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Unit 13: Adjective Phrases

Todd Windisch, Spring 2015

WARM-UP

Take out your personality profile from yesterday

Share your experience with the people at your table

Answer these questions:

What personality type did you get?

What does this say about you?

USE ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

Example: I learned an ENFJ is the type of person who prefers long-term relationships.

Do you think this was accurate?

Will you use this information to help you in the future?

WARM-UP: RATING SYSTEMS

Look at p. 224 in your textbook

This explains the American movie rating system

Are you familiar with this rating system?

Does your country use a similar or different system? Quickly answer the questions in the second box and discuss your answers with a partner

INTRO: READING ABOUT THE MOVIES

Take a few minutes to read ͞Fiǀe to Reǀisit" (p. 211) silently to yourself Don't worry if you don't finish. We will read it again together.

Circle any unfamiliar vocabulary

While reading, answer the comprehensionquestions on p. 213 (exercise B)

COMPREHENSION

ANSWERS:

1. critic

2. cooking

3. government

4. reconcile

5. exploiters

6. interconnectedness

7. India

8. environment

VOCABULARY

Incumbent on me (v.)

My responsibility

VOCABULARY

Compilation (n)

List

VOCABULARY

Spice up (v)

Make more interesting

VOCABULARY

Polarized (adj)

alienated

VOCABULARY

Vanquish (v)

Defeat

VOCABULARY

Engrossing (adj)

Fascinating

VOCABULARY

Estranged from (adj)

Divided/separated into opposite groups

VOCABULARY

Transcend (v)

Rise above / go beyond

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES WITH PREPOSITIONS

The teacher is friendly. I talked to her.

When we combine two sentences using an adjective clause with a preposition, ask yourself, ͞What is being described͍"

Teacher (person)

Then determine if you're supposed to write the combined sentence as formal or informal. This will help you choose your relative pronoun and the placement of the preposition. Using what we learned from the last chapter, how would you combine these?

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES WITH PREPOSITIONS

The flower is beautiful. I'm looking at it.

When we combine two sentences using an adjective clause with a preposition, ask yourself, ͞What is being described͍"

Flower (thing)

Then determine if you're supposed to write the combined sentence as formal or informal. This will help you choose your relative pronoun and the placement of the preposition. Using what we learned from the last chapter, how would you combine these?

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES WITH PREPOSITIONS

Adjective clauses with prepositions only occur when the relative pronoun is referring to an object (the object of a preposition) We use who, whom, that, which, and whose with prepositions When a sentence is formal, we move the preposition to the front of the clause

Bill is the man to whom I spoke.

That's the film to which he referred.

When the preposition is at the front, we only use whom and which!

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES WITH PREPOSITIONS

When a sentence is informal, we keep the preposition at the end of the adjective clause

Bill is the man who (whom) I spoke to.

That's the film that (which) he referred to.

Why did I change whomAEwhoand whichAEthat

Remember they are both correct!

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES WITH PREPOSITIONS

A preposition cannotcome at the beginning of a clause with that

That is the studio for which he works.

That is the studio for that he works.

How can we correct this?

That is the studio that he works for.

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES WITH PREPOSITIONS

When we place the preposition at the end, we can omit the relative pronoun

He has a daughter (that) he's estranged from.

That's the screenwriter (who) I read about.

When the preposition comes first, we cannot remove the relative pronoun

He has a daughter from whom he's estranged.

Notice, I changed that!

That's the screenwriter about whom I read.

PRACTICE WITH PREPOSITIONS

Look at the worksheet that the teacher has passed out What are four different ways to combine the sentences at the bottom? Remember, there is only one way to write a sentence with the preposition at the front!

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES WITH PREPOSITIONS

BE CAREFUL! You can never remove whose!

He's the director whose films I go to.

He's the director to whose films I go.

He's the director films I go to.

He's the director to films I go.

IDENITFYING/NON-IDENTIFYING

Adjective clauses with prepositions can be both identifying AND non- identifying

The film to which I'm referringis Avatar.

Avatar, to which I'm referring, is exciting.

CHART FROM TEXTBOOK

USING QUANTIFIERS

He made eight films, all of which I like.

The structure: quantifier + of + relative pronoun

Relative pronouns:

Whom = modifying people

Which = modifying things

Whose = possession

Always formal

Always non-identifying (commas)

EXAMPLES OF QUANTIFIERS

All Any Both Each

Enough

Every

Few/A few/Fewer

Little/A Little/Less

Lots of/A lot of

Many More No

Several

Some

USING QUANTIFIERS

Can you fill in a quantifier and relative pronoun in these sentences?

The film has many stars, ________ I recognize.

I like her books, ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ I'ǀe read. Her books, ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ I'ǀe read, are popular. Todd, ______________ lessons I enjoy, is a fun teacher! John bought a lot of socks at the swap meet, ________ were on sale. Different flavors of Red Bull, ________ I like, are all the same price.

Can you write an original sentence (or two)?

CHART FROM TEXTBOOK

EXERCISE 2, P. 218

Complete the statements using the adjective clauses with quantifiers given below the blank

ANSWERS:

2. both of which were directed by James Cameron

3. all of whom are highly regarded European directors

4. all of which have earned a great deal of money

5. all of whom have played the role of James Bond

6. neither of whom is known as a singer

If you want to use the adjective clause to provide a specific example of the thing you are modifying, you use noun + of which.

Very often the noun is the word example

I like soda, an example of which is Coca Cola.

Main Clause: Action movies are very popular.

Think of an example of a popular action movie and write it down.

Transformers

Action movies, an example of whichis Transformers, are very popular.

CHART FROM TEXTBOOK

REDUCING TO ADJECTIVE PHRASES

We reduce sentences when you have the same subjectin the main clause and the adjective clause. The reduced adjective clause becomes an adjective phrase, which does not have a subject. An adjective phrase does not have a subject and a verb.

Instead, it has a present participle (base form + ing) for the active voice or a past participle for the passive voice.

My friend was scared by the horror film. My friend screamed. My friend, who was shocked by the horror film, screamed.

My friend, shocked by the horror film, screamed.

To shorten an adjective clause with a beverb, reduce the clause to an Slumdog Millionaire, which was directed by Danny Boyle, won many awards. Slumdog Millionaire, directed by Danny Boyle, won many awards. You can reduce both identifying AND non-identifying clauses When reducing with be, it only works when who, which, or that is the subject of the clause

PAST PARTICIPLE

You usually don't reduce when there is only an adjectiǀe͊ If the adjective is by itself it should go before the noun not after

The elephant is pink. It is jumping up and down.

The elephant that is pinkis jumping up and down.

The elephant pinkis jumping up and down.

The elephant is covered in pink paint. It is jumping up and down. The elephant that is covered in pink paintis jumping up and down. The elephant covered in pink paintis jumping up and down.

EXAMPLES FROM TEXTBOOK

REDUCING PRACTICE

Look at Exercise 3 on the handout (Clauses -Relative 4)

Can you combine these sentences?

it The money was stolen from the safe. The money belonged to me. The money that wasstolen from the safebelonged to me. The money that belonged to mewas stolen from the safe. This is a correct sentence but there is no ͞be ǀerb" to reduce!

EXERCISE 3 ANSWERS

1. The $100 given to me was fake.

2. The chipmunk capturedwas first seen in the library.

3. The meat burnedwas given to the dog.

4. The turkey cookedwas stolen from Brown's farm.

5. An island discovered last year was inhabited by giant lizards.

REDUCING PRACTICE

Look at Exercise 1 on the handout (Clauses -Relative 4) Define the terms using adjective clauses, but make sure to reduce them in your answer! Remember that not all adjective phrases can be reduced. You need to have a past participle!

What's coffee͍

Coffee is a drink which is served hot.

Coffee is a drink served hot.

REDUCING PRACTICE: HOW-TO

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