Computer Organization and Architecture Lecture Notes
To distinguish this new method of programming a sequence of codes or instructions is called software. 1.3 Hardware and Software approaches. Figure 1.3b
Lecture Note On Microprocessor and Microcontroller Theory and
Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) processors. 2. 8085 MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE. The 8085 microprocessor is an 8-bit processor available as a 40-pin
Proposed Syllabus by C.S.J.M.UniversityKanpur. Bachelors of
BCA-S202T Data Structure Using C & C++. 3 0 0 3. BCA-S203. Computer Architecture & Assembly Language. 3 1 0 4. BCA-S204. Business Economics.
Computer Architecture and Assembly Language
Processor architecture. ? Memory. ? Memory mapping. ? Execution flow. ? Object file formats. ? Assembly programming. ? Focus on x86.
mano-m-m-computer-system-architecture.pdf
some experience in assembly language programming with a microcomputer problems associated with computer hardware architecture and design. A solu.
CS8491 – COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE LESSION NOTES UNIT I
Course Material (Lecture Notes) A programming language? • A compiler? ... Computer Architect must balance speed and cost across the system.
COMPILER DESIGN LECTURE NOTES Bachelor of Technology
Such a mnemonic machine language is now called an assembly language. 2.0 INTRODUCTION: In computer programming a one-pass compiler is a compiler that.
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LECTURE NOTES
The C compiler translates source to assembly code. The source code is received from the preprocessor. Assembler. The assembler creates object code. On a UNIX
LECTURE NOTES EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN
specification architecture design
CCS UNIVERSITY MEERUT BCA SYLLABUS
BCA-306P. BCA-307P. COURSE NAME. Object Oriented Programming Using C++ (C++). Data Structure Using C & C++ (DSC). Computer Architecture & Assembly Language
Computer Architecture and Assembly Language
Gabriel Laskar
EPITA 2015License
ICopyrightc
2004-2005, ACU, Benoit Perrot
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2004-2008, Alexandre Becoulet
ICopyrightc
2009-2013, Nicolas Pouillon
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2014, Joël Porquet
ICopyrightc
2015, Gabriel Laskar
Permission is granted to copy, distribute
and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version1.2 or any later version published by the Free
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Introduction
Part I
Introduction
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IntroductionProblem definition
1: IntroductionProblem definition
Outline
Gabriel Laskar (EPITA)
CAAL20 154 / 378
IntroductionProblem definition
What are we trying to learn?
Computer Architecture
What is in the hardware?
IA bit of history of computers, current machines
I Concepts and conventions: processing, memory, communication, optimizationHow does a machine run code?
IProgram execution model
IMemory mapping, OS support
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IntroductionProblem definition
What are we trying to learn?
Assembly Language
How to "talk" with the machine directly?
IMechanisms involved
IAssembly language structure and usage
ILow-level assembly language features
IC inline assembly
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IntroductionProblem definition
Who do I talk to?I
System gurusI
Low-level enthusiastsI
ProgrammersI
Wise managers Gabriel Laskar (EPITA)CAAL 20 157 / 378IntroductionProblem definition
Who do I talk to?I
System gurusI
Low-level enthusiastsI
ProgrammersI
Wise managers Gabriel Laskar (EPITA)CAAL 20 157 / 378IntroductionProblem definition
Who do I talk to?I
System gurusI
Low-level enthusiastsI
Programmers
C/C++I
Wise managers Gabriel Laskar (EPITA)CAAL 20 157 / 378IntroductionProblem definition
Who do I talk to?I
System gurusI
Low-level enthusiastsI
Programmers
C/C++,Objective-CI
Wise managers Gabriel Laskar (EPITA)CAAL 20 157 / 378IntroductionProblem definition
Who do I talk to?I
System gurusI
Low-level enthusiastsI
Programmers
C/C++,Objective-C,C#I
Wise managers Gabriel Laskar (EPITA)CAAL 20 157 / 378IntroductionProblem definition
Who do I talk to?I
System gurusI
Low-level enthusiastsI
Programmers
C/C++,Objective-C,C#,JavaI
Wise managers Gabriel Laskar (EPITA)CAAL 20 157 / 378IntroductionProblem definition
Who do I talk to?I
System gurusI
Low-level enthusiastsI
Programmers
C/C++,Objective-C,C#,Java,JS/ASI
Wise managers Gabriel Laskar (EPITA)CAAL 20 157 / 378IntroductionProblem definition
Who do I talk to?I
System gurusI
Low-level enthusiastsI
Programmers at
any level: (C/C++,Objective-C,C#,Java,JS/AS, etc.)I Wise managers Gabriel Laskar (EPITA)CAAL 20 157 / 378IntroductionProblem definition
Who do I talk to?I
System gurusI
Low-level enthusiastsI
Programmers at
any level: (C/C++,Objective-C,C#,Java,JS/AS, etc.)I Wise managers Gabriel Laskar (EPITA)CAAL 20 157 / 378IntroductionOutline
1: IntroductionProblem definition
Outline
Gabriel Laskar (EPITA)
CAAL20 158 / 378
IntroductionOutline
Course outline
IProcessor architecture
IMemory
IMemory mapping
IExecution flow
IObject file formats
IAssembly programming
IFocus on x86
IFocus on RISC processors
ICPU-aware optimizations
IMulti-/Many-core, heterogeneous systems
Gabriel Laskar (EPITA)
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Processor architecture
Part II
Processor architecture
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Processor architectureOver view
2: Processor architectureOverview
Inside the processor
Processor units
Instructions
Instruction flow
Pipeline processor
CISC & RISC architectures
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Processor architectureOver view
What a processor is...
A processor must be able to perform the following basic tasks: IExecute instructions
IRead operands
IStore results
It needs several basic units to perform those tasks: IA control unit
IAn arithmetic and logical unit (ALU)
IA register bankLet"s design it!
Gabriel Laskar (EPITA)
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Processor architectureOver view
What a processor is...
A processor must be able to perform the following basic tasks: IExecute instructions
IRead operands
IStore results
It needs several basic units to perform those tasks: IA control unit
IAn arithmetic and logical unit (ALU)
IA register bankLet"s design it!
Gabriel Laskar (EPITA)
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Processor architectureOver view
Basic architectureControl Unit
ALUR1 R0 = 0123 = 0100 = 0023R5R4R3R2
RegistersGabriel Laskar (EPITA)CAAL 2015 13 / 378
Processor architectureOver view
Basic architecture (2)
In this model, the system state is entirely contained in the processor. I This might be sufficient for a very basic processor I More features could be leveraged by adding registers or program stepsUnfortunately, IInternal memory is expensive and hard to design
IThere is no communication
I Updating the program may not be easyWe need an access to memory, external devices, etc.Gabriel Laskar (EPITA)
CAAL2015 14 / 378
Processor architectureOver view
Basic architecture (2)
In this model, the system state is entirely contained in the processor. I This might be sufficient for a very basic processor I More features could be leveraged by adding registers or program stepsUnfortunately, IInternal memory is expensive and hard to design
IThere is no communication
I Updating the program may not be easyWe need an access to memory, external devices, etc.Gabriel Laskar (EPITA)
CAAL2015 14 / 378
Processor architectureOver view
Basic architecture (2)
In this model, the system state is entirely contained in the processor. I This might be sufficient for a very basic processor I More features could be leveraged by adding registers or program stepsUnfortunately, IInternal memory is expensive and hard to design
IThere is no communication
I Updating the program may not be easyWe need an access to memory, external devices, etc.Gabriel Laskar (EPITA)
CAAL2015 14 / 378
Processor architectureOver view
Revised processor model
A processor must be able to perform the following basic tasks: I Fetch instructions from an external entity and understand them (fetch anddecode) IExecute instructions
IStore results
to registers o rexternal memo ryIt needs several basic units to perform those tasks: IA control unit
IAn arithmetic and logical unit (ALU)
IA register bank
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