COMPUTER HARDWARE & NETWORK MAINTENANCE
Reads technical manuals and brochures to determine equipment which meets establishment requirements. Visits vendors to learn about available products or
CITS-CHNM-NSQF-6.pdf
“Computer Hardware & Networking Maintenance” CITS trade is Manual Training Teacher/Craft Instructor; instructs students in ITIs/Vocational Training.
COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING AND NETWORKING
Diploma in Electronics and Communication. Engineering. Course Code: 1040. M – Scheme e-TEXTBOOK on. COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING AND. NETWORKING.
Untitled
Students will learn to install test and repair computer hardware
Workshop on Computer Hardware and Network
Introduction of Hardware and Software/components of computer. You can easily calculate that as many as 400 pages of printed book can be stored on a ...
COMPUTER HARDWARE REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE
24-May-2017 NIC (Network Interface Card) used to describe tools that allow your computer to connect and communicate with various input and output devices.
Syllabus for the Trade
Computer Hardware & Networking Maintenance. (TRADE TECHNOLOGY - I &TRADE TECHNOLOGY - II). Under. CRAFT INSTRUCTOR TRAINING SCHEME (CITS). Re-Designed.
COMPUTER HARDWARE & NETWORK MAINTENANCE
Reads technical manuals and brochures to determine equipment which meets establishment requirements. Visits vendors to learn about available products or
COMPUTER HARDWARE & NETWORK MAINTENANCE
Reads technical manuals and brochures to determine equipment which meets establishment requirements. Visits vendors to learn about available products or
COMPUTER HARDWARE & NETWORK MAINTENANCE
Diode specifications using data book. c) Forward and reverse characteristics of diode. Testing diodes using. Multimeter. d) Half wave and Full.
COMPUTERHARDWAREREPAIRSANDMAINTENANCE
Presenta(onByAkusaPeterAker
nd -24 thMay,2017
1ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Objec>ves
KnowledgeofComputerHardware
Iden(fycomputerhardwareIssues/Problems determinefaultyComputerhardware KnowBasiccomputertroubleshoo(ng(ps KnowledgeofOpera(ngSystemand device
Drivers
Iden(fyhardwarePeripherals Basicknowledgeofsafeguardinghardware Applytheknowledgetorepair/maintaina computer.2ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
LearningtheCOMPUTERBasics
3ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
WhatisaComputer?
• Anelectronicdevice,oper a(ngunderthecontrol ofinstruc(onsstored initsownmemory,thatcan: - Acceptdata(input)- Processthedataaccordingtospecified rules(process) - Produceresults(output)- Storetheresults (storage) forfuture use.4ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
WhatisaComputer?...
5ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Examples and type of computer
6ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
SmartphoneNotebookDesktopPDATablet
Mainframe
SupercomputersWearableComputers
Computer System is functional only if :
usersSoTware
Hardware
7ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Basic Hardware components
Hardware represents the physical and tangible components of a computer i.e. the components that can be seen and touched. Examples of Hardware are following:Inputdevices:keyboard,mouseetc.Outputdivices:printer,monitor,speakeretc.Secondarystoragedevices:Harddisk,CD,DVDetc.Internalcomponents:CPU,motherboard,RAMetc.
8ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
ComputerHardware
9ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
HardwareComponents
Case/SystemUnit.Thecomputercase(alsocalledatowe r)istheboxthatenclosesmanyoftheparts/componentsofthecomputerPowerSupplyorSMPS(SwitchedModePowerSupply ).ConvertsACvoltagefromthewalloutlettoDCvoltagethecomputercanuse.Itsupp liesDC voltagesforintern alcomputercomponentsandhasafantokeepthecomputercool.Processor & Fan.Theprocessoristhemain"brain"ofacomputersystemwhiletheFanhelp toprevent overhea(ngofthevariouselectr oniccomponentsMotherboard. Themotherboardisalargeelectronic boardthatisusedtoconnectthepowersuppl ytovario usotherelectronicparts,andtoholdthesepartsinplaceonthecomputer.RAM(RandomAccessMemoryq shorttermmemorythatisusedtostoredocumentswhiletheyarebeingprocessed.q Theamountof RAMinacomputer determinethespeedofacomputer.q RAMa]ach estothemotherboard viasomespecificslots.NIC(N etworkInterfaceCard)used todescribetoolsthatallowyourcomputertoconnectand communicatewith variousinputandoutputdevices.
10ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Hardware Components cont...
Drives.q Acom puter'sdrivesarethedevicesusedforlongter mstorage ofinforma(on.e.g.HardDisk,FlashDi sketc.q harddrive-Orharddisk,isacommonstoragedeviceformaintaining filesinsidethecomputer,us uallymou ntedbeloworbesidethefloppydrive.q CDdrive-q Holdsdisks(CD s)thathavedata,music,orsocwareapplica(ons.q DVD(Digita lVersa>leDisk)drive-Popularalterna(vetoaCD drivethatsupportsCDsaswellasmusicandvideoDVDs.q FlashDrive-NIC(NetworkInterfaceCard)(NIC)isacomputer hardwarecomponentthatallowsacomputer toconnecttoanetwork.NICsmaybeusedforbothwiredandwirelessconnec(ons.ANICi salsokno wnasane tworkinterfacecontroller(NIC) ornetworkcard,LANcard,n etworkadapter ornetworkadaptercard(NAC).ComputerHarddiskareoftwo types,IDE(Integrateddriveelectronics)-q Hasarib bon likecablewitheither a40-pinor80 -pinconnector.q TheIDEdatatransferinterfacerunsinparallel.SATA(SerialAdvancedTechnologyA\achment)-q hasanarr owercable withasplitdataandpowerconnec(ons.q Ithasa7-pincableandamuchfasterdatatransferrate.q MostmotherboardsnowsupportSATAq Wellknowhardd iskmanufactures areSeagate,Wes ternDigitaletc.Peripheralhardware.q Arethecomp utercompo nentsthatarenotfoundwithinthecomputercaseq Itisdefinedasanyauxiliarydevicethatconn ectstoandworkswiththecomputerin someway. E.g.mouse,microphoneandkeyboard,monitor,printerandspeakersetc.
11ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
WhatisComputerPorts?
Port:Isacon nec toronthemotherboardorona
separateadapterthatallowsadevicetoconnecttoacom pute r;thesemayincludekeyboard ,mouse,serial,parallel,network,sound,orvideoports.
q Portsvar ywiththetype ofequipme ntthat connectstotheports. q Portshavegraduallychangedover(meas12ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Portcontd...
q Maleports-Have pinsthat protrudeoutfromtheconn ectorandrequireacablewithafemaleconnector. q Femaleports.Haveholesintheconnectortoacceptthemale cable'spins.13ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Ports...
• D-shellconnector-Aconnectorwithmorepinsorholesonthetoprowthanonthebo]omsothataconnectedcablecanonlybea]achedinonedirec(onandnotaccidentallyconnectedthewrongway;generallyrep resentedwith thele]ersDBandthenumberofpinssuchas,DB-9,DB-15,orDB-25.
• DINconnector -Rou ndwithsmallho lesand normallykeyed;thekeyboar dandmouseareusuallythistypeofconnectorwitheither5or6pins.14ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
USB.q A4-wireconnectortypeofportq Differentmodels(USB1.0,USB2.0andUSB3.0),q Co nnectallkindsofexte rnalUSBdevicese.g.externalharddisk,printer,scanner,mouse,keyboardetc.q MostofthecomputersprovidetwoUSBorthreeUSBportsasminimum.q Datatravels at12megabitspersecondsq USBcompliantdevicescangetpowerfromaUSBportTRS.TRS((p,ringandsleeve)portsAlsoknownasportsformini-jacksoraudiojacks.Theyarecommonlyusedtoconnectaudiodevicessuchasheadphonesandmicrophonestocomputers.HDMI(HighDefini(onMul(mediaInterface)q providesaninterfacebetween anyaudio/videosource,e.g.DVDplayer,orA/Vreceiverandanaudioand/orvideomonitor,suchasadigitalte levision(DTV),q HDMIs upportsstandard,enhanced, orhigh-defini(on video,plusmul(-channeldigitalaudioonasinglecable.SerialPort.D-ShellConnectorq usespinconnectors,q AlsoknownasaCOMport)canbea9-pinFemaleD-shellconnectorq Datatravelsat115kilobitspersecondParallelPort.(D-ShellConnector)q Thislongandslenderportisalsonolongercommonlyused,q Themostcommonparallelporthasholesfor25pins,q Usedforscannersandprintersq AlsocalledprinterportPS/2.DINConnectorsq Mostdesktopcomputershavetwooftheseroundportsforsixpinconnectors,oneforthemouseandoneforthekeyboard.GAMEPORT.D-ShellConnector.A15portpinusedtoconnectgames
15ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
IEEE1394ports-q As erialtechnologydevel opedbyAppleComputersom e(mescalledtheFireWireport.q A6-wirecable/port(4fordata,2forpower)q sp eedsof100,200,40 0,800, and1200Mbps.EthernetPortq ConnectstoanetworkandhighspeedInternet.q Connectnetworkcabletoacomputer.q ThisportresidesonanEthernetCard.q Datatrave lsat10megabitsto10 00 megabitspersecondsd ependingup onthenetworkbandwidth.VGAq Athreerow,q 15-pinfemaleD-shell connectorfornewerVGA,SVGA,XGA,SXGA,orUXGAmonitorsq Connectsmonitortoacompu ter'svideocard.q Similartoserialportc onnecto rbutserialportconnector haspins,i thasholes.ModemPortq ConnectsaPC'smodemtothetelephonenetwork.GamePort.q Connectajoys(cktoaPCq NowreplacedbyUSBSerialPort.MaleD-ShellConnectorq usespinconnectors,q itisnolongercommonlyused,q Itw asu sedfor printers,mice, modemsandavarietyof otherdig ital devices.q Datatravelsat115kilobitspersecond
16ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
ArrangementofcomputerComponents/Ports
17ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
ComputerSoTware
18ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
WhatisaSoTware?SoTware.
definedfunc(on.AProgramis asequenc eo finstruc(onswri]entosolveapar(cularproblem. TypesofsoTwareq SystemSoTwareØ Thesystems ocwareiscollec(on ofprogramsdesigned to operate,control,an dextendth eprocessingcap abili(esofthecomputeritself. Ø Systemsocwareare generallypreparedbyc omputer manufactures. Ø Systemsocwareservesastheinterfacebetweenhardware andtheend users.e.g. Opera(ngSystem, Compilers,Interpreter,Assemblersetc.19ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Software Types and Categories...
Applica>onSoTware:
q Applica(onsocwareproductsare designedtosa(sfya par(cularneedofapar(cularenvironment. q Applica(onsocwaremayconsistofasingleprogram,suchasa q Itmayalsoconsistofacollec(onofprograms,ocencalledasocwarepackage,whichw orktogethertoaccompli shatask,suchasaspreadsheetpackage.e.g.PayrollSocware,StudentRecordSocware,InventoryManagementSocware,MicrosocOfficeSuiteSocware,AdobePremieresuitesetc.
• U>litySoTware.Allowacomputertoperformtasksthatarenotpartof the opera(ng system,b utares(ll prac(calanduseful.Forexample,au (li tysocwaremi ghtinstructacomputeronhowtocopy(burn)informa(ontoaCD-ROMdisk,oritmightbeanan(-virusprogram
20ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Proprietary Software vs. Open Source Software
Ø Theyarepropri etary,whichmeans
thattheiruse andmodifica(onarerestricted.Ø Theycanbequitecostlytobuylicensesfor.Ø theyarenotadaptabletomeetlocalneeds.Ø Someusers,par(cularlyindevelopingcountries,illegallyuseunlic ensed(alsoknownaspirate)copiesofthissocware.Ø Th isislegallyu nwise,and canalsokeeptheuserfromaccessingimportantsocwareupdates.
Ø Userswhocannotaffor dproprietary socwareorprefersoc warethatcan belocallymodified,canchoosetouseopensource(ocencalledfreeandopensourceorFOSS)socware.Ø Fo rmostofthe standardcompu teruses,anopensour cesoc wareop(onisavailable.E.g.Linuxfami ly ofopera(ngsystems(whichincludesUbuntu,andtheOpenOffice.orgproduc(vityprograms.Ø TheSourceForgewebsite(www.sourceforge.net)isagoodresourceforfindinganddownloadingopensource
programs.21ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
ExamplesandtypesofsoTware
22ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Rela>onshipBetweenHardware/SoTware
23ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Rela>onshipbetweenHardwareandSoTware
Hardware and software are mutually dependent on each other. Both of them must work together to make a computer produce a useful output.Software cannot be utilized without supporting hardware. Ha rdware without set of programs to operate upon
cannot be utilized and is useless. To get a par ticular job d one on the computer, relevant software should be loaded into the hardware . i.e. a device driver is needed.Hardware is a one-time expense.
24ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Software development is very expensive and is a continuing expense.Different software applicatio ns can be
loaded on a hardware to run different jobs.A software acts as an interface between the
user and the hardware.If Hardware is the 'hea rt' of a computer
system, then Software is its 'soul'. Both are complimentary to each other.ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance25
Rela>onshipbetweenHardwareandSoTware
Iden>fyingComputerProblems/Issues
26ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
HardwareorSocwareProblem?
27ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
q Werethereanyloudnoisesorsmokewhentheproble mfirstappeared?Theniti sprobablyahardwareproblem,withthemostlikelyculpritbeingtheSMPS(SwitchedModePowerSupply)unit.
Note:Makesureyou reducepossible "external"problemsbeforeproc eeding.Thismeansunpl uganyexternalde vices(suchasharddrives,scannersorprinters),andremoveanyUSBFlashdisk,CDorDVDdisksfromtheirdrives.
28ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
q Isthecomputeren(relydead?Orthescreenblank?Orthescreenshowingapoor/incompletepicture?Thesefaultsareprobablyalsoduetohardwareproblems.
q Doesthecomputerproduceaseriesofbeeps?Thisisa codethatcanbeu sedto dis(nguis hsomehardwareproblems. q Doesthesystem giveanye rrorcodesordes crip(onswhileboo(ng?The secanbeduetohardwareorsoTwareproblems.Takecarefulnoteofallinforma(ongivenintheerrorcode.
29ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
q Doesthecomputer produceerrorinforma>onacerithasbootedoronlywhenyouopenspe cificprograms? TheseerrorcodesareprobablyduetosoTwareproblems.
q Haveanyrec entchanges beenmadeto30ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
q Hasthecomputerbeenexposedtovirusesorothermalware?Thisco uldbeacauseof soTwareproblems.q UsetheDeviceManager.TheDeviceManagerwilllistallofthehardwaredevicesinstalledonaPC.Anydevicewithaproblem willhaveawarningsymbolnexttoit,anddoubleclickingonthatdevicewoul dgivedetailsandsuggeste dremediesfortheproblem.
Warningsymbol
31ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
ComputerMaintenance
32ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Computermaintenanceisnecessary...
v Checkharmfulmaterials e.g.dust,vir us,outdatedsoTware,faultyelectrical Power/gadgete.g.cables,sockets,extensionsetc.
v Checkanymalfunc(onsofperipherals.v Propermaintenancehelpstokeepthecomputer runningsmoothlyforyears.33ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
ComputerMaintenance...
Thesesteparefortheexperience
andprofessionalsonly!!Cau>on!!!•34ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Computermaintenance
Improvingslowperformance
DustControl.
Ø Dustisveryharmfulforcomputerparts.Ø Excessdustcancausem echanicalfailu res, par(cularlyoncomputercomponen tswithmovingparts.Ø Computersshouldbedusted regularlyby
usingcompressedairmachines.35ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
DiskDefragmenter.Usedtoorganizefi leso ntheharddriveandop(mizefree space, improvingthespeedand performanceofthecomputer.Someapplica(onsmayfailoutrightifthe diskbecomestoofragmented.ScanDisk/CheckNow:Forharddiskfaults,usescandisk/Checknowtoscantheharddiskforfaultsandev enrepair themifpossible.Thisop(onwillchecktheHarddiskforerrors.
36ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
ExcessandUnusedFiles.
DiskCleanup:
q Asahardd is kbecomesfu ll,thecomputer 'sperformanceisreduced.q Ittakesmore(metofindandaccessneededfiles.
q Defragmenta(onisnotassuccessfuldue toalackoffree spacetote mporarilymovefi lestowhiletheyarebeingrearranged.
q Therefore,itiswiseforacomputerusernottokeepfilesthatarenolongerneeded.q Filesthatha vebeenstored inauser'sdocumentsfolderthatarenolongerneeded(suchasextra photosorol derversionsofdo cuments) shouldbedeleted.
37ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
38ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Dele>ngBrowsingHistory.
§ Thebrowserstorestherecenthistoryoftheweb
pagesthattheuserhasviewed,§ Thismakeiteas iertofindandloadtheseweb
pagesagain.§ Thebrowser alsostoresothersmallbi tsof
informa(onsuchasdataenteredintoformsandusernamesorpasswordsifau serhasask edawebpageto" rememberme" (althou ghthisisnotagoodideaforsharedcomputers).
§ Thisstoredinforma(oncanbeeasilydeleted.
39ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Startupfolder
theStartupfold er,forcingtheprogram toautoma(callylaunchwhenyoutur nthecomputeronorlogin.Some(mesthisisdesirable,some(mesnot.Eitherw ay,thisprac(cem ayslowyourcomputerdowntovariousd egrees,andwith theprogramrunningallthe(me,mayslowdowntheperformanceofyourcomputer.
q DeletesomeoftheprogramsintheStartupfolder40ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
SoTwareInventory
Oncetheharddiskbecomesfull,acomputer's
performanceisreduced.Toavoidinstallingsocwarethatarenot necessary, systeminventorywillrequireyoukn owingwhatsocwareisnee ded/wantedon yourcomputer.
Note:Pleaseusecau(on whenuninstalli ng
41ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
ProtectyourPCfromcyber-threatsorMalware
Thebestwaystopreventvirusinfec#onsare:
q Keepingan(virussocwareuptodateandrunningscansonaregular basis q Strictpoliciesshouldbeputinplacetopreventvirusinfec(one.g. q Oth erpolicytoco nsideristheprohibi (onof downloading,since q Afirewallmayalsobeusedtoblocksdangerousdownloads.42ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
UPDATINGSOFTWARE
q Itisimportantforacomputerusertofind q Upda(ngsocwarecanbedoneinavariety ofways, Automa>cUpdates,Automa>cAlertsforUpdates,ManualUpda>ng,OfflineUpda>ng.43ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Overhea>ng
computerperformance. q Inordertocooldownanoverheatedcomputer q Alsocooltheroomwithfansorair-condi(oning.q Alsoverifythatallofthefansinthecomputer casearefunc(oningproperly.Note:Moderncomputershavesafeguardsthat
shutdownthe systemif acomponentis overhea(ng.44ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
InsufficientRAM
ComputerneedsufficientRA Mtoperform
Thisproblemismostlikelyifthecomputeris
ratheroldandhas hadanewer( andmore memorydemanding) opera(ngsysteminstalled.45ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Endurance:
Lastly,oneimportanthinttoalso keepin
mindwhenyouareusingacomputeristobepa(ent.Some(mes thecomputerhasto"think"too!(process) willreducetheperformanceofthecomputer.46ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
HARDWAREREPAIRS
47ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
HardwareRepair
q Repairmeanstorec(fy,tofixtheproblemeitherinthehardwareor q Itisanessen(alpartoftroubleshoo(ng.q Infind ingoranalyzingthefaults,itcanbedecidedwhichhardwareor socwarecanberepaired.48ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
GENERALGUIDELINESFORREPAIRINGCOMPUTERS
q Gathertogetheryourtoolkit:e.g.airblowingmachine,screwdrivers, socware,backupdisketc.q CheckforpowerFIRST,beforedoinganythingelse.10-15percentofallcomputerIssues/Problemsemanatefrompower
q Checkyourexternalconnec>onstothecomputer.Specifically,checkthemouse,keyboard,monitor,modemand/orprinter
q PerformthePowerOnSelfTest(POST)POSTisasetofproceduresthatacomputerrunsthrougheach(meitis49ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
GENERALGUIDELINESFORREPAIRINGCOMPUTERS
q Ifthecomputeriss>llmalfunc>oning,goaheadthenandopenthecase. q Cleananydustorforeignmaterialoutofthecasewhileit isopen.Some(mes,insectswillnestinsidethecaseaswell.Allofthisneedstobecleanedoutbeforeyoucloseupthecase.Takeprecau(o nstoavoidinhalingexcessdust, andconsiderusingprotec(veeyewareifnecessary.
50ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
GENERALGUIDELINESFORREPAIRINGCOMPUTERS
q Trytobootthecomputertotheharddrive,ortoabootableCD/DVDdiskifnecessary. q Ch ecktheCMOSset upprogram, andcorrect anyconfigura>on problems. q Lookforunwantedchanges.Someonemayhaveturnedthebrightnessdownonamonitor,ortheLANstaffmayhavechangedyourPC'sconfigura(onwithoutyourknowledge(orapproval), oraninstalla(onprogrammayh avecorru ptedyo ursocware.Lookforrecentchangesinyoursystem'sopera(on.Youmayneedtorunanuninstallerprogramtoremedysocware-relatedproblems.
q Isolatetheproblemtoonepieceofhardware,oronesoTwarepackage.q Whenallthesefails,thenconsultaprofessional.
51ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
q Firstofall,checkifthecomputerispluggedintoanACoutletproperly.q Pluganotherelectricaldeviceintotheoutlettobesurethattheoutletis
q AcerthePOSTanditisconfirmsthat,thecomputerisproducingalloftheusualstartupsoun dsandlights,bu tthemonitorisnotdis playingan yinforma(on,perhapsthereisaproblemwiththemonitor.Makesurethatitis connected toapowersource,andalsothat theVGA cab leisconnectedtothecomputer.
52ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Thecomputerscreenisblank
Ifthescreenisblank,thecomputermaynotbe
settodisplaytheimageonthecomputerscreen. q First,checkifthe monitorisplugged intoa poweroutletandisconnectedtothecomputersecurelyandmakesurethemo nitorpowe rbu]onison. q Ifthep owerligh tisnoton,itmeans thatthe outletisnotdel iveringp owertoth emonitor.Fixingthepoweroutletinsuchcasesshouldhelpsolvetheissue.53ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
TheBluescreen-Theseerrorsareocencausedby
Ø Poorlyfunc(oningdevicedrivers,Ø Hardwareproblems(suchasmemory,powersuppliesorsystem overhea(ng), Ø Problemswiththesystemsocware.Ø Theop(onofSystemrecoveryandbackupservicewillrestoreyour54ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
• OSorsom eSocware isfunc(oning abnormally-IftheOpera(ngSystem(OS)or someothersocwareisunresponsiveorrespondsabnormally,
scan. onthecomputertofixthisissue. • Windowsdonotboo tproperly-If window sdonotboot55ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Thecomputer isonbutnot respondin g-the computer isonbutnotrespondingtosocwareorkeyboardcommands,thenitmustbefrozenorhalted.
Immediatesolu>on:Ø Pressandholdthepowerbu]onforatleast5seconds,Ø itwillbeturnoff.Ø Nowrestartyourcomputer.Thisshouldfixtheproblem.
expected.Immediatesolu>on:Ø turnitonaccordingtoManufacturersinstruc(on;Ø besureth atalldevicecon nec(on saresec ureandreceivingele ctrical
powerØ Besurethedeviceiscompa(blewiththeopera(ngsystem.Ø Andthatthecorrectdriversareinstalledandupdated.
56ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
TroubleshootPOSTerror
appear?Troubleshoo>ngFlowchart
57ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
MostcommonBasiccomputerHardwareRepairs
ReplacingaPowerSupply.T hepowersupplyfailureisacommonprobleminourcountry.Thisisduetoanunevenor"poor"voltageandpowersurges.
• ReplacingaHardDrive orform aingand installingFreshOPERATINGSYSTEM. • ReplacingRAM.RAMcanfailorcanloosefromitshousin gandneedtobereseated. Ifacomputerneedsneworadd i(onalRAM,itisimportanttomakesurethat theRAM usediscompa(blewiththecomputersystem.RAMisveryeasilydamagedbyelectrosta(ccharges,soitisveryimportantfortheusertobegroundedbeforepickingupRAM.AlsoRAMshouldonlybehandledbytheedges.
58ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Peripheral Hardware Use and Maintenance Peripheralhardwarewillalsolast longerifitiswell maintained.Peripheralhardwaresuchasprinters,scannerswilllastlongerifpropercareaboutheat,dustandpowersurgecontrolistakingtoconsidera(on.
Troubleshoo>ngandfixingPrinterproblemsq Let'sassumethatyourprinter'sdriversareup-to-date,q andthatithasenoughpaperandinkortonertoprint.q Tryturningtheprinteroffandon.q Unplugtheprinterandplugitbackin.q Checkyourprinter'sprintqueuebylookingfortheprintericoninthe
systemtrayanddouble-clickingit. q Theprintqueueshowsyouthestatusofeachjobaswellasthegeneral statusofyourprinter.q makesurethat'UsePrinterOffline'isn'tselected.q Ensurethat'UsePrinterOffline'isn'tchecked.q Some(mes,prin(ngwhileyourprinteristurnedoffcancauseWindowsto
59ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
MALWARE
60ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Virus ormobile opera(ons,gathersens i(veinforma(on,gainaccesstoprivatecomp uters ystems,ordisplayu nwanted • Bootsector• FileAlloca(onTable• Par((ontable• .Comand.Exe.Files.61ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Deadlyeffectofvirus
q Deletefilesq Changefiles,q Stealimportantinforma(on,q loadunwantedapplica(onsq Senddocumentsviaelectronicmail(e-mail),q Crippleamachine'sOpera(ngsystem(OS),thebasicsocware
thatrunsthecomputer.62ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Viruswarningsigns
q The computer's performance slows down considerably. q Programs don't function as thy should. They either don't start, or if they start, they stop or do not give the desired output.q Computer fails to boot. q Files and folders keep disappearing without anybody deleting them. q The comput er crashes or freezes indiscrimi nately such as pr ogram not responding
errors.q The computer keeps showing out -of -memory space messages or strange dialog boxes. q Programs and windows popping up randomly. q Disk can not be accessed q New icons and programs get installed automatically. q Printing doesn't work correctly q Windows shuts down or restarts unexpectedly. q A partition in the system disappears automatically. q File size changes for no apparent reason q An increase in the number of files on the system when nothing has been added.
63ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
AGoodVirusProtec>onProgramshould:
Scanforviruses:
Cleanupthevirus: m ust be abletogetridofthevirusitfindsonyour computer;otherwise,itisuseless. manufacturerforinforma(ononnewviruses,64ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
CONCLUSION:BestPrac>cesandDosandDon'ts
q Alwaysensurethatthe powerhasbeenturned offbef oreinstal lingortroubleshoo(nganyhardwarepartofthecomputer.
q Beforeopeningacomp utercase,alwaysunplugthe po wercordfromyour computer. q Acerunpluggingthepowercordfromyourcase,Holdthepowerbu\oninforat q Alwaysgroundyourselftothecaseframewhiletouchinganyinsidecomponents. q Keepallliquidsaway.q Avoidinstallingcomponentswhenthecomputerisinopera(on. q Wheninstallingany,peripheralordevice,alwaysreadtheinstalla(oninstruc(ons65ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
CONCLUSION:BestPrac>cesandDosandDon'ts
q Whenfipng/handlingprocessoronmotherboardalwaysweargloves q Alwayschoosetoshutdownyoucomputerbyclickingshutdown.Avoidswitchingofthe powerdirectlyfromthemainswitch. q Ifelec tricalpowerislost,switcho ffallcomputerdevi cesfrom themainstoavoid any problemsduetopowersurge.q Always"eject"USBdevicesfromtheopera(ngsystembeforedisconnec(ngthem.q Upgradethean(-virusregularly.q AlwaysuseUPS(uninterrup(blePowersupply)-Thiswillkeepyourcomputerfromcrashing
duringpoweroutages,an dwillprotectyour computerfromlowand highvol tageoccurrences. • Uninstallsocwareby- "Add/RemoveProgram"func(oninControlPanel- uninstallfunc(onofapplica(ons66ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
q Backupdata,ifpossible,beforemakingchanges.q ChecktoensurethatspeakersisnotmutedthroughtheControlPanelq MaintainingtheBa\eryforyourLaptopMostlaptopba]erieswilllastatleastfourhourswhenfullycharged.Ifnotmaintained,
Condi>ontheba\eryformaximumperformance1. Dischargetheba]ery-usetheba]eryun(lthelowba]erywarningemerges.2. Chargetheba]ery-usetheACadapterun(ltheba]eryisfullycharged.3. ThenimmediatelydisconnecttheACadapterfromthenotebook.Theprocedureabove
67ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
ThankyouandGodBlessyouall.
68ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
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