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travelling gun can reduce water use by 5 – 15% especially in windy areas. Using a drip system instead of a sprinkler system can save up to 20%.
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Factsheet 500.310-1 Page 1 of 2
Water Conservation
Order No. 500.310-1
Revised June 2015
IRRIGATION TIPS TO CONSERVE WATER
ON THE FARM
Water management is an important part of farm
operations and the production of quality agricultural crops. During water shortages, it is important to conserve water and stretch water resources to ensure that the supply will be available for the duration of the growing season. The trick is to ensure the crop has enough water during its growing cycle to maximize yields while not wasting water.Water conservation can be achieved by:
using equipment that is more efficient ensuring that equipment is operating properly managing the application of water on the farm more effectivelyDetails on how to conserve water are described as
follows:1. Repair leaks in the irrigation system
If you have a water meter installed, the irrigation system can be checked for leaks by turning off the system and monitoring the meter to see if it is still running. Look for 'perpetual wet spots' along the irrigation line that do not dry up between irrigations.2. Select a more efficient irrigation system
if possibleSelecting systems that are not as susceptible to
evaporation can increase irrigation efficiencies.Using sprinklers instead of a
stationary or travelling gun can reduce water use by 5 15%, especially in windy areas . Using a drip system instead of a sprinkler system can save up to 20% of total water use.Factsheet 500.310-1 Page 2 of 2
3. Improve sprinkler irrigation efficiency
To achieve peak performance
the irrigation system must be properly designed in the first place. Replace old nozzles (checked by using drill bits) and run the system at the designed operating pressure. Ensure that sprinklers are properly spaced. This will improve efficiency and prevent over-irrigation of some areas while trying to cover dry spots. Check the pressure at both the farthest and the highest points of the lateral line. The acceptable pressure variation along a lateral line should be ±10% (no more than 20% variance).4. Find your maximum irrigation set time
and only apply as much water as your soil can holdSoils can only hold a limited amount of water
before the water drains below the root zone or will runoff the saturated soil surface. Light sandy soils hold less water than heavy cla y soils.Find more
information in the following online publications o n how to determine how long to run your irrigation system to minimize water losses:B.C. Sprinkler Irrigation Manual
B.C. Trickle Irrigation Manual
5. Know your crop's water requirements
It is possible to determine how much water your
crop is using by monitoring the evapotranspiration (ET) and applying a crop coefficient (K cKnowing how much water the crop has used can
determine the amount of water removed from the soil. The next irrigation should then only be long enough to replace that amount of moisture. Read the publication listed below which is available online:Factsheet No. 557.100
-1Irrigation Scheduling Techniques.
Local ET information is available
on theFarmwest website.
6. Use a soil moisture monitoring device or
climate information to determine when to irrigate Often when the surface of the soil is dry there are still water reserves lower in the root zone that the crop can draw upon. By monitoring soil moisture withi n the root zone it may be possible to postpone irrigation by a few days.Read more information
from the following online publications:Factsheet No. 577.100
-1Irrigation Scheduling Techniques
Factsheet No. 557.100
-2Irrigation Scheduling with Tensiometers
Climate information is useful in scheduling
irrigation. Daily climate data in real -time and a five-day forecast are available at the Farmwest website for various climate stations throughout B.C.Learn more from the following publications:
Factsheet No. 577.100-3
Sprinkler Irrigation Scheduling Using a Water
Budget Method
Factsheet No. 577.100
-4Trickle Irrigation Scheduling Evaporation Data
7. Adjust operating parameters under
windy conditionsWhen operating gun systems under windy
conditions, lower the trajectory level and/or narrow the spacing to achieve the best uniformity possible. Refer to theB.C. Sprinkler Irrigation
Manual (available online) for a detailed
explanation on how to adjust the spacing based on wind speed.8. Refrain from irrigating during hot windy
periods of the day if possibleDuring the peak of the irrigation season
, it may not be possible to wait to irrigate due to the logistics of getting around the entire farm.However, during the early and late part of the
irrigation season the re may be more flexibility in planning irrigation times. Studies in B.C. have shown that water savings can be realized during the early and late part of the irrigation season,May and June, and also in September.
FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT MINISTRY OF AGRICULTUREPhone: 604.556-3001 1767 Angus Campbell Road
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