[PDF] [PDF] How to Write a Paper in Scientific Journal Style and Format





Previous PDF Next PDF



Formatting an Academic Paper

student writers don't have to do it manually. Font. Academic papers should be written in an academic font: either Times New. Roman or Cambria.



APA Style and Formatting Guide for Academic Papers

11 août 2011 The shortened form of the title stands alone in the header on subsequent pages. Font. Acceptable fonts are Times New. Roman 12 pt. or. Courier ...



Fonts When writing a research paper many students struggle to

APA has helped ease these confusions and frustrations by explaining why some fonts are appropriate to use in research papers and what fonts researchers should 



How to Write a Paper in Scientific Journal Style and Format

2 oct. 2014 Introduction to Journal-Style Scientific Writing. [ Table of Contents ] ... larger font title is very helpful. •. Offset axes or not?



Google-Docs-Instructions-for-Formatting-an-Academic-Paper.pdf

Provided by the Academic Center for Excellence. 2. Google Docs: Instructions for Formatting. Updated June 2019. General Format. 1. To change the font to 



Graduate Writing Lab

Good scientific figures should present data in a clear effective



Student Paper Setup Guide APA Style 7th Edition

21 oct. 2020 settings in programs such as Academic Writer Microsoft Word



Germanna Community College

Provided by the Academic Center for Excellence that students may also wish to consult Kate L. Turabian's A Manual for the Writers of Research Papers.



Format instructions of the manuscripts for Propulsion and Power

Propulsion and Power Research Writing Template publication. (The font is Times New Roman 9-point size



Biggest Font For Writing Paper

Writing Math Research Papers Robert Gerver 2013-07-01 Mathematics research papers provide a forum for all mathematics enthusiasts to exercise their 



[PDF] APA Style and Formatting Guide for Academic Papers

11 août 2011 · Font Acceptable fonts are either 12 pt Times New Roman or 12 pt Courier New Spacing The paper is double



[PDF] Fonts When writing a research paper many students struggle to

161)" In fact APA recommends that when writers have a choice they should write in the serif typeface family for writing texts lists and references The 



[PDF] Formatting an Academic Paper

Roman or Cambria All papers should also be written with 12-point font (Note: Times New Roman and Cambria are the default fonts for Microsoft 



[PDF] Typefaces for Symbols in Scientific Manuscripts

More specifically the three major categories of symbols found in scientific and technical publications should be typed or typeset in either italic or roman 



[PDF] How to Write a Paper in Scientific Journal Style and Format

This is a reference sheet to help you remember the common format we expect you to use on your formal lab write-ups Refer to the “How to Write Guide” for 



[PDF] Font type: Calibri font size: 14 - R2P Conference

The whole document should be written in font type: Calibri font size: 11 Length of the paper: max 8000 words including abstract footnotes and bibliography



[PDF] Figure Making in the Natural Sciences - Graduate Writing Lab

Most journals have very specific requirements for figures including the number of main and supplemental figures allowed image resolution font type and size 



Which Font Looks Best in a Figure? Chemistry of Materials

9 fév 2016 · Question: “Which font looks best in a scientific figure?” Answer: “Arial or Helvetica always ” Introduction to Serif and Sans Serif Fonts



[PDF] Style Guide: Best Practices in Formatting

Arial font is a great choice for online readability! Note: If you're going to have something that could be viewed either in print OR online (like a PDF document 

11 août 2011 · Font. Acceptable fonts are either 12 pt. Times New Roman or 12 pt. Courier. New. Spacing. The paper is double.
  • Which font is best for scientific paper?

    Arial font is a great choice for online readability Note: If you're going to have something that could be viewed either in print OR online (like a PDF document uploaded onto your website, for example), we recommend going with a sans serif font. When in doubt, sans serif is the best option
  • What is the best font for PDF writing?

    Question: “Which font looks best in a scientific figure?” Answer: “Arial or Helvetica, always.”9 fév. 2016
  • What font do scientific paper figures use?

    Ensure all text is legible by using a clear font (Arial and Helvetica are good choices) and a font size of at least 16 – 24. Fit each figure to the dimensions specified by your journal – this could be one page in a one-? column style journal or one column in a two-?column style journal.

HowtoWrite

aPaperinScientificJournal

StyleandFormat

DepartmentofBiology

BatesCollege

Lewiston,ME

v.10Ͳ2014 shownbetweensectionheadingsandtext.

Author1andAuthor2

DepartmentofBiology,BatesCollege

Lewiston,Maine

ABSTRACT

(briefsynopsisofpaper)

INTRODUCTION

(contextandpurposeofstudy)

MATERIALSANDMETHODS

(howyoudidthestudy)

RESULTS

(objectivepresentationofwhatyoufoundout)

DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

LITERATURECITED

Example:Journalarticle

JBiochem270(4):635Ͳ645.

andformatthatcanbeeasilyadaptedto upontheCBE publishedwritingguides.

HowtoUseThisGuide

Weprovide

allowsquickreturntotheTableof

TopofPage

UniversityPress.825p.

Acknowledgments

WritingatBatesProgram

whichcametoBatesCollegefrom

1of210/2/20142:34PM

whocontinually directedto:

GregAnderson(email:ganderso@bates.edu)

Dept.ofBiology

44CampusAvenue,

BatesCollege,Lewiston,ME04240

http://www.bates.edu/~ganderso/

Modified1Ǧ11Ǧ12

DepartmentofBiology,

BatesCollege,Lewiston,ME04240

2of210/2/20142:34PM

6 ££ 6¨#± ±¸ "¨$²'

Modified 9-30-08 Department of Biology,

³´§¬²¦¨¢¦´¢¢ ´¬¯(¦ ¨³³®¬ §¯ ¬ȁ¦² ´¬¯ ¢ ¦¢ ¬ ¬ȁ²¦¯¨¦¯´¦2¥¨§¦ ¨³³®¬ ¯(¦¨¢¦² ´¬¯ ²¯²¦ ¬¦§¦

¯´¦§´¥¦¯¨¦2´¦¥´§¦§¯¦²´´¥§¦ ¢¢´¥´¬¯¦´´²¦¨¥¦´§³´¦³§¬(¦´¨´¦² ³¦

¡§¯¦ ¬¢¨¥³§¯ ¨¬¦ ²¦§§ §2´¦¨¬¦§¦²®2´ ¯¦¯´¥²¦³§(¦¥´§¦¨¬(¦¯ ¯´²¦§¬¦

²¦¯§¯¦¯´¦² ´¬¯ ¢ ¦¢¨¥³§¯¦´²¦¯¨¦ ¬²®¥´¦¯§¯¦§¯¦¡§¯´´¥¦´´¦§¦´¥²¨¬¦¥´§²¦(¨®¥¦§´¥¦!2´(¨¬¦

¢¢ §¯ ¨¬¦2²¯¥§ ¯¦&¬¯¥¨® ¯ ¨¬¦#´¯¨²¦ ´²®¯²¦' ² ®²² ¨¬¦ ¬¨¡´ȁ³´¬¯²¦§¬¦( ¯´¥§¯®¥´¦

*§¯¦ ¦&¦¨¦ ¬¦§¦¬®¯²´+¦¦2²¯¥§ ¯¦

¦*§¯¦ ²¦¯´¦¥¨2´³+¦&¬¯¥¨® ¯ ¨¬¦

¦,¨¡¦ ¦&¦²¨´¦¯´¦¥¨2´³+¦¦#§¯´¥ §²¦§¬¦#´¯¨²¦

ȝ¢ ³¯͒±(Ǿ,3Ȁ*´¬¦(¨®¥¦§´¥¦¥´¨¥¯²¦¨¬¦³¨¥´¦¯§¬¦¨¬´¦´´¥ ³´¬¯¦®²´¦²®2´§ ¬ȁ²¦¯¨¦´¦

-§³´¦¨¢¦§¦²®2´§ ¬ȁ%¦

¥´²¨¬²´¦³´§²®¥´¦´¯ ¦¦³§¨¥ ¯(¦¨¢¦¥´§´¥²¦¡ ¦¢ ¬¦(¨®¥¦§´¥¦ §¦´´ ¯¥¨¬ ¦§¯§2§²´¦²´§¥ ´²¦

¦¯´¦¯ ¯´¦*´¬¦³¨¥´¦¯´¬¦¯¡¨¦§®¯¨¥²¦¯´¦¬§³´²¦§¥´¦²´§¥§¯´¦2(¦

¨³³§²¦´ ´¯¦¢¨¥¦¯´¦§²¯¦¡ ¦ ²¦²´§¥§¯´¦¢¥¨³¦¯´¦¥´ ¨®²¦¬§³´¦2(¦¯´¦¡¨¥¦8§¬8¦¦

!´¡¯͒,¯±Ȁ5͒(¨®Ȁ·¯͒Ȁ§¯£7¯¡͒ ¢¡¯Ȁ

¦&³§¦#§§¥¦/¥§¦'¥§´¦§¬¦*¨¨¥®¢¢¦'® 9®´¦

®¬§³2 ȁ®¨®²¦(´¯¦2´¦§¬¦§´9®§¯´¦´² ¥ ¯ ¨¬¦¨¢¦¯´¦¡¨¥¦¦ȁ´¬´¥§¦¥®´$¨¢$¯®³2¦ ²¦¯§¯¦¯´¦¯ ¯´¦

2§² ²¦¢¨¥¦³¨²¯¦¨¬$ ¬´¦ ¨³®¯´¥¦²´§¥ ´²¦$¦ ¢¦(¨®¥¦¯ ¯´¦ ²¦ ¬²®¢¢ ´¬¯¦¢´¡¦´¨´¦¡ ¦¢ ¬¦¨¥¦¥´§¦

¨¥³¨¬´¦´²¯¥¨ȁ´¬¦§¬¦¡§¯ ¬ȁ¦¢¨¥¦§¦ ´¥¯§ ¬¦ ¬¦¨¢¦ ¨®¥¯² ¦2´§ ¨¥¦

*(+¦&¯¦ ²¦´¥(¦ȁ´¬´¥§¦§¬¦ ¨®¦2´¦¥´¢´¥¥ ¬ȁ¦¯¨¦§¬(¦¨¢¦§¦¬®³2´¥¦¨¢¦³¨®²´¦2´§ ¨¥²¦

*(+¦:´ §®²´¦¯´¦´(¦¡¨¥²¦ ´¬¯ ¢(¦§¦²´ ¢ ¦2´§ ¨¥¦§¦³¨ ¢( ¬ȁ¦§ȁ´¬¯¦§¬¦¯´¦´´¥ ³´¬¯§¦

¨¥ȁ§¬ ²³¦&¢¦¨²² 2´¦ȁ ´¦¯´¦´(¦¥´²®¯¦¨¢¦¯´¦²¯®(¦ ¬¦¯´¦¯ ¯´¦§²¦²´´¬¦ ¬¦¯´¦¢ ¥²¯¦´§³´¦

1 ³ §¥(¦¯´¦§2¨´¦¯ ¯´¦ ¨®¦2´¦¥´²¯§¯´¦§²%¦

§´¥¦ ¬¦¯´¦¢¨¨¡ ¬ȁ¦¥´² ¥ 2´¦²´9®´¬ ´%¦

o ²¯§¯´¦¯´¦®¥¨²´¦´¥(¦ ´§¥(¦ ¬¦¯´¦¢ ¥²¯¦¨¥¦²´ ¨¬¦²´¬¯´¬ ´¦¦

o ´§¥(¦´¥´²²¦¯´¦2§² ¦´² ȁ¬¦¨¢¦¯´¦²¯®(¦¦

o .§³´¦¨¥¦2¥ ´¢(¦´² ¥ 2´¦¯´¦2§² ¦³´¯¨¨¨ȁ(¦®²´¦¡ ¯¨®¯¦ȁ¨ ¬ȁ¦ ¬¯¨¦´ ´²² ´¦

´¯§ $2´¦²®¥´¦¯¨¦ ¬ §¯´¦¯´¦´(¦¯´ ¬ 9®´²¦®²´¦¦

o ¥´¨¥¯¦¯¨²´¦¥´²®¯²¦¡ ¦§¬²¡´¥¦¯´¦9®´²¯ ¨¬²¦(¨®¦¡´¥´¦§² ¬ȁ¦¦

o ´¬¯ ¢(¦¯¥´¬²¦¥´§¯ ´¦ §¬ȁ´¦¨¥¦ ¢¢´¥´¬ ´²¦´¯ ¦¦

o ´§¥(¦²¯§¯´¦¯´¦ ³ §¯ ¨¬²¦¨¢¦¯´¦§¬²¡´¥²¦(¨®¥¦¥´²®¯²¦ȁ§´¦(¨®¦¦

2²¯¥§ ¯¦²¨®¦2´¦´¯¦¯¨¦§2¨®¯¦4<<$5<<¦¡¨¥²¦³§ ³®³¦!§¦¯( §¦²¯§¬§¥¦´¬ȁ¯¦¢¨¥¦¨®¥¬§²"¦

¥´²¯¦¨¢¦¯´¦§´¥¦¨¥¦ ¯¦³§(¦2´¦¯´¦¨¬(¦§¥¯¦¯´(¦ §¬¦¨2¯§ ¬¦ §¦´´ ¯¥¨¬ ¦ ¯´¥§¯®¥´¦²´§¥ ´²¦¨¥¦ ¬¦

´¯ "¦³®²¯¦2´¦ ¬ ®´¦¯¨¦³§´¦¯´¦2²¯¥§ ¯¦®²´¢®¦¯¨¦²¨³´¨¬´¦¡¨¦³§(¦¯¨¦¥´¢´¥´¬ ´¦(¨®¥¦¡¨¥¦

(¨®¥¦2²¯¥§ ¯¦¡§²¦¯´¦¨¬(¦§¥¯¦¨¢¦¯´¦§´¥¦(¨®¦ ¨®¦§ ´²²¦¡¨®¦(¨®¦2´¦§(¦¡ ¯¦¯´¦

§²² ´¦ ¨¬²¯¥® ¯ ¨¬²¦*¥ ¯´¦(¨®¥¦2²¯¥§ ¯¦®² ¬ȁ¦ ¨¬ ²´¦2®¯¦ ¨³´¯´¦²´¬¯´¬ ´²¦§¬¦ȁ´¯¦¯¨¦¯´¦

¨ ¬¯¦9® (¦&,¯Ȁ7͒, Ȁ ¯,¯¦#§ ³®³¦´¬ȁ¯¦²¨®¦2´¦4<<$5<<¦¡¨¥²¦®²®§(¦ ¬¦§¦² ¬ȁ´¦

· ´¬ȁ¯(¦2§ ȁ¥¨®¬¦ ¬¢¨¥³§¯ ¨¬¦¦

· §22¥´ §¯ ¨¬²¦¨¥¦¯´¥³²¦¯§¯¦³§(¦2´¦ ¨¬¢®² ¬ȁ¦¯¨¦¥´§´¥²¦¦

· §¬(¦²¨¥¯¦¨¢¦ ®²¯¥§¯ ¨¬¦¢ ȁ®¥´¦¨¥¦¯§2´¦¨¥¦¥´¢´¥´¬ ´²¦¯¨¦¯´³¦¦

5¦ȝ ¡͒ ¯Ǿ®%¦¯¨®ȁ¦ ¯¦ ²¦¯´¦¢ ¥²¯¦²´ ¯ ¨¬¦¨¢¦(¨®¥¦§´¥¦¯´¦2²¯¥§ ¯¦2(¦´¢ ¬ ¯ ¨¬¦³®²¯¦2´¦¡¥ ¯¯´¬¦

§2¨®¯¦¥´ ² ¬ȁ¦¨¥¦§ ¬ȁ¦¡¨¥²¦¯¨¦³§´¦ ¯¦§¦ ¨´² ´¦§¬¦ ´§¥¦²¦(¨®¦2´ ¨³´¦³¨¥´¦¥¨¢ ´¬¯¦(¨®¦

¡ ¦³¨²¯¦ ´(¦ ¨³¨²´¦¯´¦2²¯¥§ ¯¦¢¥¨³¦² ¥§¯ ¦

¬¦¯´¦§2²¯¥§ ¯¦ ¨³´¯´(¦§ȁ¥´´²¦¡ ¯¦¡§¯¦ ²¦¡¥ ¯¯´¬¦ ¬¦¯´¦§´¥¦)¨¬¢ ¥³¦¯§¯¦͒¨¨¦¯´¦ ¬¢¨¥³§¯ ¨¬¦

§´§¥ ¬ȁ¦¯´¦§2²¯¥§ ¯¦§ ¯®§(¦§´§¥²¦ ¬¦¯´¦2¨(¦¨¢¦¯´¦§´¥¦

!2§͗.5&¦§!.2Ȁ

¥ ³§¥(¦¥´²´§¥ ¦ ¯´¥§¯®¥´¦!¡ ¯¦ ¯§¯ ¨¬²"¦§¬¦²®³³§¥ 0 ¬ȁ¦¨®¥¦ ®¥¥´¬¯¦

®¬´¥²¯§¬ ¬ȁ¦¨¢¦¯´¦¥¨2´³¦(¨®¦§¥´¦ ¬´²¯ ȁ§¯ ¬ȁ6¦¦

· 1¯§¯´¦¯´¦®¥¨²´¦¨¢¦¯´¦¡¨¥¦ ¬¦¯´¦¢¨¥³¦¨¢¦¯´¦(¨¯´² ²¦9®´²¯ ¨¬¦¨¥¦¥¨2´³¦(¨®¦

¬´²¯ ȁ§¯´6¦§¬¦¦

· :¥ ´¢(¦´§ ¬¦(¨®¥¦¥§¯ ¨¬§´¦§¬¦§¥¨§ ¦§¬¦¡´¬´´¥¦¨²² 2´¦¯´¦¨²² 2´¦¨®¯ ¨³´²¦

=® ¯´¦ ¯´¥§(¦¯´¦&¬¯¥¨® ¯ ¨¬¦³®²¯¦§¬²¡´¥¦¯´¦9®´²¯ ¨¬²¦8+¦

4¦ȝ ®¨¯

%¦/²´¦¯´¦§ ¯ ´¦¨ ´¦§²¦³® ¦§²¦¨²² 2´¦1¨³´¦®²´¦¨¢¦¢ ¥²¯¦´¥²¨¬¦ ²¦¨§(¦2®¯¦¨¦¬¨¯¦¨´¥¨¦

2¥¨§´²¯¦§¥¯¦§¯¦¯´¦¯¨¦¥´¥´²´¬¯ ¬ȁ¦¯´¦³¨²¯¦ȁ´¬´¥§¦ ¬¢¨¥³§¯ ¨¬¦§¬¦¢¨ ®² ¬ȁ¦¨¡¬¦¯¨¦¯´¦²´ ¢ ¦

¥¨2´³¦(¨®¦²¯® ´¦¥ȁ§¬ 0´¦¯´¦ ¬¢¨¥³§¯ ¨¬¦¯¨¦¥´²´¬¯¦¯´¦³¨¥´¦ȁ´¬´¥§¦§²´ ¯²¦¨¢¦¯´¦¯¨ ¦

6¦²¯§¥¯¦¡ ¯¦¯´¦²´ ¢ ¦®¥¨²´¦§¬¦¯´¬¦´ ´¦¡§¯¦ ²¦¯´¦

² ´¬¯ ¢ ¦ ¨¬¯´¯¦ ¬¦¡ ¦(¨®¦§¥´¦§² ¬ȁ¦¯´¦9®´²¯ ¨¬!²"¦(¨®¥¦²¯®(¦§¥´²²´²¦¬ ´¦¯´¦² ´¬¯ ¢ ¦

¡ ¦¯´¦&¬¯¥¨® ¯ ¨¬¦²¨®¦2´ȁ ¬¦

³§¯¯´¥¦9® (¦¡ ¯¨®¯¦¨² ¬ȁ¦¢¨ ®²¦¨¥¦ ² ®²² ¬ȁ¦ ¬¢¨¥³§¯ ¨¬¦¯§¯¦ ²¦¯¨¨¦ȁ´¬´¥§¦¨¥¦

´§³´¦ ¬¦¯´¦³¨®²´¦2´§ ¨¥¦§´¥¦¯´¦¡¨¥²¦¦§¬¦

¬´¡¦§2¨®¯¦¯´¦²´ ¢ ¦¥¨2´³¦

¯§¯ ¨¬²"¦2®¯¦

²¨®¦¬¨¯¦ ¬ ®´¦´¥(¦²´ ¢ ¦´¬ȁ¯(¦´§¬§¯ ¨¬²¦¯§¯¦(¨®¦¡ ¦¥¨2§2(¦ ² ®²²¦ ¬¦ȁ¥´§¯´¥¦

2®¯¦¡ ¯¦¥§ ¯ ´¦§¬¦¥´§ ¬ȁ¦¨¢¦¯´¦² ´¬¯ ¢ ¦ ¯´¥§¯®¥´¦(¨®¦¡ ¦´´¨¦´¦¢ ¥³´¥¦²´¬²´¦¨¢¦

(¨®¥¦§® ´¬ ´¦&¬¦¯´¦³¨®²´¦2´§ ¨¥¦§´¥¦¢¨¥¦´§³´¦(¨®¦¡¨®¦2´ȁ ¬¦¯´¦&¬¯¥¨® ¯ ¨¬¦

§¯¦¯´¦´´¦¨¢¦³§¯ ¬ȁ¦2´§ ¨¥¦ ¬¦ȁ´¬´¥§¦¯´¬¦9® (¦¢¨ ®²¦¯¨¦³¨®²´¦³§¯ ¬ȁ¦2´§ ¨¥²¦§¬¦

¯´¬¦¨¥³¨¬§¦¥´ȁ®§¯ ¨¬¦¨¢¦2´§ ¨¥¦(´§¦¯´¦¥´§´¥¦¯¨¦(¨®¥¦²¯§¯´³´¬¯¦¨¢¦

®¥¨²´?(¨¯´² ²¦2(¦¢¨ ®² ¬ȁ¦(¨®¥¦ ¯´¥§¯®¥´¦¥´ ´¡¦¢¥¨³¦¯´¦³¨¥´¦ȁ´¬´¥§¦ ¨¬¯´¯¦!¯´¦2 ȁ¦

¯®¥´¦´ȁ¦¨¥³¨¬§¦³¨®§¯ ¨¬¦¨¢¦2´§ ¨¥²"¦¯¨¦¯´¦³¨¥´¦²´ ¢ ¦¯¨ ¦¨¢¦ ¬¯´¥´²¯¦¯¨¦(¨®¦

²´®§¦2´§ ¨¥²¦¨¢¦³ ´"¦¦

¦$¦¯´¦¨®¥¬§²¦¯§¯¦®2 ²¦¨¥ ȁ ¬§¦

¥´²´§¥ ¦§¥¯ ´²¦¯¨®ȁ¦(¨®¦³§(¦¥´§¦²¨³´¦ȁ´¬´¥§¦2§ ȁ¥¨®¬¦¥´¢´¥´¬ ´²¦

!´¬ ( ¨´ §²¦¯´¯2¨¨²¦§2¦³§¬®§²¦²¯(´¦³§¬®§²¦´¯ "¦¯¨¦ȁ´¯¦(¨®¥²´¢¦§ 9® §¬¯´¦¡ ¯¦

¯´¦²®2´ ¯¦§¥´§¦¨¦¬¨¯¦ ¯´¦¯´²´¦2´ §²®´¦¯´(¦ ¨¬¯§ ¬¦ ¬¢¨¥³§¯ ¨¬¦¯§¯¦ ²¦ ¨¬² ´¥´¦

¢®¬§³´¬¯§¦¨¥¦8 ¨³³¨¬8¦¬¨¡´ȁ´¦¡9 ¯ ¬¦¯´¦ ² ¬´¦) ¯´¦ ¬²¯´§¦§¥¯ ´²¦¯§¯¦

¥´¨¥¯´¦²´ ¢ ¦¥´²®¯²¦¥´´§¬¯¦¯¨¦(¨®¥¦²¯®(¦(´§¥¬¦§²¦²¨¨¬¦§²¦¨²² 2´¦¨¡¦¯¨¦¢ ¬¦¯´¦

!±¯9¦$¦§¬¦ ¬´¦¡ ¦ ²¦®²´¢®¦¢¨¥¦¯¥§ ¬ȁ¦§¦ ¬´¦¨¢¦ ¬9® ¥(¦ ¬¦¯ ³´¦1¨³´¦¨¢¦¯´¦

¬¯´¥´²¯¦¯¨¦(¨®¦!¦§¥´¦§¥¯ ®§¥(¦®²´¢®¦2´ §®²´¦¯´(¦²®³³§¥ 0´¦§¦¯´¦

¥´²´§¥ ¦¨¬´¦¨¬¦§¦¬§¥¥¨¡¦²®2´ ¯¦§¥´§¦¨´¥¦§¦2¥ ´¢¦´¥ ¨¦¨¢¦¯ ³´¦!§¦(´§¥¦¯¨¦§¦¢´¡¦(´§¥²¦ ¬¦

¢ ¥²¯¦´§¥¬ ¬ȁ¦¯¨¦¡¥ ¯´¦ ¬¦¯ ²¦¢¨¥³§¯¦ ¯¦ ²¦¨§(¦§¬¦§ ¯®§(¦¥´¢´¥§2´¦¯¨¦®²´¦§¦§¯¦²¯§¯´³´¬¯¦

´§ ¬¦¯´¦¦!2"¦2§¦2§!4"¦´¯ ¦&¯¦ ²¦³¨²¯¦®²®§¦¯¨¦§ ´¦¯´¦²¯§¯´³´¬¯¦¨¢¦®¥¨²´¦¬´§¥¦

¬´ ´²²§¥(¦!¨¥¦´´¬¦´² ¥§2´"¦¯¨¦®²´¦¯´¦¡¨¥²¦8(¨¯´² ²8¦¨¥¦8¬®¦(¨¯´² ²8¦² ¬ ´¦¯´²´¦

´§³´%¦1¯§¯´¦2¥ ´¢(¦¨¡¦(¨®¦§¥¨§ ´¦¯´¦¥¨2´³¦!´ȁ¦(¨®¦²¯® ´¦¨ §¯ ´¦

²(²¯´³+¦*§¯¦§§¬¯§ȁ´²¦¨´²¦ ¯¦ ¨¬¢´¥¦ ¬¦§¬²¡´¥ ¬ȁ¦¯´¦§¥¯ ®§¥¦9®´²¯ ¨¬!²"¦(¨®¦§¥´¦

¦®²´¦ ¬¦(¨®¥¦²¯®(¦!¯ ²¦¡ ¦2´¦

#§¯´¥ §²¦§¬¦#´¯¨²"6¦(¨®¥¦¥´§´¥²¦¡ ¦2´¦9® ¯´¦¢§³ §¥¦¡ ¯¦¯´¦®²®§¦

¯´ ¬ 9®´²¦§¬¦§¥¨§ ´²¦®²´¦ ¬¦(¨®¥¦¢ ´¦&¢¦(¨®¦§¥´¦®² ¬ȁ¦§¦¦!¬´¡¦¥´¨®¯ ¨¬§¥(¦

¬´´¥¦®²´¦2´¢¨¥´"¦¯´ ¬ 9®´¦¨¥¦³´¯¨¨¨ȁ(¦¯´¦³´¥ ¯²¦¨¢¦¯´¦¬´¡¦¯´ ¬ 9®´?³´¯¨¦

¦²¯¥® ¯®¥´¦§¬¦¨¥ȁ§¬ 0§¯ ¨¬¦!´¯§ ²¦¢¨¨¡¦2´¨¡"%¦

³¨¥¯§¬¯¦¢§ ¯¨¥²"6¦¬¨¯´¦¯§¯¦¯´¦¯´¥³¦8²®2´ ¯8¦ ²¦®²´¦.(3¦¢¨¥¦®³§¬¦²¯® ´²¦¦

¢´§¯®¥´²¦§¬¦¥´ ²´¦¨ §¯ ¨¬¦!§¯ ¯®´¦§¬¦¨¬ȁ ¯®´¦³§¦´¯ "6¦¦

· ¯´¦¯97¯¡(£¯ ͒¨Ȁ.͗Ȁ,͒£7¨(ǾȀ±¯,(Ǿ¦! ´¦¨¡¦¯´¦´´¥ ³´¬¯¦¨¥¦²¯®(¦¡§²¦²¯¥® ¯®¥´¦¨¥¦

´§³´¦ ¨¬¯¥¨²¦¯¥´§¯³´¬¯²¦¯´¦§¥ §2´!²"¦³´§²®¥´¦¨¡¦³§¬(¦²§³´²¦¡´¥´¦ ¨´ ¯´¦

¥´ §¯ ¨¬¦´¯ "6¦¦

¥ȁ§¬ 0´¦(¨®¥¦¥´²´¬¯§¯ ¨¬¦²¨¦(¨®¥¦¥´§´¥¦¡ ¦®¬´¥²¯§¬¦¯´¦¨ȁ §¦¢¨¡¦¨¢¦¯´¦´´¥ ³´¬¯!²"6¦

,¢ ³¯͒±(Ǿ,¦¡¨¥¦¡´¦¢¨¥¦¯ ²¦®¥¨²´¦-§ ¦´´¥ ³´¬¯¦¨¥¦¥¨ ´®¥´¦²¨®¦2´¦¥´²´¬¯´¦§²¦§¦

´¢¢ ´¬¯(¦¥´²´¬¯´¦§²¦§¬¦ ¬¯´ȁ¥§¯´¦®¬ ¯¦2´ §®²´¦¨¯´¥¡ ²´¦ ¯¦¡¨®¦2´¦ ¢¢ ®¯¦¯¨¦² ¯¦¯´³¦®¦&¬¦

ȁ´¬´¥§¦¥¨ ´¦´¬¨®ȁ¦9®§¬¯ ¯§¯ ´¦´¯§ !¨¡¦³® ¦¨¡¦¨¬ȁ¦¡´¬¦´¯ "¦§2¨®¯¦(¨®¥¦

´´¥ ³´¬¯§¦¥¨¯¨ ¨¦²® ¦¯§¯¦¨¯´¥¦² ´¬¯ ²¯²¦ ¨®¦¥´¥¨® ´¦(¨®¥¦´´¥ ³´¬¯²¦3¨®¦²¨®¦§²¨¦

²¯§¯ ²¯ §¦¥¨ ´®¥´²¦®²´¦¯¨¦§¬§(0´¦(¨®¥¦¥´²®¯²¦ ¬ ® ¬ȁ¦¯´¦¥¨2§2 ¯(¦´´¦§¯¦

¡ ¦(¨®¦´¯´¥³ ¬´¦² ȁ¬ ¢ §¬ ´¦!®²®§(¦§¯¦<<@¦¥¨2§2 ¯("¦

´´¥ ³´¬¯¦3¨®¦³§(¦®²´¦¯´¦§ ¯ ´¦¨ ´¦¯¨¦§¦ ´¥¯§ ¬¦´¯´¬¯¦§¯¨®ȁ¦¯ ²¦²´ ¯ ¨¬¦¥´9® ¥´²¦³¨¥´¦®²´¦

´³´³2´¥¦¯¨¦®²´¦¯´Ȁ7͒, Ȁ ¯,¯Ȁ¯¥¨®ȁ¨®¯¦$¦¯´¦¡¨¥¦2´ ¬ȁ¦¥´¨¥¯´¦ ²¦¨¬´¦§¬¦¡§²¦´¥¢¨¥³´¦

³ ȁ¯¦²´´¦ ¬¦(¨®¥¦§2¦³§¬®§¦ 5¦

1¯¥§¯´ȁ(¦¢¨¥¦¡¥ ¯ ¬ȁ¦¯´¦#´¯¨²¦²´ ¯ ¨¬¦

¦ ¨´ ¯´"¦#$""%¦¦2´¢¨¥´¦¯´¦´´¥ ³´¬¯¦¡§¯¦¯´(¦

!´ȁ¦2<$2@¦¥ ¦2AA;"¦§¬¦¯´¦´§ ¯¦¨ §¯ ¨¬¦¨¢¦¯´¦²¯®(¦§¥´§¦(¨ §¯ ¨¬¦§¯§¦³®²¯¦2´¦§²¦¥´ ²´¦§²¦

¨²² 2´%¦8B¥¨´¥¦.§¯®¥´¦7¥´²´¥´¦C¦³ ¦1*¦B¥¨´¥¦#§ ¬´8¦¥§¯´¥¦¯§¬¦8B¥¨´¥¦.§¯®¥´¦7¥´²´¥´8¦¨¥¦

8B¥¨´¥8¦*´¬¦¨²² 2´¦ȁ ´¦¯´¦§ ¯®§¦§¯ ¯®´¦§¬¦¨¬ȁ ¯®´¦¨² ¯ ¨¬¦¨¢¦¯´¦² ¯´¦!¯´¦***¦§²¦

² ¯´²¦¡ ¦¥¨ ´¦¯ ²¦²´¥ ´"¦&¯¦ ²¦³¨²¯¦¨¢¯´¬¦§¦ȁ¨¨¦ ´§¦¯¨¦ ¬ ®´¦§¦£͒7¦!§2´´¦§²¦§¦ ȁ®¥´"¦

²¨¡ ¬ȁ¦¯´¦¨ §¯ ¨¬¦ ¬¦¥´§¯ ¨¬¦¯¨¦²¨³´¦§¥ȁ´¥¦³¨¥´¦¥´ ¨ȁ¬ 0§2´¦ȁ´¨ȁ¥§ ¦§¥´§¦1¨³´¨¬´¦´²´¦

²¨®¦2´¦§2´¦¯¨¦ȁ¨¦¯¨¦¯´¦´§ ¯¦¨ §¯ ¨¬¦¨¢¦(¨®¥¦²¯®(¦ ¢¦¯´(¦¡§¬¯¦¯¨¦¥´´§¯¦¨¥¦ ´ ¦(¨®¥¦¡¨¥¦¨¥¦

§³2 ȁ®¨®²¦ȁ´¬´¥ ¦¬§³´¦¨¥¦¬®³2´¥¦!´ȁ¦®²´¦84@D¦.§)8¦¥§¯´¥¦¯§¬¦8¯´²¯¦28"¦*´¬¦(¨®¥¦§´¥¦

²®2´§ ¬ȁ²¦¯¨¦´¦¨¥ȁ§¬ 0´¦(¨®¥¦¥´²´¬¯§¯ ¨¬¦2(¦

´´¥ ³´¬¯§¦´² ȁ¬¦¡¨¥²´´¯ ²¦§§ §2´¦¯¨¦´¦§¬¦(¨®¥¦´´¥ ³´¬¯²¦ ¬¦

²¯®(¦$¦¯´¦³§²²´²¦¨®³´²¦ ¬ ®2§¯ ¨¬¦¯ ³´²¦ ¨¬ ´¬¯¥§¯ ¨¬²¦´¯ ¦¯§¯¦§¬¨¯´¥¦² ´¬¯ ²¯¦¬´´²¦ ¬¦

¨¥´¥¦¯¨¦® §¯´¦(¨®¥¦´´¥ ³´¬¯¦*´¬¦®² ¬ȁ¦²¯§¬§¥¦§2¦¨¥¦¢ ´¦³´¯¨²¦§¬¦ ¬²¯¥®³´¬¯§¯ ¨¬¦

¯¦ ²¦¬¨¯¦§¡§(²¦¬´ ´²²§¥(¦¯¨¦´§ ¬¦¯´¦¥¨ ´®¥´²¦!´ȁ¦²´¥ §¦ ®¯ ¨¬"¦¨¥¦´9® ³´¬¯¦®²´¦!´ȁ¦

§®¯¨ ´¯¯´¥"¦² ¬ ´¦¨¯´¥¦² ´¬¯ ²¯²¦¡ ¦ ´(¦2´¦¢§³ §¥¦¡ ¯¦¯´³¦§¥´§(¦

3¨®¦³§(¦¡§¬¯¦¯¨¦ ´¬¯ ¢(¦

´¥¯§ ¬¦¯(´²¦¨¢¦´9® ³´¬¯¦2(¦´¬¨¥¦¬§³´¦§¬¦2¥§¬¦¨¥¦ §¯´ȁ¨¥(¦!´ȁ¦®¯¥§ ´¬¯¥ ¢®ȁ´¦²¦¥´¦

´¬¯¥ ¢®ȁ´"¦§¥¯ ®§¥(¦ ¢¦¯´(¦§¥´¦¬¨¯¦ ¨³³¨¬(¦¢¨®¬¦ ¬¦³¨²¯¦§2²¦&¯¦ ²¦§¥¨¥ §¯´¦¯¨¦¥´¨¥¯¦

§¥´¬¯´¯ §(¦¯´¦²¨®¥ ´¦!´¬¨¥"¦§¬¦ §¯§¨ȁ¦¬®³2´¥¦¢¨¥¦¥´§ȁ´¬¯²¦®²´¦´ȁ¦

8¨($($(² ¬´¦

!1 ȁ³§¦E258¦*´¬¦®² ¬ȁ¦§¦³´¯¨¦´² ¥ 2´¦ ¬¦§¬¨¯´¥¦®2 ²´¦²¨®¥ ´¦(¨®¦ §¬¦²§´¦¯ ³´¦§¬¦

¡¨¥²¦2(¦¥¨ ¬ȁ¦¯´¦¥´´§¬¯¦ ¯§¯ ¨¬¦¯¨¦¯´¦²¨®¥ ´¦¡§(²¦³§´¦²®¥´¦¯¨¦´² ¥ 2´¦§¬(¦

³¨ ¢ §¯ ¨¬²¦(¨®¦§´¦³§´¦¨¢¦§¦²¯§¬§¥¦¨¥¦®2 ²´¦³´¯¨¦

²®³³§¥ ´²¦§¬¦§¬§(²´²¦¡´¥´¦´³¨(´¦¯¨¦§¬²¡´¥¦´§ ¦¨¢¦¯´¦9®´²¯ ¨¬²¦¨¥¦(¨¯´²´²¦¯´²¯´¦

o ¯ ²¦´¯²¦(¨®¦§¨ ¦§ ¬ȁ¦¯¨¦¥´´§¯´(¦ ¬ §¯´¦(¨®¦§¥´¦®² ¬ȁ¦³´§¬¦F¦1'¦¦

· , ͒ (, (´͒¨Ȁ ¯, ,¦®²´¦¡ ¯¦¥´¢´¥´¬ ´¦¯¨¦¯´¦§¥¯ ®§¥¦9®´²¯ ¨¬²¦¯´(¦§¥´²²¦´ȁ¦¦

8¦7§ ¥´¦¯$¯´²¯¦¡§²¦®²´¦¯¨¦ ¨³§¥´¦³´§¬¦¢ ȁ¯¦®¥§¯ ¨¬¦2´¢¨¥´¦¦§¬¦¦

§¢¯´¥¦§( ¬ȁ¦²¯§2 0´¥²¦¯¨¦¯´¦ȁ ´¥>²¦¡ ¬ȁ²8

· §¬(¦¨¯´¥¦¢£¯¡(´͒¨¦¨¥¦Ǿ¡͒7³(´͒¨¦ ¯´³(ͷ¢¯,¦®²´¦¯¨¦§¬§(0´¦¯´¦§¯§¦¦

6¦¯ ²¦¥´²®¯²¦ ¬¦´¥(¦´¬ȁ¯(¦

¡¨¥(¦§²²§ȁ´²¦¦¥´§¯´¦²´9®´¬ ´¦¨¢¦§ ¯ ¨¬²¦ §¬¦2´¦ ¨³2 ¬´¦ ¬¯¨¦¨¬´¦²´¬¯´¬ ´¦¯¨¦

³¥¨´¦ §¥ ¯(¦§¬¦¥´§§2 ¯(%¦¦

&¯¦ ²¦ §¥§ ¯´¥ 0´¦2(¦² ¬ȁ´¦§ ¯ ¨¬²¦´¥¦²´¬¯´¬ ´¦§¬¦¨¯²¦¨¢¦®¬¬´ ´²²§¥(¦´¯§ ²¦

°012*&¦

¨¬ ²´¦²´¬¯´¬ ´¦.¨¯´¦¯§¯¦²®´¥¢®¨®²¦´¯§ ¦§¬¦¨¯´¥¡ ²´¦¨2 ¨®²¦ ¬¢¨¥³§¯ ¨¬¦§²¦2´´¬¦

&3 3* ./°012*&¦ -¯, 3Ȁ

,´¥´¦¯´¦§®¯¨¥¦§²²®³´²¦¯´¦¥´§´¥¦§²¦2§² ¦¬¨¡´ȁ´¦¨¢¦³ ¥¨2 ¨¨ȁ §¦¯´ ¬ 9®´²¦§¬¦§²¦

&3 3*

°012*&¦

¨¥¦1 ¯´¦2¦

§¬¦1 ¯´¦4¦§¥´¦ ¨³´¯´(¦³´§¬ ¬ȁ´²²¦¨®¯¦¨¢¦ ¨¬¯´¯¦§¬¦ ¢¢ ®¯¦¯¨¦¢¨¨¡¦ ¬¦ ¨¬¯´¯¦¦

¯®2´²¦¥´¥´²´¬¯¦¡ ¯¨®¯¦§ ¬ȁ¦¯¨¦ ¨¬²¯§¬¯(¦¥´¢´¥¦2§ ¦¯¨¦²¨³´¦¥´ ¨®²¦¨ ¬¯¦ ¬¦¯´¦

84

1-5--+

6"1". -%1*708

295--+-

¯´¦§²²§ȁ´¦2¨¯¦ ¬¦¯´¦ ¨¬¯´¯¦¨¢¦¯´¦§´¥¦§¬¦ ¢¦¯§´¬¦¨®¯¦¨¢¦ ¨¬¯´¯¦

&4

1-5--::

6;--"/;-".;-3<1<

-%1*708 5--+-

(¨®¥¦¢ ȁ®¥´²¦§¬¦¯§2´²¦§²¦(¨®¦¥¨ ´´¦1®³³§¥ ´²¦¨¢¦¯´¦²¯§¯ ²¯ §¦§¬§(²´²¦³§(¦§´§¥¦´ ¯´¥¦ ¬¦

²¨®¦2´¦ ¥§¢¯´¦¯¨¦¢¨¨¡¦¯ ²¦²´9®´¬ ´¦§¬¦ ȁ ȁ¯¦¯´¦´ ´¬ ´¦¬´´´¦¯¨¦§¬²¡´¥¦¯´¦

9®´²¯ ¨¬²?(¨¯´²´²¦(¨®¦ ¬´²¯ ȁ§¯´¦&³¨¥¯§¬¯¦¬´ȁ§¯ ´¦¥´²®¯²¦²¨®¦2´¦¥´¨¥¯´¦¯¨¨¦®¯¨¥²¦

¨³ ¬§¯´¦´¥´¦2®¯¦®²´¦¯´¦§ ¯ ´¦¨ ´¦§²¦³® ¦§²¦¨²² 2´¦/²´¦¯´¦7͒, Ȁ ¯,¯¦¨ ¦¥´´¯ ¯ ´¦

ȁ´¥³ ¬§¯ ¨¬¦´¥ ´¬¯§ȁ´²¦! ȁ¦4"¦1´´²¦´¨²´¦¯¨¦¯´¦4$§(¦¯¥´§¯³´¬¯¦§¦¯´¦ ȁ´²¯¦

®³®§¯ ´¦ȁ´¥³ ¬§¯ ¨¬¦!H;D"¦24@¦¯ ³´²¦¯§¯¦¨¢¦¯´¦24$¦¨¥¦@$

¨¬¯¥¨²I¦

· &¬¦ ¨¬¯¥§²¯¦¯ ²¦´§³´¦²¯¥§(²¦²®2¯(¦ ¬¯¨¦ ¬¯´¥¥´¯§¯ ¨¬¦2(¦¥´¢´¥¥ ¬ȁ¦¯¨¦¨¯ ³§ ¯(¦!§¦

¨¬ ´¯®§¦³¨´"¦§¬¦¯( ¬ȁ¦¯´¦¨2²´¥´¦¥´²®¯¦¯¨¦¯§¯¦ ´§%¦¦

¨¬ȁ´¥¦!@¦"¦¨¥¦²¨¥¯´¥¦!24¦"¦´¨²®¥´²¦¥¨® ¬ȁ¦²³§´¥¦ȁ§ ¬²¦ ¬¦ȁ´¥³ ¬§¯ ¨¬¦¡´¬¦

¨³§¥´¦¯¨¦¯´¦ ¨¬¯¥¨¦ȁ¥¨®I 5¦

1¯¥§¯´ȁ(¦¢¨¥¦*¥ ¯ ¬ȁ¦¯´¦ ´²®¯²¦1´ ¯ ¨¬¦

¥´9®´¬¯(¦§²´¦9®´²¯ ¨¬²¦!=²"¦

)³͒ Ȁ͒¡¯Ȁ ³¯Ȁ<¡¯,¢¨ ,<ͽ¦*´¬¦(¨®¦¨²´¦§¦¯´²¯§2´¦(¨¯´² ²¦¯§¯¦ §¬¦2´¦§¬²¡´¥´¦´´¥ ³´¬¯§(¦

¨¥¦§²¦§¦9®´²¯ ¨¬¦¯§¯¦ §¬¦2´¦§¬²¡´¥´¦2(¦ ¨´ ¯ ¬ȁ¦²§³´²¦(¨®¦§ ®³®§¯´¦¨2²´¥§¯ ¨¬²¦§2¨®¯¦

9®´²¯ ¨¬¦&¬¦ȁ´¬´¥§¦¯´¦§¬²¡´¥¦ ²¦¯´¦8´(¦¥´²®¯8¦

¨¢¦³´§¬²¦§¬¦²¯§¬§¥¦´ §¯ ¨¬²6¦ ¬¦§¦§¯´¥¦ ¨®¥²´¦(¨®¦³§(¦2´¦´´ ¯´¦¯¨¦§(¦§¬¦ ¬¯´¥¥´¯¦§¦

§¥ ´¯(¦¨¢¦²¯§¯ ²¯ §¦¯´²¯²¦3¨®¦ ¬²¯¥® ¯¨¥¦¡ ¦¯´¦(¨®¦¯´¦´´¦¨¢¦§¬§(² ²¦¯§¯¦ ²¦´´ ¯´¦

= +8¦3¨®¦¡¨®¦¢ ¥²¯¦ ¨´ ¯¦´ ȁ¯¦§¯§¦

¢¥¨³¦§¥ȁ´¦¥§¬¨³¦²§³´²¦¨¢¦³§´¦§¬¦¢´³§´¦²¯®´¬¯²¦3¨®¦¡¨®¦¯´¬¦ § ®§¯´¦¯´¦´² ¥ ¯ ´¦

²¯§¯ ²¯ ²¦¢¨¥¦¯¨²´¦²§³´²¦!³´§¬¦1'¦¬¦¥§¬ȁ´¦´¯ "¦§¬¦¨¯¦¯´²´¦¬®³2´¥²¦&¬¦§¦ ¨®¥²´¦¡´¥´¦

²¯§¯ ²¯ §¦¯´²¯²¦§¥´¦¬¨¯¦´³¨(´¦(¨®¦¡¨®¦ ²®§(¦ ¬²´ ¯¦¯´²´¦¨¯²¦1®¨²´¦(¨®¦¢¨®¬¦¯§¯¦

³§´¦: ¨¨ȁ(¦³§¨¥²¦§¥´¦¨¬¦§´¥§ȁ´¦24@¦ ³¦¯§´¥¦¯§¬¦¢´³§´¦³§¨¥²6¦¯ ²¦ ²¦¯´¦§¬²¡´¥¦¯¨¦¯´¦

9®´²¯ ¨¬¦

· .¨¯ ´¦¯§¯¦¯´¦¨®¯ ¨³´¦¨¢¦§¦²¯§¯ ²¯ §¦§¬§(² ²¦ ²¦¬¨¯¦§¦´(¦¥´²®¯¦2®¯¦¥§¯´¥¦§¬¦§¬§(¯ §¦

¯´¦¨¬´¦¨¥¦¯¡¨¦´(¦¥´²®¯²¦(¨®¦¡§¬¯¦¯¨¦§¥´²²¦ ¬¦¯´¦¯´¯¦¨¥¯ ¨¬¦¨¢¦¯´¦ ´²®¯²¦1 ³´¦¥®´²¦¯¨¦

o 1 ³ §¥(¦¯´¦¢ ¥²¯¦ ȁ®¥´¦ ²¦ ȁ®¥´¦2¦¯´¦¬´¯¦ ȁ®¥´¦4¦´¯ ¦¦

· *´¬¦¥´¢´¥¥ ¬ȁ¦¯¨¦§¦ ȁ®¥´¦:¦8 ȁ®¥´8¦ ²¦§22¥´ §¯´¦§²¦ ȁ¦¢¨¥¦´§³´¦¦

²¯¥´²² ¬ȁ¦¯´¦´(¦¥´²®¯²¦¡ ¦¥¨ ´¦¯´¦§¬²¡´¥²¦¯¨¦¯´¦9®´²¯ ¨¬!²"¦ ¬´²¯ ȁ§¯´¦¦³§¨¥¦¢®¬ ¯ ¨¬¦

¬ ®§(¦§¬¦ ¬¦²´9®´¬ ´¦!²´´¦

¬®³2´¥ ¬ȁ¦²´9®´¬ ´"¦§¬¦ ´§¥(¦ ¬ §¯´¦¢¨¥¦¯´¦¥´§´¥¦¯´¦´(¦

¥´²®¯²¦¯§¯¦´§ ¦ ¨¬´(²¦J´(¦¥´²®¯²¦´´¬¦¨¬¦(¨®¥¦9®´²¯ ¨¬²¦¯´(¦³ ȁ¯¦ ¬ ®´¦¨2 ¨®²¦¯¥´¬²¦

¡§²¯´¦¨¢¦²§ ´¦§¬¦´¬´¥ȁ(¦'´ ´¦¡ ¦¢¨¥³§¯¦2´²¯¦²¨¡²¦¯´¦¥´²®¯¦§¬¦ȁ¨¦¡ ¯¦ ¯¦¦

¯´¦²¯§¯ ²¯ §¦ ¨¬ ®² ¨¬¦¯§¯¦²®¨¥¯²¦(¨®¥¦¢ ¬ ¬ȁ¦! ¢¦²¯§¯ ²¯ §¦¯´²¯²¦§¥´¦2´ ¬ȁ¦®²´¦ ¬¦(¨®¥¦ ¨®¥²´"¦

¡§²¦² ȁ¬ ¢ §¬¯(¦§¥ȁ´¥¦¯§¬¦¯§¯¦¨¢¦¢´³§´¦: ¨¨ȁ(¦³§¨¥²¦(¨®¦³ ȁ¯¦¥´¨¥¯¦¯ ²¦¥´²®¯¦! ¬¦2®´"¦§¬¦

8#§´²¦!2H<@¦F¦@2¦ ³6¦¬K5;"¦§´¥§ȁ´¦24@¦ ³¦¯§´¥¦¯§¬¦¢´³§´²¦!2LH¦F¦ML¦ ³6¦¬K5;"¦ ¬¦

¯´¦3¦2AA@¦¨¨¦¨¢¦: ¨¨ȁ(¦³§¨¥²¦

&¢¦¯´¦²®³³§¥(¦²¯§¯ ²¯ ²¦§¥´¦²¨¡¬¦ ¬¦§¦¢ ȁ®¥´¦¯´¦²´¬¯´¬ ´¦§2¨´¦¬´´¦¬¨¯¦¥´¨¥¯¦¯´³¦²´ ¢ §(¦

2®¯¦³®²¯¦ ¬ ®´¦§¦¥´¢´¥´¬ ´¦¯¨¦¯´¦¢ ȁ®¥´¦¡´¥´¦¯´(¦³§(¦2´¦²´´¬%¦

8#§´²¦§´¥§ȁ´¦24@¦ ³¦¯§´¥¦¯§¬¦¢´³§´²¦ ¬¦¯´¦3¦2AA@¦¨¨¦¨¢¦: ¨¨ȁ(¦³§¨¥²¦!¯¡¨$

¦ ȁ¦2"8¦

.¨¯´¦¯§¯¦¯´¦¥´¨¥¯¦¨¢¦¯´¦´(¦¥´²®¯¦!²¨¡¬¦ ¬¦2®´"¦¡¨®¦2´¦ ´¬¯ §¦ ¬¦§¦§´¥¦¡¥ ¯¯´¬¦¢¨¥¦§¦

o &¬¦² ´¬¯ ¢ ¦²¯® ´²¦¯´¦®²´¦¨¢¦¯ ²¦¡¨¥¦ ³ ´²¦¯§¯¦§¦²¯§¯ ²¯ §¦¯´²¯¦¡§²¦´³¨(´¦¯¨¦

³§´¦§¦´ ² ¨¬¦§2¨®¯¦¯´¦§¯§6¦ ¬¦¯ ²¦ §²´¦¯´¦¯´²¯¦ ¬ §¯´¦§¦§¥ȁ´¥¦ ¢¢´¥´¬ ´¦ ¬¦

³´§¬¦´ ȁ¯²¦¯§¬¦(¨®¦¡¨®¦´´ ¯¦¯¨¦ȁ´¯¦2(¦ §¬ ´¦§¨¬´¦( ³ ¯¦¯´¦®²

8² ȁ¬ ¢ §¬¯8¦¯¨¦¯ ²¦®¥¨²´¦¨¬(¦¦

o &¢¦(¨®¥¦§¥´¬¯´¯ §¦²¯§¯ ²¯ §¦ ¬¢¨¥³§¯ ¨¬¦ ¬ ®´²¦§¦$§®´¦¯§¯¦ ²¦² ȁ¬ ¢ §¬¯¦ ¯¦ ²¦

´²²§¥(¦!§¬¦¥´®¬§¬¯"¦¯¨¦®²´¦¯´¦¡¨¥¦8² ȁ¬ ¢ §¬¯8¦ ¬¦¯´¦2¨(¦¨¢¦¯´¦²´¬¯´¬ ´¦

(¨®¥¦(¨¯´² ²¦¡§²¦ ¬ ¨¥¥´ ¯¦§¬¦¬´´²¦¯¨¦2´¦¥´¢¨¥³®§¯´¦¨¥¦´¥§²¦(¨®¦§´¦²¯®³2´¦¨¬¯¨¦

²¨³´¯ ¬ȁ¦®¬´´ ¯´¦¯§¯¦¡§¥¥§¬¯²¦¢®¥¯´¥¦²¯®(¦#¨¥´¨´¥¦¯´¦§2²´¬ ´¦¨¢¦§¬¦´¢¢´ ¯¦³§(¦2´¦´¥(¦

¯´ ¬ȁ¦ ¬¦³§¬(¦² ¯®§¯ ¨¬²¦&¬¦§¬(¦ §²´¦(¨®¥¦¥´²®¯²¦³§(¦2´¦¨¢¦ ³¨¥¯§¬ ´¦¯¨¦¨¯´¥²¦´´¬¦¯¨®ȁ¦¯´(¦

´´ ¯´¦§¥´¦¬´ ´²²§¥ (¦82§¦§¯§8¦&¢¦(¨®¦ §¥¥ ´¦¨®¯¦¯´¦¡¨¥¦¡´¦¯´(¦§¥´¦² ³(¦(¨®¥¦¥´²®¯²¦

§¬¦¬´´¦ ¬¯´¥¥´¯§¯ ¨¬¦#§¬(¦ ³¨¥¯§¬¯¦ ² ¨´¥ ´²¦ §¬¦2´¦¯¥§ ´¦¯¨¦82§¦§¯§8¦

¡§²¦2;<¦³ ¬8¦¦

· *´¬¦ ¬ ® ¬ȁ¦§¦³´§²®¥´¦¨¢¦§¥ §2 ¯(¦§ ´¦¯´¦®¬ ¯¦¦¯´¦´¥¥¨¥¦§®´¦´ȁ¦8¡§²¦2<¦F¦

45¦³

8¦¦

´§³´%¦8

´¬ȁ¯²¦¨¢¦@¦2<¦2@¦§¬¦4<¦³8¦¨¥¦8¬¨¦ ¢¢´¥´¬ ´²¦¡´¥´¦¨2²´¥´¦§¢¯´¥¦4¦;¦L¦¨¥¦H¦

³ ¬¦¨¢¦ ¬ ®2§¯ ¨¬

8¦¦

5!ȝ¦&ȝȝ!.2Ȁ

O¦²¯¥§¯´ȁ(¦O¦=²¦O¦²¯(´¦O¦§¥¨§ ¦O¦®²´¦¨¢¦ ¯´¥§¯®¥´¦O¦¥´²®¯²¦ ¬¦ ² ®²² ¨¬¦O¦

¬¨¡¬¦§2¨®¯¦¯´¦²®2´ ¯¦¨¢¦¯´¦ ¬´²¯ ȁ§¯ ¨¬¦§¬¦¯¨¦´§ ¬¦¨®¥¦¬´¡¦®¬´¥²¯§¬ ¬ȁ¦¨¢¦¯´¦¥¨2´³¦

&¬¯¥¨® ¯ ¨¬¦2(¦

¡§(¦¨¢¦¯´¦9®´²¯ ¨¬!²"¦¨¥¦(¨¯´²´²¦(¨®¦¨²´¦§¬¦¯´¦ ¯´¥§¯®¥´¦(¨®¦ ¯´¦2®¯¦ ¯¦¨´²¦¬¨¯¦² ³(¦

®¬§³´¬¯§¦9®´²¯ ¨¬²¦¯¨¦§¬²¡´¥¦´¥´¦ ¬ ®´%¦

· '¨¦(¨®¥¦¥´²®¯²¦¥¨ ´¦§¬²¡´¥²¦¯¨¦(¨®¥¦¯´²¯§2´¦(¨¯´²´²+¦&¢¦²¨¦¨¡¦¨¦(¨®¦ ¬¯´¥¥´¯¦(¨®¥¦

· B ´¬¦(¨®¥¦ ¨¬ ®² ¨¬²¦¡§¯¦ ²¦¨®¥¦¬´¡¦®¬´¥²¯§¬ ¬ȁ¦¨¢¦¯´¦¥¨2´³¦(¨®¦ ¬´²¯ ȁ§¯´¦§¬¦

· &¢¦¡§¥¥§¬¯´¦¡§¯¦¡¨®¦2´¦¯´¦¬´¯¦²¯´¦ ¬¦(¨®¥¦²¯®(¦´ȁ¦¡§¯¦´´¥ ³´¬¯²¦¡¨®¦(¨®¦¨¦

?%Ȁȝ ®¨¯%¦/²´¦¯´¦§ ¯ ´¦¨ ´¦¡´¬´´¥¦¨²² 2´¦ ¬¦¯ ²¦²´ ¯ ¨¬¦*§¯ ¦¨®¯¦¢¨¥¦¡¨¥(¦¥§²´²6¦2´¦

¨¬ ²´¦§¬¦³§´¦(¨®¥¦¨ ¬¯²¦ ´§¥(¦/²´¦¨¢¦¯´¦¢ ¥²¯¦´¥²¨¬¦ ²¦¨§(¦2®¯¦¯¨¨¦³® ¦®²´¦¨¢¦¯´¦¢ ¥²¯¦

¥´²´¬¯´¦¥´²®¯²6¦ ² ®²²¦´§ ¦ ¬¦¯´¦²§³´¦²´9®´¬ ´¦§²¦¥´²´¬¯´¦ ¬¦¯´¦ ´²®¯²¦¥¨ ¬ȁ¦(¨®¥¦

¬¯´¥¥´¯§¯ ¨¬¦¨¢¦¡§¯¦¯´(¦³´§¬¦ ¬¦¯´¦§¥ȁ´¥¦ ¨¬¯´¯¦¨¢¦¯´¦¥¨2´³¦'¨¦¬¨¯¦¡§²¯´¦´¬¯ ¥´¦

²´¬¯´¬ ´²¦¥´²¯§¯ ¬ȁ¦(¨®¥¦¥´²®¯²6¦ ¢¦(¨®¦¬´´¦¯¨¦¥´³ ¬¦¯´¦¥´§´¥¦¨¢¦¯´¦¥´²®¯¦¯¨¦2´¦ ² ®²²´¦®²´¦

82¥ ȁ´¦²´¬¯´¬ ´²8¦¯§¯¦¥´§¯´¦¯´¦¥´²®¯¦¯¨¦¯´¦ ¬¯´¥¥´¯§¯ ¨¬%¦

¯§¯P

¬¯´¥¥´¯§¯ ¨¬Q8¦

3¨®¦¡ ¦¬´ ´²²§¥ (¦³§´¦

²®2´§ ¬ȁ²¦ ¢¦¬´´¦2´¦¯¨¦´¦¨¥ȁ§¬ 0´¦(¨®¥¦¥´²´¬¯§¯ ¨¬¦:´¦¡§¥(¦¨¢¦

¥´²´¬¯´¦´¥´¦¯§¯¦¥ ȁ¯(¦2´¨¬ȁ¦ ¬¦¯´¦¥´²®¯²¦

2´¦§2´¦¯¨¦¥´ ¬¯´¥¥´¯¦¨¯´¥²>¦¢ ¬ ¬ȁ²¦ ¬¦ ȁ¯¦¨¢¦(¨®¥²¦&¬¦´ ¯´¥¦ §²´¦(¨®¦²¨®¦ ² ®²²¦¥´§²¨¬²¦

¢¨¥¦² ³ §¥ ¯ ´²¦§¬¦ ¢¢´¥´¬ ´²¦2´¯¡´´¬¦(¨®¥²¦§¬¦¨¯´¥²>¦¢ ¬ ¬ȁ²¦)¨¬² ´¥¦¨¡¦¯´¦¥´²®¯²¦¨¢¦

¨¯´¥¦²¯® ´²¦³§(¦2´¦ ¨³2 ¬´¦¡ ¯¦(¨®¥²¦¯¨¦´¥ ´¦§¦¬´¡¦¨¥¦´¥§²¦2´¯¯´¥¦²®2²¯§¬¯ §¯´¦

®¬´¥²¯§¬ ¬ȁ¦¨¢¦¯´¦¥¨2´³¦:´¦²®¥´¦¯¨¦²¯§¯´¦¯´¦ ¨¬ ®² ¨¬²¦¯§¯¦ §¬¦2´¦¥§¡¬¦¢¥¨³¦(¨®¥¦

¥´²®¯²¦ ¬¦ ȁ¯¦¨¢¦¯´²´¦ ¨¬² ´¥§¯ ¨¬²¦3¨®¦³§(¦§²¨¦ ¨¨²´¦¯¨¦2¥ ´¢(¦³´¬¯ ¨¬¦¢®¥¯´¥¦²¯® ´²¦

²´ ¯ ¨¬¦¯§2´²¦§¬¦¢ ȁ®¥´²¦¡ ¦´¦´§ ¬¦²¨³´¯ ¬ȁ¦(¨®¦§¥´¦ ² ®²² ¬ȁ¦¯´(¦³®²¯¦¬¨¯¦

§¯§¦´§²¦¯¨¦¨¥¦ ¨¥¥´§¯´²¦¡ ¯¦§¬¨¯´¥¦´¯ ¦¨¥¦´§³´¦ ¢¦(¨®¦¡´¥´¦²¯®( ¬ȁ¦§¦³´³2¥§¬´$

2¨®¬¦¯¥§¬²¨¥¯¦ §¬¬´¦§¬¦(¨®¦ ² ¨´¥´¦§¦¬´¡¦2 ¯¦¨¢¦ ¬¢¨¥³§¯ ¨¬¦§2¨®¯¦ ¯²¦³´ §¬ ²³¦(¨®¦

¡¨¥¦¨¥¦¥´ ´ ´¦³§¯´¥ §²¦¢¥¨³¦²¨³´¨¬´¦¡¨¦ ¦(¨®¦§¦¢§¨¥¦2(¦²®( ¬ȁ¦¯´³¦(¨®¦³®²¯¦

¥´²´§¥ ¦¯¨®ȁ¦®²®§¦²¯(´¦¥´9® ¥´³´¬¯²¦!´ȁ¦2²¯¦´¥²¨¬¦¨2´ ¯ ¯("¦§¥´¦¥´§´¦²¨³´¡§¯¦

´¥´¦ ¬¨¡´ȁ³´¬¯²¦§¥´¦§¡§(²¦2¥ ´¢¦§¬¦¬´´¥¦¢¨¡´¥(¦

¯´¦¥´¢´¥´¬ ´²¦¯§¯¦(¨®¦§ ¯®§(¦ ¯´¦ ¬¦¯´¦2¨(¦¨¢¦(¨®¥¦§´¥¦

®2 §¯ ¨¬¦³§(¦2´¦¢¨®¬¦ ¬¦

2.§ȩ%¦

0 ¦§2´¦¯ ²¦²´ ¯ ¨¬¦8: 2 ¨ȁ¥§(8¦¦2 2 ¨ȁ¥§(¦ ¨¬¯§ ¬²¦¥´¢´¥´¬ ´²¦¯§¯¦(¨®¦³§(¦§´¦

¥´§¦2®¯¦§´¦¬¨¯¦²´ ¢ §(¦ ¯´¦ ¬¦¯´¦¯´¯¦: 2 ¨ȁ¥§(¦²´ ¯ ¨¬²¦§¥´¦¢¨®¬¦ ¬¦2¨¨²¦§¬¦¨¯´¥¦

¯´¥§¥(¦¡¥ ¯ ¬ȁ¦2®¯¦¬¨¯¦² ´¬¯ ¢ ¦¨®¥¬§$²¯(´¦§´¥²¦

4¦ 5¦

¥44ȩ25!¦ȩȝȀ

³§(¦¥´²´¬¯¦ ¬¢¨¥³§¯ ¨¬¦¯§¯¦¢®¥¯´¥¦ §¥ ¢ ´²¦§¦¨ ¬¯¦¡ ¯¨®¯¦2®¥´¬ ¬ȁ¦¯´¦2¨(¦¨¢¦¯´¦

¦§¥¯¦¨¢¦¯´¦§´¥¦§¬¦ ²¦¨¬(¦¥§¥´(¦¢¨®¬¦ ¬¦®2 ²´¦

1¯͒±(Ǿ,%¦-§ ¦´¬ ¦²¨®¦2´¦ ´¬¯ ¢ ´¦2(¦§¦ ¨³§¬¦¬®³´¥§¦ ¬¦²´9®´¬ ´¦´ȁ¦´¬ ¦&¦

· ´§¬§¯ ¨¬¦¨¢¦¢¨¥³®§²¦´ ¯´¥¦§¥´§(¦¬¨¡¬¦¨¬´²¦¨¥¦´²´ §(¦ ¢¦(¨®¦§´¦8 ¬´¬¯´8¦²¨³´¦

· ²´ § 0´¦ ¨³®¯´¥¦¥¨ȁ¥§³²¦¢¨¥¦§¦§¥¯ ®§¥¦¥¨ ´®¥´¦¦

§22¥´ §¯´¦¢§² ¨¬¦¨¥¦2(¦²¨³´¦ ¨³³¨¬¦¬§³´¦ ¬¦¯´¦¯´¯¦¨¢¦(¨®¥¦§´¥¦¦

· §ȁ¥§³²¦¨¢¦²´ § 0´¦§§¥§¯ ¦¦ ȁ(Ǿ¢¡¯,Ȁ͒±Ȁ§͒ ¨¯,Ȁ(Ȁ¥77¯±(´¯,¦

¬®³2´¥ ¬ȁ¦³®²¯¦ ¬ §¯´¦¯´¦§´¬ ¦¬®³2´¥¦§²¦¡´¦!²´´¦

#¨ ¢ ´¦5$H$22¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦'´§¥¯³´¬¯¦¨¢¦: ¨¨ȁ(¦:§¯´²¦)¨´ȁ´¦¦(´¡ ²¯¨¬¦#-¦<;4;<¦¦

=<ȁG

Example 2: Courtesy of Shelley Ball.

Example 3: Courtesy of Greg Anderson

67891011-12

0 5 10 15 20 A 394
464

Age Class (yr)

Growth Increment (cm/yr)

Figure 5. Mean (+SEM) annual stem growth of white pine seedlings over growing seasons 2006-2008 following a selective harvest in 2006 in (A) a selectively harvested area, and, (B) a non-harvested area. The data are based on direct internode length measurements. The dashed line indicates the previous, long-term annual growth increment of seedlings prior to the release based on analysis of a representative sample of 308 seedlings in 2007. Numbers over bars indicate sample size.

678910-110

5 10 15 20 B 45344

Age Class (yr)

Growth Increment (cm/yr)

" ± 2± ¯2 B

02®³®¦± ¯2²

,ͽͽC" ,ͽBͷ" #, 1,$ #, $(2 &,33,7"14/ $ͷ;͹"Ȁ,$ͷF,$@ȁ

͹;C"Ȁ,,DͷF,,$͹ȁ

2®¸¬®´² ;,ͽBͽ" 3·

;2®¸¬®´² ,ͽBͽ"

ȁ¯ȁ ,DD$FCͷȁ

3· O 1 |

·--ǿ 9ͽ¨¦ȁ "3ȁ%

2 | 3 | 4 |

Papers.....JusttheFAQs

[TableofContents]

GENERALFAQs

HowdoIwritenumbersinthetext?

WhatifIstartasentencewithanumber?

TopofPage

quotesdbs_dbs19.pdfusesText_25
[PDF] font licensing costs

[PDF] font names and examples

[PDF] font not available in adobe acrobat

[PDF] font similar to century gothic on google fonts

[PDF] font size disability discrimination act

[PDF] font size for ada compliance

[PDF] font size for gallery labels

[PDF] font size for university assignments

[PDF] font size latex article

[PDF] font size latex math mode

[PDF] font size latex overleaf

[PDF] font size latex table

[PDF] font sizes latex math

[PDF] font sizes latex small tiny

[PDF] font style scientific papers