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COMPUTERHARDWAREREPAIRSANDMAINTENANCE

Presenta(onByAkusaPeterAker

nd -24 th

May,2017

1ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

Objec>ves

KnowledgeofComputerHardware

Iden(fycomputerhardwareIssues/Problems determinefaultyComputerhardware KnowBasiccomputertroubleshoo(ng(ps KnowledgeofOpera(ngSystemand device

Drivers

Iden(fyhardwarePeripherals Basicknowledgeofsafeguardinghardware Applytheknowledgetorepair/maintaina computer.

2ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

LearningtheCOMPUTERBasics

3ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

WhatisaComputer?

• Anelectronicdevice,oper a(ngunderthecontrol ofinstruc(onsstored initsownmemory,thatcan: - Acceptdata(input)- Processthedataaccordingtospecified rules(process) - Produceresults(output)- Storetheresults (storage) forfuture use.

4ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

WhatisaComputer?...

5ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

Examples and type of computer

6ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

SmartphoneNotebookDesktopPDATablet

Mainframe

SupercomputersWearableComputers

Computer System is functional only if :

users

SoTware

Hardware

7ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

Basic Hardware components

Hardware represents the physical and tangible components of a computer i.e. the components that can be seen and touched. Examples of Hardware are following:Inputdevices:keyboard,mouseetc.Outputdivices:printer,monitor,speakeretc.Secondarystoragedevices:Harddisk,CD,DVDetc.Internalcomponents:CPU,motherboard,RAMetc.

8ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

ComputerHardware

9ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

HardwareComponents

Case/SystemUnit.Thecomputercase(alsocalledatowe r)istheboxthatenclosesmanyoftheparts/componentsofthecomputerPowerSupplyorSMPS(SwitchedModePowerSupply ).ConvertsACvoltagefromthewalloutlettoDCvoltagethecomputercanuse.Itsupp liesDC voltagesforintern alcomputercomponentsandhasafantokeepthecomputercool.Processor & Fan.Theprocessoristhemain"brain"ofacomputersystemwhiletheFanhelp toprevent overhea(ngofthevariouselectr oniccomponentsMotherboard. Themotherboardisalargeelectronic boardthatisusedtoconnectthepowersuppl ytovario usotherelectronicparts,andtoholdthesepartsinplaceonthecomputer.RAM(RandomAccessMemoryq shorttermmemorythatisusedtostoredocumentswhiletheyarebeingprocessed.q Theamountof RAMinacomputer determinethespeedofacomputer.q RAMa]ach estothemotherboard viasomespecificslots.NIC(N etworkInterfaceCard)used todescribetoolsthatallowyourcomputertoconnectand communicatewith variousinputandoutputdevices.

10ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

Hardware Components cont...

Drives.q Acom puter'sdrivesarethedevicesusedforlongter mstorage ofinforma(on.e.g.HardDisk,FlashDi sketc.q harddrive-Orharddisk,isacommonstoragedeviceformaintaining filesinsidethecomputer,us uallymou ntedbeloworbesidethefloppydrive.q CDdrive-q Holdsdisks(CD s)thathavedata,music,orsocwareapplica(ons.q DVD(Digita lVersa>leDisk)drive-Popularalterna(vetoaCD drivethatsupportsCDsaswellasmusicandvideoDVDs.q FlashDrive-NIC(NetworkInterfaceCard)(NIC)isacomputer hardwarecomponentthatallowsacomputer toconnecttoanetwork.NICsmaybeusedforbothwiredandwirelessconnec(ons.ANICi salsokno wnasane tworkinterfacecontroller(NIC) ornetworkcard,LANcard,n etworkadapter ornetworkadaptercard(NAC).ComputerHarddiskareoftwo types,IDE(Integrateddriveelectronics)-q Hasarib bon likecablewitheither a40-pinor80 -pinconnector.q TheIDEdatatransferinterfacerunsinparallel.SATA(SerialAdvancedTechnologyA\achment)-q hasanarr owercable withasplitdataandpowerconnec(ons.q Ithasa7-pincableandamuchfasterdatatransferrate.q MostmotherboardsnowsupportSATAq Wellknowhardd iskmanufactures areSeagate,Wes ternDigitaletc.Peripheralhardware.q Arethecomp utercompo nentsthatarenotfoundwithinthecomputercaseq Itisdefinedasanyauxiliarydevicethatconn ectstoandworkswiththecomputerin someway. E.g.mouse,microphoneandkeyboard,monitor,printerandspeakersetc.

11ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

WhatisComputerPorts?

Port:

Isacon nec toronthemotherboardorona

separateadapterthatallowsadevicetoconnecttoacom pute r;thesemayincludekeyboard ,mouse,serial,parallel,network,sound,orvideoports.

q Portsvar ywiththetype ofequipme ntthat connectstotheports. q Portshavegraduallychangedover(meas

12ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

Portcontd...

q Maleports-Have pinsthat protrudeoutfromtheconn ectorandrequireacablewithafemaleconnector. q Femaleports.Haveholesintheconnectortoacceptthemale cable'spins.

13ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

Ports...

• D-shellconnector-Aconnectorwithmorepinsorholesonthetoprowthanonthebo]omsothataconnectedcablecanonlybea]achedinonedirec(onandnotaccidentallyconnectedthewrongway;generallyrep resentedwith thele]ersDBandthenumberofpinssuchas,DB-9,DB-15,orDB-25.

• DINconnector -Rou ndwithsmallho lesand normallykeyed;thekeyboar dandmouseareusuallythistypeofconnectorwitheither5or6pins.

14ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

USB.q A4-wireconnectortypeofportq Differentmodels(USB1.0,USB2.0andUSB3.0),q Co nnectallkindsofexte rnalUSBdevicese.g.externalharddisk,printer,scanner,mouse,keyboardetc.q MostofthecomputersprovidetwoUSBorthreeUSBportsasminimum.q Datatravels at12megabitspersecondsq USBcompliantdevicescangetpowerfromaUSBportTRS.TRS((p,ringandsleeve)portsAlsoknownasportsformini-jacksoraudiojacks.Theyarecommonlyusedtoconnectaudiodevicessuchasheadphonesandmicrophonestocomputers.HDMI(HighDefini(onMul(mediaInterface)q providesaninterfacebetween anyaudio/videosource,e.g.DVDplayer,orA/Vreceiverandanaudioand/orvideomonitor,suchasadigitalte levision(DTV),q HDMIs upportsstandard,enhanced, orhigh-defini(on video,plusmul(-channeldigitalaudioonasinglecable.SerialPort.D-ShellConnectorq usespinconnectors,q AlsoknownasaCOMport)canbea9-pinFemaleD-shellconnectorq Datatravelsat115kilobitspersecondParallelPort.(D-ShellConnector)q Thislongandslenderportisalsonolongercommonlyused,q Themostcommonparallelporthasholesfor25pins,q Usedforscannersandprintersq AlsocalledprinterportPS/2.DINConnectorsq Mostdesktopcomputershavetwooftheseroundportsforsixpinconnectors,oneforthemouseandoneforthekeyboard.GAMEPORT.D-ShellConnector.A15portpinusedtoconnectgames

15ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

IEEE1394ports-q As erialtechnologydevel opedbyAppleComputersom e(mescalledtheFireWireport.q A6-wirecable/port(4fordata,2forpower)q sp eedsof100,200,40 0,800, and1200Mbps.EthernetPortq ConnectstoanetworkandhighspeedInternet.q Connectnetworkcabletoacomputer.q ThisportresidesonanEthernetCard.q Datatrave lsat10megabitsto10 00 megabitspersecondsd ependingup onthenetworkbandwidth.VGAq Athreerow,q 15-pinfemaleD-shell connectorfornewerVGA,SVGA,XGA,SXGA,orUXGAmonitorsq Connectsmonitortoacompu ter'svideocard.q Similartoserialportc onnecto rbutserialportconnector haspins,i thasholes.ModemPortq ConnectsaPC'smodemtothetelephonenetwork.GamePort.q Connectajoys(cktoaPCq NowreplacedbyUSBSerialPort.MaleD-ShellConnectorq usespinconnectors,q itisnolongercommonlyused,q Itw asu sedfor printers,mice, modemsandavarietyof otherdig ital devices.q Datatravelsat115kilobitspersecond

16ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

ArrangementofcomputerComponents/Ports

17ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

ComputerSoTware

18ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

WhatisaSoTware?SoTware.

definedfunc(on.AProgramis asequenc eo finstruc(onswri]entosolveapar(cularproblem. TypesofsoTwareq SystemSoTwareØ Thesystems ocwareiscollec(on ofprogramsdesigned to operate,control,an dextendth eprocessingcap abili(esofthecomputeritself. Ø Systemsocwareare generallypreparedbyc omputer manufactures. Ø Systemsocwareservesastheinterfacebetweenhardware andtheend users.e.g. Opera(ngSystem, Compilers,Interpreter,Assemblersetc.

19ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

Software Types and Categories...

Applica>onSoTware:

q Applica(onsocwareproductsare designedtosa(sfya par(cularneedofapar(cularenvironment. q Applica(onsocwaremayconsistofasingleprogram,suchasa q Itmayalsoconsistofacollec(onofprograms,ocencalleda

socwarepackage,whichw orktogethertoaccompli shatask,suchasaspreadsheetpackage.e.g.PayrollSocware,StudentRecordSocware,InventoryManagementSocware,MicrosocOfficeSuiteSocware,AdobePremieresuitesetc.

• U>litySoTware.Allowacomputertoperformtasksthatare

notpartof the opera(ng system,b utares(ll prac(calanduseful.Forexample,au (li tysocwaremi ghtinstructacomputeronhowtocopy(burn)informa(ontoaCD-ROMdisk,oritmightbeanan(-virusprogram

20ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

Proprietary Software vs. Open Source Software

Ø Theyarepropri etary,whichmeans

thattheiruse andmodifica(onarerestricted.Ø Theycanbequitecostlytobuylicensesfor.Ø theyarenotadaptabletomeetlocalneeds.Ø Someusers,par(cularlyindevelopingcountries,illegallyuseunlic ensed(alsoknownaspirate)copiesofthissocware.Ø Th isislegallyu nwise,and canalsokeeptheuserfromaccessingimportantsocwareupdates.

Ø Userswhocannotaffor dproprietary socwareorprefersoc warethatcan belocallymodified,canchoosetouseopensource(ocencalledfreeandopensourceorFOSS)socware.Ø Fo rmostofthe standardcompu teruses,anopensour cesoc wareop(onisavailable.E.g.Linuxfami ly ofopera(ngsystems(whichincludesUbuntu,andtheOpenOffice.orgproduc(vityprograms.Ø TheSourceForgewebsite(www.sourceforge.net)isagoodresourceforfindinganddownloadingopensource

programs.

21ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

ExamplesandtypesofsoTware

22ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

Rela>onshipBetweenHardware/SoTware

23ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

Rela>onshipbetweenHardwareandSoTware

Hardware and software are mutually dependent on each other. Both of them must work together to make a computer produce a useful output.

Software cannot be utilized without supporting hardware. Ha rdware without set of programs to operate upon

cannot be utilized and is useless. To get a par ticular job d one on the computer, relevant software should be loaded into the hardware . i.e. a device driver is needed.

Hardware is a one-time expense.

24ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

Software development is very expensive and is a continuing expense.

Different software applicatio ns can be

loaded on a hardware to run different jobs.

A software acts as an interface between the

user and the hardware.

If Hardware is the 'hea rt' of a computer

system, then Software is its 'soul'. Both are complimentary to each other.

ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance25

Rela>onshipbetweenHardwareandSoTware

Iden>fyingComputerProblems/Issues

26ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

HardwareorSocwareProblem?

27ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

q Werethereanyloudnoisesorsmokewhen

theproble mfirstappeared?Theniti sprobablyahardwareproblem,withthemostlikelyculpritbeingtheSMPS(SwitchedModePowerSupply)unit.

Note:Makesureyou reducepossible "external"problemsbeforeproc eeding.Thismeansunpl uganyexternalde vices(suchasharddrives,scannersorprinters),andremoveanyUSBFlashdisk,CDorDVDdisksfromtheirdrives.

28ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

q Isthecomputeren(relydead?Orthescreenblank?Orthescreenshowingapoor/incompletepicture?Thesefaultsareprobablyalsoduetohardwareproblems.

q Doesthecomputerproduceaseriesofbeeps?Thisisa codethatcanbeu sedto dis(nguis hsomehardwareproblems. q Doesthesystem giveanye rrorcodesordes crip(ons

whileboo(ng?The secanbeduetohardwareorsoTwareproblems.Takecarefulnoteofallinforma(ongivenintheerrorcode.

29ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

q Doesthecomputer produceerrorinforma>onacerithasbootedoronlywhenyouopenspe cificprograms? TheseerrorcodesareprobablyduetosoTwareproblems.

q Haveanyrec entchanges beenmadeto

30ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

q Hasthecomputerbeenexposedtovirusesorothermalware?Thisco uldbeacauseof soTwareproblems.

q UsetheDeviceManager.TheDeviceManagerwilllistallofthehardwaredevicesinstalledonaPC.Anydevicewithaproblem willhaveawarningsymbolnexttoit,anddoubleclickingonthatdevicewoul dgivedetailsandsuggeste dremediesfortheproblem.

Warningsymbol

31ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

ComputerMaintenance

32ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

Computermaintenanceisnecessary...

v Checkharmfulmaterials e.g.dust,vir us,outdatedsoTware,faultyelectrical Power/gadgete.g.cables,sockets,extensionsetc.

v Checkanymalfunc(onsofperipherals.v Propermaintenancehelpstokeepthecomputer runningsmoothlyforyears.

33ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

ComputerMaintenance...

Thesesteparefortheexperience

andprofessionalsonly!!Cau>on!!!•

34ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

Computermaintenance

Improvingslowperformance

DustControl.

Ø Dustisveryharmfulforcomputerparts.Ø Excessdustcancausem echanicalfailu res, par(cularlyoncomputercomponen tswithmovingparts.

Ø Computersshouldbedusted regularlyby

usingcompressedairmachines.

35ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

DiskDefragmenter.Usedtoorganizefi leso ntheharddriveandop(mizefree space, improvingthespeedand performanceofthecomputer.Someapplica(onsmayfailoutrightifthe diskbecomestoofragmented.ScanDisk/CheckNow:Forharddiskfaults,usescandisk/Checknowtoscantheharddiskforfaultsandev enrepair themifpossible.Thisop(onwillchecktheHarddiskforerrors.

36ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

ExcessandUnusedFiles.

DiskCleanup:

q Asahardd is kbecomesfu ll,thecomputer 'sperformanceisreduced.q Ittakesmore(metofindandaccessneededfiles.

q Defragmenta(onisnotassuccessfuldue toalackoffree spacetote mporarilymovefi lestowhiletheyarebeingrearranged.

q Therefore,itiswiseforacomputerusernottokeepfilesthatarenolongerneeded.q Filesthatha vebeenstored inauser'sdocumentsfolderthatarenolongerneeded(suchasextra photosorol derversionsofdo cuments) shouldbedeleted.

37ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

38ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

Dele>ngBrowsingHistory.

§ Thebrowserstorestherecenthistoryoftheweb

pagesthattheuserhasviewed,

§ Thismakeiteas iertofindandloadtheseweb

pagesagain.

§ Thebrowser alsostoresothersmallbi tsof

informa(onsuchasdataenteredintoformsandusernamesorpasswordsifau serhasask edawebpageto" rememberme" (althou ghthisisnotagoodideaforsharedcomputers).

§ Thisstoredinforma(oncanbeeasilydeleted.

39ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

Startupfolder

theStartupfold er,forcingtheprogram toautoma(callylaunchwhenyoutur nthecomputeronorlogin.Some(mesthisisdesirable,some(mesnot.Eitherw ay,thisprac(cem ayslowyourcomputerdowntovariousd egrees,andwith theprogramrunningallthe(me,mayslowdowntheperformanceofyourcomputer.

q DeletesomeoftheprogramsintheStartupfolder

40ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

SoTwareInventory

Oncetheharddiskbecomesfull,acomputer's

performanceisreduced.Toavoidinstallingsocwarethatarenot necessary, systeminventorywillrequireyoukn owingwhatsocwareisnee ded/wantedon yourcomputer.

Note:Pleaseusecau(on whenuninstalli ng

41ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

ProtectyourPCfromcyber-threatsorMalware

Thebestwaystopreventvirusinfec#onsare:

q Keepingan(virussocwareuptodateandrunningscansonaregular basis q Strictpoliciesshouldbeputinplacetopreventvirusinfec(one.g. q Oth erpolicytoco nsideristheprohibi (onof downloading,since q Afirewallmayalsobeusedtoblocksdangerousdownloads.

42ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

UPDATINGSOFTWARE

q Itisimportantforacomputerusertofind q Upda(ngsocwarecanbedoneinavariety ofways, Automa>cUpdates,Automa>cAlertsforUpdates,ManualUpda>ng,OfflineUpda>ng.

43ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

Overhea>ng

computerperformance. q Inordertocooldownanoverheatedcomputer q Alsocooltheroomwithfansorair-condi(oning.q Alsoverifythatallofthefansinthecomputer casearefunc(oningproperly.

Note:Moderncomputershavesafeguardsthat

shutdownthe systemif acomponentis overhea(ng.

44ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

InsufficientRAM

ComputerneedsufficientRA Mtoperform

Thisproblemismostlikelyifthecomputeris

ratheroldandhas hadanewer( andmore memorydemanding) opera(ngsysteminstalled.

45ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

Endurance:

Lastly,oneimportanthinttoalso keepin

mindwhenyouareusingacomputeristobepa(ent.Some(mes thecomputerhasto"think"too!(process) willreducetheperformanceofthecomputer.

46ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

HARDWAREREPAIRS

47ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

HardwareRepair

q Repairmeanstorec(fy,tofixtheproblemeitherinthehardwareor q Itisanessen(alpartoftroubleshoo(ng.q Infind ingoranalyzingthefaults,itcanbedecidedwhichhardwareor socwarecanberepaired.

48ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

GENERALGUIDELINESFORREPAIRINGCOMPUTERS

q Gathertogetheryourtoolkit:e.g.airblowingmachine,screwdrivers, socware,backupdisketc.

q CheckforpowerFIRST,beforedoinganythingelse.10-15percentofallcomputerIssues/Problemsemanatefrompower

q Checkyourexternalconnec>onstothecomputer.Specifically,checkthemouse,keyboard,monitor,modemand/orprinter

q PerformthePowerOnSelfTest(POST)POSTisasetofproceduresthatacomputerrunsthrougheach(meitis

49ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

GENERALGUIDELINESFORREPAIRINGCOMPUTERS

q Ifthecomputeriss>llmalfunc>oning,goaheadthenandopenthecase. q Cleananydustorforeignmaterialoutofthecasewhileit isopen.

Some(mes,insectswillnestinsidethecaseaswell.Allofthisneedstobecleanedoutbeforeyoucloseupthecase.Takeprecau(o nstoavoidinhalingexcessdust, andconsiderusingprotec(veeyewareifnecessary.

50ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

GENERALGUIDELINESFORREPAIRINGCOMPUTERS

q Trytobootthecomputertotheharddrive,ortoabootableCD/DVDdiskifnecessary. q Ch ecktheCMOSset upprogram, andcorrect anyconfigura>on problems. q Lookforunwantedchanges.Someonemayhaveturnedthebrightnessdownonamonitor,ortheLAN

staffmayhavechangedyourPC'sconfigura(onwithoutyourknowledge(orapproval), oraninstalla(onprogrammayh avecorru ptedyo ursocware.Lookforrecentchangesinyoursystem'sopera(on.Youmayneedtorunanuninstallerprogramtoremedysocware-relatedproblems.

q Isolatetheproblemtoonepieceofhardware,oronesoTwarepackage.q Whenallthesefails,thenconsultaprofessional.

51ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

q Firstofall,checkifthecomputerispluggedintoanACoutletproperly.q Pluganotherelectricaldeviceintotheoutlettobesurethattheoutletis

q AcerthePOSTanditisconfirmsthat,thecomputerisproducingallofthe

usualstartupsoun dsandlights,bu tthemonitorisnotdis playingan yinforma(on,perhapsthereisaproblemwiththemonitor.Makesurethatitis connected toapowersource,andalsothat theVGA cab leisconnectedtothecomputer.

52ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

Thecomputerscreenisblank

Ifthescreenisblank,thecomputermaynotbe

settodisplaytheimageonthecomputerscreen. q First,checkifthe monitorisplugged intoa poweroutletandisconnectedtothecomputersecurelyandmakesurethemo nitorpowe rbu]onison. q Ifthep owerligh tisnoton,itmeans thatthe outletisnotdel iveringp owertoth emonitor.Fixingthepoweroutletinsuchcasesshouldhelpsolvetheissue.

53ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

TheBluescreen-Theseerrorsareocencausedby

Ø Poorlyfunc(oningdevicedrivers,Ø Hardwareproblems(suchasmemory,powersuppliesorsystem overhea(ng), Ø Problemswiththesystemsocware.Ø Theop(onofSystemrecoveryandbackupservicewillrestoreyour

54ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

• OSorsom eSocware isfunc(oning abnormally-IftheOpera(ngSystem(OS)or someothersocwareisunresponsiveorrespondsabnormally,

scan. onthecomputertofixthisissue. • Windowsdonotboo tproperly-If window sdonotboot

55ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

Thecomputer isonbutnot respondin g-the computer isonbutnotrespondingtosocwareorkeyboardcommands,thenitmustbefrozenorhalted.

Immediatesolu>on:Ø Pressandholdthepowerbu]onforatleast5seconds,Ø itwillbeturnoff.Ø Nowrestartyourcomputer.Thisshouldfixtheproblem.

expected.

Immediatesolu>on:Ø turnitonaccordingtoManufacturersinstruc(on;Ø besureth atalldevicecon nec(on saresec ureandreceivingele ctrical

power

Ø Besurethedeviceiscompa(blewiththeopera(ngsystem.Ø Andthatthecorrectdriversareinstalledandupdated.

56ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

TroubleshootPOSTerror

appear?

Troubleshoo>ngFlowchart

57ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

MostcommonBasiccomputerHardwareRepairs

ReplacingaPowerSupply.T hepowersupplyfailureisacommonprobleminourcountry.Thisisduetoanunevenor"poor"voltageandpowersurges.

• ReplacingaHardDrive orform aingand installingFreshOPERATINGSYSTEM. • ReplacingRAM.RAMcanfailorcanloosefrom

itshousin gandneedtobereseated. Ifacomputerneedsneworadd i(onalRAM,itisimportanttomakesurethat theRAM usediscompa(blewiththecomputersystem.RAMisveryeasilydamagedbyelectrosta(ccharges,soitisveryimportantfortheusertobegroundedbeforepickingupRAM.AlsoRAMshouldonlybehandledbytheedges.

58ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

Peripheral Hardware Use and Maintenance Peripheralhardwarewillalsolast longerifitiswell maintained.Peripheralhardwaresuchasprinters,scannerswilllastlongerifpropercareaboutheat,dustandpowersurgecontrolistakingtoconsidera(on.

Troubleshoo>ngandfixingPrinterproblemsq Let'sassumethatyourprinter'sdriversareup-to-date,q andthatithasenoughpaperandinkortonertoprint.q Tryturningtheprinteroffandon.q Unplugtheprinterandplugitbackin.q Checkyourprinter'sprintqueuebylookingfortheprintericoninthe

systemtrayanddouble-clickingit. q Theprintqueueshowsyouthestatusofeachjobaswellasthegeneral statusofyourprinter.

q makesurethat'UsePrinterOffline'isn'tselected.q Ensurethat'UsePrinterOffline'isn'tchecked.q Some(mes,prin(ngwhileyourprinteristurnedoffcancauseWindowsto

59ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

MALWARE

60ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

Virus ormobile opera(ons,gathersens i(veinforma(on,gainaccesstoprivatecomp uters ystems,ordisplayu nwanted • Bootsector• FileAlloca(onTable• Par((ontable• .Comand.Exe.Files.

61ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

Deadlyeffectofvirus

q Deletefiles

q Changefiles,q Stealimportantinforma(on,q loadunwantedapplica(onsq Senddocumentsviaelectronicmail(e-mail),q Crippleamachine'sOpera(ngsystem(OS),thebasicsocware

thatrunsthecomputer.

62ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

Viruswarningsigns

q The computer's performance slows down considerably. q Programs don't function as thy should. They either don't start, or if they start, they stop or do not give the desired output.

q Computer fails to boot. q Files and folders keep disappearing without anybody deleting them. q The comput er crashes or freezes indiscrimi nately such as pr ogram not responding

errors.

q The computer keeps showing out -of -memory space messages or strange dialog boxes. q Programs and windows popping up randomly. q Disk can not be accessed q New icons and programs get installed automatically. q Printing doesn't work correctly q Windows shuts down or restarts unexpectedly. q A partition in the system disappears automatically. q File size changes for no apparent reason q An increase in the number of files on the system when nothing has been added.

63ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

AGoodVirusProtec>onProgramshould:

Scanforviruses:

Cleanupthevirus: m ust be abletogetridofthevirusitfindsonyour computer;otherwise,itisuseless. manufacturerforinforma(ononnewviruses,

64ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

CONCLUSION:BestPrac>cesandDosandDon'ts

q Alwaysensurethatthe powerhasbeenturned offbef oreinstal lingortroubleshoo(nganyhardwarepartofthecomputer.

q Beforeopeningacomp utercase,alwaysunplugthe po wercordfromyour computer. q Acerunpluggingthepowercordfromyourcase,Holdthepowerbu\oninforat q Alwaysgroundyourselftothecaseframewhiletouchinganyinsidecomponents. q Keepallliquidsaway.q Avoidinstallingcomponentswhenthecomputerisinopera(on. q Wheninstallingany,peripheralordevice,alwaysreadtheinstalla(oninstruc(ons

65ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

CONCLUSION:BestPrac>cesandDosandDon'ts

q Whenfipng/handlingprocessoronmotherboardalwaysweargloves q Alwayschoosetoshutdownyoucomputerbyclickingshutdown.Avoidswitchingofthe powerdirectlyfromthemainswitch. q Ifelec tricalpowerislost,switcho ffallcomputerdevi cesfrom themainstoavoid any problemsduetopowersurge.

q Always"eject"USBdevicesfromtheopera(ngsystembeforedisconnec(ngthem.q Upgradethean(-virusregularly.q AlwaysuseUPS(uninterrup(blePowersupply)-Thiswillkeepyourcomputerfromcrashing

duringpoweroutages,an dwillprotectyour computerfromlowand highvol tageoccurrences. • Uninstallsocwareby- "Add/RemoveProgram"func(oninControlPanel- uninstallfunc(onofapplica(ons

66ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

q Backupdata,ifpossible,beforemakingchanges.

q ChecktoensurethatspeakersisnotmutedthroughtheControlPanelq MaintainingtheBa\eryforyourLaptopMostlaptopba]erieswilllastatleastfourhourswhenfullycharged.Ifnotmaintained,

Condi>ontheba\eryformaximumperformance1. Dischargetheba]ery-usetheba]eryun(lthelowba]erywarningemerges.2. Chargetheba]ery-usetheACadapterun(ltheba]eryisfullycharged.3. ThenimmediatelydisconnecttheACadapterfromthenotebook.Theprocedureabove

67ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

ThankyouandGodBlessyouall.

68ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance

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