF Brize Norton (296 & 297 Sqn, Albemarle), RAF Fairford (190 & 620 Sqn, Short Stirling),

RAF Harwell (295 & 570 Sqn, Albemarle), RAF Keevil (196 & 299 Sqn, Short Stirling) & RAF Tarrant Rushton (298 & 644 Sqn,

Halifax modified to drop SAS jeeps)

NB2 : 38 Group dropped SAS, SOE F & SOE RF agents from beginning of June 1944. Tentative of History of In/Exfiltrations into/from France during WWII from 1940 to 1945

Parachutes, Plane & Sea Landings)

Pierre TILLET - pierre.tillet@free.fr - http://www.plan-sussex-1944.net/anglais/pdf/infiltrations_into_france.pdf

HISTORY OF WWII INFILTRATIONS INTO FRANCE-rev97-31072018 Page 3 of 162

Bill Pogson's forum " Operation: Dark of the Moon" dedicated to RAF 148 Squadron operating from Brindisi (Italy) then Calvi

(Corsica):

Nicolas Livingstone's website "Before Tempsford" giving an online history of the Royal Air Force's early operations to insert

clandestine SOS & SIS agents into Nazi-occupied Europe between August 1940 and March 1942. http://beforetempsford.org.uk/

5. The huge Kelvin Youngs' site, with several data bases, dedicated to aircrews shot or missing during their missions :

6. The David Portier's site FFL-SAS dedicated to the Free French SAS

NB1: David Portier helped me to up-date some SAS infiltrations. NB2 : There is an association called AFPSAS (http://www.afpsas.org/)

7. History of Jedburghs available on following website addresses:

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Jedburgh https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Jedburgh

The name JEDBURGH comes from a small town of Scotland. JEDBURGH was a special forces operation carried out by the Allied

during WWII, which aimed to coordinate the action of the Resistance with the general plans of the Supreme Headquarters Allied

Expeditionary Forces (SHAEF) and to provide weapons and training to the Resistance, in France, in Belgium and in the

Netherlands, in order to prevent the German to reinforce the Normandy coasts at the time of D-Day. Men of the British Special

Operations Executive (SOE), of the American Office of Strategic Services (OSS), and of Free French Bureau Central de

Renseignements and d"Action (BCRA) as well as soldiers of the various armies of the countries concerned (France, Belgium,

Netherlands) were parachuted in uniform (Some teams were dropped in civilian clothes such as Arnold Team), by teams of three,

behind the German lines, to lead actions of sabotage and guerrilla against the Germans, and to coordinate actions of the

Resistance.

About 100 Jedburgh teams were dropped into France, Belgium and Holland between June and December 1944.

Jed Nationalities dispatched into France:

British: 91 Jed

French: 108 Jed

USA: 77 Jed

Canadian: 2 Jed

The Jedburgh Teams had in Europe:

- 14 members killed in action. - 5 members dead from injuries, shot when prisoners or by accident. - 3 members killed due to bad dropping or parachute failure. - 11 members severely injured during fighting. - 4 members injured due to bad dropping. - 4 prisoners who escaped.

8. The Tripartite SUSSEX Plan (US/OSS, GB/MI6 and FR/BCRA) and Bipartite PROUST Plan (US/OSS and FR/BCRA)

Dominique Soulier (son of Georges Soulier former radio-operator of the Ossex / OSS Vis team) is at the origin of the website

Sussex Plan 1944 and of the collection presented by the "MM Park" museum in La Wantzenau. Tentative of History of In/Exfiltrations into/from France during WWII from 1940 to 1945

Parachutes, Plane & Sea Landings)

Pierre TILLET - pierre.tillet@free.fr - http://www.plan-sussex-1944.net/anglais/pdf/infiltrations_into_france.pdf

HISTORY OF WWII INFILTRATIONS INTO FRANCE-rev97-31072018 Page 4 of 162 http://www.plan-sussex-1944.net/ http://mmpark.fr/index.php?p=sussex

Sussex Teams (January - September 1944): SUSSEX Plan was an intelligence operation in World War II in which men from the

French Intelligence Bureau Central de Renseignements and d'Action (BCRA) were dropped into France from January to

September 1944. (See Memories of a Free French Secret Agent written by Gilbert Renault aka Rémy aka Roulier).

Commander Kenneth Cohen for SIS (England), Colonel Francis Pickens Miller for OSS (USA) and Gilbert Renault (Rémy) for

BCRA (France) were in charge of the SUSSEX Plan.

Each of the 54 SUSSEX teams (29 OSSEX, 25 BRISSEX teams) of an officer and a WT operator. (118 men and 2 women) to

supply update, independent, reliable and accurate information to the Allied Head Quarters in order to take the relevant decisions.

After the war the surviving agents used to meet for a monthly reunion dinner at Madame Goubillon's café, located 8 rue Tournefort

in the 5th arrondissement, which they painted and renamed “Café du Network Sussex". Sadly the cafe is no more, Madame

Goubillon died in the 1980s and the premises were transformed into a piano bar. In 1990, however, the mayor of the fifth

arrondissement unveiled a plaque commemorating the role the cafe and its owner played during the war.

The volume 3 "Secret Intelligence Branch: SUSSEX" of roll n°4 of " History of the London Office of the OSS » ref : M-1623 of

NARA gave some information concerning the Plan SUSSEX, but unfortunately the Sussex/Brissex/SIS agents" reports are missing

(pages 241 to 479). US Archives NARA provided some mission reports of Sussex/Ossex/OSS teams.

Some Sussex/Ossex/OSS agents have a personal file available from NARA Database, using the search engine:

https://catalog.archives.gov/.

Contact: National Archives at College Park - Textual Reference (Military) (RD-DC-2-MIL), National Archives at College Park - 8601

Adelphi Road - College Park, MD 20740-6001 - Phone: 301-837-3510 / Fax: 301-837-1752 - Email: Archives2reference@nara.gov

2 Pathfinders teams and 52 Sussex teams (25 BRISSEX/SIS & 29 OSSEX/OSS) were dropped from February to September

1944.

The WT operators of Sussex/Brissex teams reported to SIS station STS 53a or STS 53b and the WT operators of Sussex/Ossex

to OSS Victor station.

The "Carpetbaggers" infiltrated about 48 SUSSEX agents and the RAF 58. Most of Carpetbaggers" operations had names of car

manufacturers: Ansaldo, Bentley, Benz, Cord, Desoto, Ellis, Lincoln, Plymouth, etc. The Sussex Teams had 15 members killed or missing including a woman Evelyne Clopet. Jacques Voyer received the Cross of the Liberation.

Proust PLan (February - September 1944): An auxiliary joint operation only conducted by French BCRA and US OSS to the

Sussex plan to build up a reserve pool of agents for any unforeseen exigencies of the post D-Day period and eventually became

operational. Each Proust agent was trained as W/T operator and intelligence observer agent. Tentative of History of In/Exfiltrations into/from France during WWII from 1940 to 1945

Parachutes, Plane & Sea Landings)

Pierre TILLET - pierre.tillet@free.fr - http://www.plan-sussex-1944.net/anglais/pdf/infiltrations_into_france.pdf

HISTORY OF WWII INFILTRATIONS INTO FRANCE-rev97-31072018 Page 5 of 162

The volume 4 "Secret Intelligence Branch - PROUST" of roll n°4 of " History of the London Office of the OSS » ref: M-1623

of NARA gave some information concerning the Plan PROUST, but unfortunately the agents" reports are missing (pages 51 to

188).

The PROUST missions were: Driver/Ascain, Monkey, Girafe, Midiron (sub-missions: Norman, Noël, Potage, Noir, Congé, Poil,

Jument and Maréchal), Jambon, Mirnaloy, Voyageur, Bebe, Chat, Image, Marquise and Marcel. The WT operators of Sussex/Ossex reported to OSS Victor station The "Carpetbaggers" dropped forty-six PROUST Project intelligence agents into France for SI/London.

NB: The very numerous and extremely rare Sussex and Proust collections can be seen in the new museum MM PARK

(Military Museum Park).

This museum is situated in La Wantzenau (12 km North of Strasbourg), presents on 7000m2 a very big variety of artefacts and

equipments of among which 120 military and armoured vehicles, uniforms, individual and collective weapons, artillery and also a

renovated Luftwaffe 20 m, U-Boot coning tower, underwater mine, or more, visits of an observation Atlantic Wall bell via an

underground corridor.

MM PARK is the biggest collection of Europe dedicated to the Second World War. It was officially inaugurated on the 04/03/2017.

http://mmpark.fr/index.php?p=sussex

9. The Steven Kippax's website dedicated to Special Operations Executive (SOE) (This is a restricted group)

This Group is designed to share and disseminate information of the Special Operations Executive during WWII.

Special Operations Executive (SOE): The Special Operations Executive (SOE), sometimes referred to as "the Baker Street

Irregulars" after Sherlock Holmes's fictional group of spies, was a World War II organization. It was initiated by Winston Churchill

and Hugh Dalton on the 19/07/1940 to conduct warfare by means other than direct military engagement. The organisation was formed out of three existing secret departments:

o Section D, a sub-section of the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS, aka MI6) commanded by Major Lawrence Grand;

o A department of the War Office known as MI R headed by Major J. C. Holland;

o Department EH, the propaganda organisation called (from Electra House, its headquarters), run by Sir Campbell

Stuart. SOE directly employed or controlled just over 13,000 people. It is estimated that, worldwide, SOE supported

or supplied about a million operatives. SOE's operations in France were directed by six London-based country sections:

o AMF Section was established in Algiers during the latter part of 1942 to operate into Southern France.

o DF Section was responsible for establishing escape routes. o EU/P which dealt with the Polish community in France

o F Section was under British control (Colonel Maurice Buckmaster). In France, there were 95 circuits “Buck". By the

terms of an agreement made with De Gaulle SOE F could not recruit French agents. (Buckmaster Maurice - They

Fought Alone - page 95)

o RF Section (Cptaine Erik Piquet-Wicks replaced by James Hutchinson since August 1942 then by Bickham Sweet-

Escott since Autumn 1943 then by LH Dismore, helped by Forest Yeo-Thomas) was linked to General De Gaulle's

Free French government in exile. Most native French agents served in RF. o Jedburgh teams.

SOE was formed to “co-ordinate, to inspire, to control and to assist the nationals of the oppressed countries who must themselves

be the direct participants".

From 1941 to 1945, SOE organized about 3733 parachute landings and 81 pick-up operations (Lysander, Hudson or Dakota) into

France:

Tentative of History of In/Exfiltrations into/from France during WWII from 1940 to 1945

Parachutes, Plane & Sea Landings)

Pierre TILLET - pierre.tillet@free.fr - http://www.plan-sussex-1944.net/anglais/pdf/infiltrations_into_france.pdf

HISTORY OF WWII INFILTRATIONS INTO FRANCE-rev97-31072018 Page 6 of 162

- About 470 SOE agents, including 39 women, were sent out into France. Among Section F, a monument in Valençay is

dedicated to 104 of whom were killed in action or executed (13 women), 30 escaped and 12 were released. They were

“closely harnessed to the military effort" and “played a very considerable part in our complete and final victory."

- 5 007 000 kg of equipment including 104 536 Sten submachine guns, 409 224 grenades and 307 023 kg of explosives were

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