Renewables 2021 - Analysis and forecast to 2026
International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) National Renewable Energy certificate scheme for utility-scale and large-scale commercial applications.
RENEWABLES 2020 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT
Global Solar Council (GSC). Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC). Indian Renewable Energy Federation. (IREF). International Geothermal Association.
Glossary of Abbreviations and Acronyms
Argentinian–Brazilian Agency for Nuclear Energy Certification Board of the Spanish Association of ... Affaires étrangères et Commerce international.
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09-Nov-2020 dans le domaine des énergies renouvelables (ER). Il vise à faciliter le commerce international d'équipements et de services dans les ...
REN21
13-Mar-2017 Table R1 Global Renewable Energy Capacity and ... Energies Renouvelables) ... models and a global certification scheme have combined to.
Provisional list of registered participants
13-Dec-2019 International Climate Change and Energy Innovation Division ... Directeur de la Maitrise de l'Energie et des Energies Renouvelables.
69UNECE Energy Series
mitigate the economic and social impact of the global COVID-19 crisis. The United Nations Economic. Commission for Europe (UNECE) was an implementing
INTERNATIONAL MARKETS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY
18 If however
Unclassified ECO/WKP(2001)3 ECO/WKP(2001)3 Un classified
25-Jan-2001 la promotion des énergies renouvelables (y compris éolienne) au moyen ... Water resources in Denmark: an international comparison 1997 …
Renewable Energy Market Analysis: The GCC Region
The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) is an intergovernmental organisation that supports coun- tries in their transition to a sustainable energy
RENEWABLES ????
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT
2Rana Adib
Arthouros Zervos
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Our annual publicationRenewables Global Status ReportRENEWABLES ???? GLOBAL STATUS REPORT
Acknowledgements ................................ 9 Foreword .......................................... 13 Executive Summary ................................ 14 Buildings .......................................... 37 Industry ........................................... 40 Transport .......................................... 42 Power ............................................. 46REN21. 2020.
(Paris: REN21 Secretariat). ISBNTABLE OF CONTENTS
26Cross-sectoral Targets and Policies
................. 56 Renewable Energy and Climate Change Policy ...... 58 Heating and Cooling ............................... 60 Transport .......................................... 64 Power ............................................. 70Systems Integration of Variable
Renewable Electricity
............................... 74 Bioenergy ......................................... 81 Geothermal Power and Heat ....................... 92 Hydropower ....................................... 98 Ocean Power ...................................... 103 Solar Photovoltaics (PV) ............................ 107 Concentrating Solar Thermal Power (CSP) .......... 120 Solar Thermal Heating and Cooling ................. 124 Wind Power ....................................... 131 01 5202 80
03 4
DISCLAIMER:
REN21 releases issue papers and reports to emphasise the importance of renewable energy and to generate discussion on issues central to the promotion
of renewable energy. While REN21 papers and reports have benefited from the considerations and input from the REN21 community, they do not necessarily
represent a consensus among network participants on any given point. Although the information given in this report is the best available to the authors at the
time, REN21 and its participants cannot be held liable for its accuracy and correctness.The designations employed and the presentation of material in the maps in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever concerning the
legal status of any region, country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, and is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the
delimitation of international frontiers or boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.
Overview of Energy Access ......................... 149 Technologies and Markets .......................... 150 Business Models ................................... 155 Investment and Financing .......................... 156 Policy Developments ............................... 159 New Programmes and Initiatives .................... 160 Investment by Economy ............................ 167 Investment by Technology .......................... 170 Investment by Type ................................ 171 Investment in Perspective .......................... 172Advances in the Integration of
Variable Renewable Electricity
...................... 176 Enabling Technologies for Systems Integration ...... 179 Renewables and Primary Energy Eiciency .......... 190 Renewables and Final Energy Consumption ......... 192 Factors Behind Public Support for Renewables ...... 198 Levers to Build Public Support and Encourage Action .. 201 14604 186
07 196
08 164
05 174
06 Reference Tables .................................. 204 Energy Units and Conversion Factors ............... 248 Data Collection and Validation ...................... 249 Methodological Notes .............................. 250
Glossary
. . . . . . . 253 List of Abbreviations ............................... 261 Photo Credits ...................................... 262 Full endnotes and data: see online at www.ren21.net/gsrRENEWABLES ???? GLOBAL STATUS REPORT
SIDEBARS
TABLES
The COVID-19 Crisis and Renewable Energy ... 28
Renewable Energy-Related Jobs
in Energy Access ............................ 50Trade Policy, Trade Agreements
and Renewables ............................. 55The History of Ocean Power ................. 104
Renewable Electricity Generation
Costs in 2019
............................... 144Renewable Energy Indicators 2019 ............ 35
Top Five Countries 2019 ...................... 36
Renewable Energy Targets and Policies, 2019 . 76
Distributed Renewables Policies for Electricity
Access, Selected Countries, 2019 ............ 162
Distributed Renewables Policies for Clean
Cooking Access, Selected Countries, 2019
... 163REFERENCE TABLES
Global Renewable Electricity Capacity, Heat Demand and Biofuel Production, 2019 ...... 204Renewable Power Capacity, World and Top
Regions/Countries, 2019 .................... 205
Renewable Energy Shares of Primary
and Final Energy, Targets as of End-2019 and Status in 2018 .......................... 206Renewable Heating and Cooling, Targets
as of End-2019 and Status in 2017 ........... 209Renewable Transport, Targets as of
End-2019 and Status in 2017
................. 211Renewable Share of Electricity Generation,
Targets as of End-2019 and Status in 2018 .... 212Renewable Power, Targets for Technology-
Specific Share of Electricity Generation
as of End-2019 .............................. 216Renewable Power, Targets for Specific
Amount of Installed Capacity or Generation
as of End-2019 .............................. 217Renewable Heating and Cooling Policies,
as of End-2019 ............................. 223Renewable Transport Mandates at the
National/State/Provincial Levels,
as of End-2019 .............................. 225Feed-in Electricity Policies, Cumulative
Number of Countries/States/Provinces
and 2019 Revisions .......................... 231Renewable Power Tenders Held at the
National/State/Provincial Levels, 2019
....... 232Biofuels Global Production, Top 15 Countries
and EU-28, 2019 ........................... 234Geothermal Power Global Capacity and
Additions, Top 10 Countries, 2019 ........... 235
Hydropower Global Capacity and Additions,
Top 10 Countries, 2019
...................... 236Solar PV Global Capacity and Additions,
Top 10 Countries, 2019
....................... 237Concentrating Solar Thermal Power (CSP)
Global Capacity and Additions, 2019
........ 238Solar Water Heating Collectors and Total
Capacity End-2018 and Newly Installed
Capacity 2019, Top 20 Countries
............ 239Wind Power Global Capacity and Additions,
Top 10 Countries, 2019
....................... 240Electricity Access by Region and
Country, Status in 2018 and Targets
.......... 241Clean Cooking Access by Region and
Country, Status in 2018 and Targets
.......... 244Global Trends in Renewable Energy
Investment, 2009-2019
...................... 247TABLE OF CONTENTS
6FIGURES
Figure 1. Estimated Renewable Share of Total Final EnergyConsumption, 2018
............................... 32Estimated Global Growth in Renewable Energy
Compared to Total Final Energy Consumption,
2013-2018
........................................ 33Renewable Share of Total Final Energy
Consumption, by Final Energy Use, 2017 ........... 33Renewable Share of Total Final Energy
Consumption in Buildings, 2017 ................... 37Estimated Renewable Share of Heating and
Cooling in Buildings, 2018 ......................... 38Renewable Share of Total Final Energy
Consumption in Industry and Agriculture, 2017 ..... 40Figure 7. Renewable Share of Total Final Energy
Consumption in Transport, 2017 ................... 42Annual Additions of Renewable Power Capacity,
by Technology and Total, 2013-2019 ............... 46Renewable and Non-renewable Shares of
Net Annual Additions in Power Generating
Capacity, 2009-2019
.............................. 47Estimated Renewable Energy Share of Global
Electricity Production, End-2019 ................... 48Employment Estimates Related to Distributed
Renewables for Energy Access in India, Kenya
and Nigeria, 2017/18 .............................. 50Number of Countries with Renewable Energy
Policies, 2004-2019 ............................... 54National Sector-Specific Targets for Share of
Renewable Energy by a Specific Year, in Place
at End-2019 ...................................... 56National Targets for Share of Renewable Energy
in Final Energy, by a Specific Year, in Place at End-2019 ...................................... 57Countries with Selected Climate Change Policies,
Early 2020 ........................................ 58Countries with Policies for Renewable Heating
and Cooling, 2009-2019 ........................... 60National and Sub-National Renewable Transport
Mandates, as of End-2019 ......................... 64Targets for Renewable Power and Electric
Vehicles, as of End-2019 .......................... 65Cumulative Number of Countries with Feed-in
or Tendering Policies, 2009-2019 .................. 71Estimated Shares of Bioenergy in Total Final
Energy Consumption, Overall and by End-Use
Sector, 2018
...................................... 82Global Bioenergy Use for Heating,
by End-Use, 2010-2018 ........................... 83Global Production of Ethanol, Biodiesel and
HVO/HEFA Fuel, by Energy Content, 2010-2019
.... 85Global Bioelectricity Generation, by Region,
2009-2019
........................................ 87Geothermal Power Capacity Global Additions,
Share by Country, 2019 ........................... 92Geothermal Power Capacity and Additions,
Top 10 Countries for Capacity Added and
Rest of World, 2019
............................... 93Hydropower Global Capacity, Shares of
Top 10 Countries and Rest of World, 2019
.......... 98Hydropower Capacity and Additions,
Top 10 Countries for Capacity Added, 2019
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