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IY TIERNATIOIVAL CENTRE FOR rlit STUDY OFT -IC PRESERVATION .AND TM4 nreorroinn,oru OF CULTURAL PROPERTY 11..6 CAR OM

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Mortars, Cemeilts and Grouts used in the

Conservation of Historic Buildings . - •

Mortiers, cjniegts et coulis utilises du:10a

conservation des batiments historiques

Symposium 3- 6.11.1981 Rome

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BIBLIOTHEQUE

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Mortars, Cements and Grouts used in the

Conservation of Historic Buildings

Mortiers, ciments et coulis utilisés dans la

conservation des bâtiments historiques

Symposium 3- 6.11.1981 Rome

Rome 1982

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION p. 1

Section 1

Mortars for renderings, repointing and

masonry repairs.

Mortiers pour enduits, rejointement et

reparation des maconneries.

V. FURLAN

Experiences pratiques avec des crepis

A base de chaux. 9

I. HOLMSTROM

Mortars, cements and grouts for conservation

and repair. Some urgent needs of research

L. B. SICKELS

Organics vs. synthetics : their use as additives

in mortars. p. 19 p. 2 5

S. PETERSON

Lime water consolidation. p. 53

S. PERONI and others

Lime-based mortars for the repair of ancient

masonry and possible substitutes.

S. Z. LEWIN

X-ray diffraction and scanning electron micro-

scope analysis of conventional mortars. p. 63 p. 101 III

P. BALDI - M. CORDARO - L. MORA - P. MORA

Architecture - couleur

T. PERANDER

Mortar - study in Finland.

Maintenance of historic buildings.

Section 2

Grouts and injections in ancient masonry.

Coulis et injections dans les maçonneries anciennes.

R. SENGUPTA

Grouting for strengthening the Qutb Minar, Delhi

A. BOUINEAU, J. ROCARD

Reinforcement des maçonneries pour injections de coulis dans la region nord-est de la France.

D. FERRAGNI - J. MALLIET et autres

Essais de laboratoire sur des coulis à base de

ciment. p. 133 p. 141 p. 147 p. 165 p. 185

Section 3 :

Portland cement and special cements ;

their use in conservation.

Ciment Portland et ciments spéciaux ;

leur utilisation dans la conservation.

A. E. CHAROLA

Study of hydrated cement pastes of aged

concretes from Acropolis monuments. p. 207 IV

F. MASSAZZA, M. PEZZUOLI

Some teachings of a Roman concrete p. 219

Section 4

Use of synthetic resins in mortars and grouts.

Utilisation des r4sines synthetiques dans les

mortiers et les coulis.

P. BALDI

Tharros (Oristano, Sardinia) : Preservation of

the Punic ditch. Methodological considerations.

M. LOLLI GHETTI

Tharros (Oristano, Sardinia) : Conservation of

the Punic ditch : Diversification of technologies.

M. BELLINI

Tharros (Oristano, Sardinia) : Conservation of

the Punic ditch. The operational technique.

G. RUGGIERI

L'obelisque de place S. Giovanni in Laterano

Rome. p. 249 p. 255 p. 267 p. 273

Section 5 :

Study and analysis of ancient mortars and

renderings.

Etude et analyse des mortiers et enduits

anciens.

M. DU PAS

L'analyse des mortiers et enduits des peintures

murales et des bdtiments anciens. p. 281 V

J. MOORE, J. STEWART

Chemical techniques of historic mortars analysis. p. 297

H. JEDRZEJEWSKA

Ancient mortars as criterion in analysis of old

architecture.

M. FRIZOT

L'analyse des mortiers antiques ;

problemes et resultats.

R. MALINOWSKI

Ancient mortars and concretes; durability aspects.

C. MEUCCI, P. ROSSI DORIA

Analyse et caracterisation de quelque type

d'ancient mortiers orientals.

G. BISCONTIN, M. PIANA, G. RIVA

Research on limes and intonacoes of the historical

Venetian architecture.

L. MORA

Les materiaux des enduits traditionnels.

E. ARMANI, M. PIANA

Research on the plaster of Venetian Historic

Buildings.

p. 311 p. 331 p. 341 p. 351 p. 359 p. 375 p. 385

Conclusions and Recommendations

p. 403

Conclusions et Recommandations

VI

INTRODUCTION

The problem of the use (and abuse) of mortars in historic buildings must be considered a prominent one, if one thinks of the vital role that mortar properties play in the funcioning of a structure and its outer skin. Yet this domain has received, up to the present moment, far less attention than that of the conservation of stone, a material which is comparatively less important from a quantitative point of view but is more in the public eye beca.use ma.ny important works of art or famous structures are carved in stone. This lack of attention leads to a series of unfortunate consequ- ences such as those given below : a, mortars and renderings are an important source of histor- ical information, which is insufficiently exploited ; their study is neglected, and original materials are often destroyed without preservation of samples and proper documentation ; b. injection of grouts is used to stabilize old masonry without any theoretical consideration of requirements for the material to be injected and of the future behaviour of the grouted structures under environmental stresses ; c. mortars of insufficient porosity and excessive strength, which form dangerous by-products in their setting reactions. are frequently used in contact with old masonry and even near import- ant works of art (mural paintings, stuccoes or bas-reliefs). This list is by no means exhaustive; undoubtedly other lament- able effects of the neglect of mortar studies can be easily added. With such considerations in mind, ICCROM decided to devote its 1981 annual technical symposium to mortars and grouts in old buildings, including both the study of old materials and the use of new ones. 1 A survey of the available technical literature allowed us to draft a list of persons active in the field, who could make an interesting contribution to the symposium. We are quite conscious, however, that some relevant research programmes and interested specialists may have never been aware of the meeting, as it was publicized only in journals and newsletters devoted to conservation, and our initial list of invited experts was obviously incomplete. Notwithstanding such limitations, we were fortunate enough to bring together about seventy professionals who attended three days (3, 4 and 5 November, 1981) of meetings devoted to the presentation and discussion of 26 papers. ICCROM also presented two symposium papers produced in its research programmes. The studies were carried out by former course participants under the supervision of ICCROM technical staff and with the cooperation of scientific laboratories in Rome. It is a tradition of ICCROM technical symposia that an attempt is made to give some propulsion to further activities in the domainquotesdbs_dbs24.pdfusesText_30

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