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© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-1 SMB University: Selling Cisco SMB Foundation Solutions

Networking Fundamentals

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-2Objectives•Describe the function and operation of a hub, a switch and a

router•Describe the function and operation of a firewall and a gateway•Describe the function and operation of Layer 2 switching,

Layer 3 switching, and routing•Identify the layers of the OSI model•Describe the functionality of LAN, MAN, and WAN networks•Identify the possible media types for LAN and WAN connections

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-3What is a Network?•A network refers to two or more connected computers that

can share resources such as data, a printer, an Internet connection, applications, or a combination of these resources. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-4Types of Networks

Local Area Network (LAN)

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Wide Area Network (WAN)

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-5WAN Technologies

Circuit-switched

Asynchronous serial. ISDN Layer 1

TELEPHONE

COMPANY

Leased Line

Synchronous serial

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-6WAN Technologies (Cont.)

Broadband Access

SERVICE

PROVIDER

Cable, DSL, Wireless WANFrame-Relay

Synchronous serial

SERVICE

PROVIDER

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-7Network Topologies: Bus Topology

SEGMENT

TerminatorTerminator

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-8Network Topologies: Star Topology Hub © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-9

Network Topologies:Extended Star Topology

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-10

7654321The OSI Model - Why a Layered Network Model?

•Reduces complexity•Standardizes interfaces•Facilitates modular engineering•Ensures interoperable technology•Accelerates evolution•Simplifies teaching and learning

ApplicationPresentation

SessionTransportNetworkData LinkPhysical

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-11The Seven Layers of the OSI Model

Application Layers (Upper

Layers):•Network Processes to Applications•Data Representation•InterHost Communication

7654321

ApplicationPresentation

SessionTransportNetworkData LinkPhysical

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-12 765
321

ApplicationPresentation

SessionTransportNetworkData LinkPhysical

The Seven Layers of the OSI Model (Cont.)

End To End Connections:•Handles transportation issues between hosts•Ensures data transport reliability•Establishes, maintains and terminates virtual circuits•Provides reliability through fault detection and recovery•Information flow control

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-13

7654321

ApplicationPresentation

SessionTransportNetworkData LinkPhysical

The Seven Layers of the OSI Model (Cont.)

Data Delivery:•Provides connectivity and pathselection between two host systems•Routes data packets•Selects best path to deliver data•The Network layer prioritizes data known as Quality of Service (QoS)

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-14

7654321

ApplicationPresentation

SessionTransportNetworkData LinkPhysical

The Seven Layers of the OSI Model (Cont.)

Access to Media:•Defines how data is formatted for transmission and how access to the network is controlled

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-15

7654321

ApplicationPresentation

SessionTransportNetworkData LinkPhysicalThe Seven Layers of the OSI Model (Cont.)

Binary Transmission:•Defines the electrical, mechanical, procedural, and functional specifications for activating, maintaining, and deactivating the physical link

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-16Twisted-Pair

Coaxial

Outer jacket

BNC

ConnectorCopper Conductor

Braided Copper Shielding

Plastic Insulation

Fiber Optics

Outer jacket

Plastic Shield

Glass and Fiber Cladding

Kevlar Reinforcing Material

ConnectorOuter jacket

Twisted-Pair

Color-Coded Plastic Insulation

RJ-45

Connector

Physical Media Types

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-17

Wireless

Physical Media Types (Cont.)

EI Q

Q‘&‰PYH"‰‘&H"

ETHERNET BACKBONE

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-18Physical Media Comparison

Twisted Pair

Coaxial

Fiber Optic

Wireless

LAN

Bandwidth

Up to 1 Gbps 10-100 MbpsUp to

10 Gbps

or higherUp to

54 Mbps

Distance

Up to 100 m Up to 500 m Up to 60 kmUp to 100 m

Price Least expensiveInexpensiveMost expensiveModerate

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-19Hub or Repeater•A hub (concentrator) is a device that repeats the signals it

receives on one port to all other ports. It is a central connection point for several network devices. Hub © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-20Hub (Multiport Repeater) © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-21Network Interface Card

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.SMBUF-22WAN - Physical Layer Implementations•Physical layer implementations vary•Cable specifications define speed of link

Cisco HDLC PPPquotesdbs_dbs2.pdfusesText_4

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