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[PDF] General MIDI Chart with Pitch Conversions for Percussion

General MIDI Level 1 Sound Set General MIDI's most recognized feature is the defined list of sounds or "patches" However General MIDI does not



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  • How many patches does General MIDI require?

    General MIDI (GM) is a defined standard set of 128 Patches adopted to make sound modules more compatible. The 128 Patches appear in a specific order. As examples, Patch number 1 on all GM sound modules is always the sound of an Acoustic Grand Piano and Patch number 25 is always a Nylon String Guitar.
  • How many patches are there in MIDI?

    MIDI Patches are numbered from 1 to 128. Mixbus can send a “patch change” message to a device, to request the patch at that index. A MIDI bank is a mechanism to access additional sets of 128 patches. Banks were added to support devices with more than 128 sounds, or patches.
  • What are the General MIDI numbers?

    The General MIDI standard includes 47 percussive sounds, using note numbers 35-81 (of the possible 128 numbers from 0–127), as follows: 25 Snare Roll. 26 Finger Snap. 27 High Q.
  • There are 16 channels per MIDI device. A track in your sequencer program plays one instrument over a single channel. The MIDI messages in the track find their way to the instrument over that channel.
General MIDI Chart with Pitch Conversions for Percussion Instruments (Channel 10)

General MIDI Level 1 Sound Set

General MIDI's most recognized feature is the defined list of sounds or "patches". However, General MIDI does not

actually define the way the sound will be reproduced, only the name of that sound.

Though this can obviously result in wide variations in performance from the same song data on different GM sound

sources, the authors of General MIDI felt it important to allow each manufacturer to have their own ideas and express

their personal aesthetics when it comes to picking the exact timbres for each sound.

Each manufacturer must insure that their sounds provide an acceptable representation of song data written for General

MIDI. Guidelines for developing GM compatible sound sets and song data are available through the MMA.

The names of the instruments indicate what sort of sound will be heard when that instrument number (MIDI

Program Change or "PC#") is selected on the GM1 synthesizer.

These sounds are the same for all MIDI Channels except Channel 10, which has only percussion sounds and

some sound "effects". (See "GM1 Percussion Key Map" )

General MIDI Level 1 Instrument Families

The General MIDI Level 1 instrument sounds are grouped by families. In each family are 8 specific instruments.

PC# Family Name PC# Family Name

1-8 Piano 65-72 Reed

9-16 Chromatic Percussion 73-80 Pipe

17-24 Organ 81-88 Synth Lead

25-32 Guitar 89-96 Synth Pad

33-40 Bass 97-104 Synth Effects

41-48 Strings 105-112 Ethnic

49-56 Ensemble 113-120 Percussive

57-64 Brass 121-128 Sound Effects

General MIDI Level 1 Instrument Patch Map

Note: While GM1 does not define the actual characteristics of any sounds, the names in parentheses after each of

the synth leads, pads, and sound effects are, in particular, intended only as guides).

PC# Instrument Name PC# Instrument Name

1. Acoustic Grand Piano 65. Soprano Sax

2. Bright Acoustic Piano 66. Alto Sax

3. Electric Grand Piano 67. Tenor Sax

4. Honky-tonk Piano 68. Baritone Sax

5. Electric Piano 1 69. Oboe

6. Electric Piano 2 70. English Horn

7. Harpsichord 71. Bassoon

8. Clavi 72. Clarinet

9. Celesta 73. Piccolo

10. Glockenspiel 74. Flute

11. Music Box 75. Recorder

12. Vibraphone 76. Pan Flute

13. Marimba 77. Blown Bottle

14. Xylophone 78. Shakuhachi

15. Tubular Bells 79. Whistle

16. Dulcimer 80. Ocarina

17. Drawbar Organ 81. Lead 1 (square)

18. Percussive Organ 82. Lead 2 (sawtooth)

19. Rock Organ 83. Lead 3 (calliope)

20. Church Organ 84. Lead 4 (chiff)

21. Reed Organ 85. Lead 5 (charang)

22. Accordion 86. Lead 6 (voice)

23. Harmonica 87. Lead 7 (fifths)

24. Tango Accordion 88. Lead 8 (bass + lead)

25. Acoustic Guitar (nylon) 89. Pad 1 (new age)

26. Acoustic Guitar (steel) 90. Pad 2 (warm)

27. Electric Guitar (jazz) 91. Pad 3 (polysynth)

28. Electric Guitar (clean) 92. Pad 4 (choir)

29. Electric Guitar (muted) 93. Pad 5 (bowed)

30. Overdriven Guitar 94. Pad 6 (metallic)

31. Distortion Guitar 95. Pad 7 (halo)

32. Guitar harmonics 96. Pad 8 (sweep)

33. Acoustic Bass 97. FX 1 (rain)

34. Electric Bass (finger) 98. FX 2 (soundtrack)

35. Electric Bass (pick) 99. FX 3 (crystal)

36. Fretless Bass 100. FX 4 (atmosphere)

37. Slap Bass 1 101. FX 5 (brightness)

38. Slap Bass 2 102. FX 6 (goblins)

39. Synth Bass 1 103. FX 7 (echoes)

40. Synth Bass 2 104. FX 8 (sci-fi)

41. Violin 105. Sitar

42. Viola 106. Banjo

43. Cello 107. Shamisen

44. Contrabass 108. Koto

45. Tremolo Strings 109. Kalimba

46. Pizzicato Strings 110. Bag pipe

47. Orchestral Harp 111. Fiddle

48. Timpani 112. Shanai

49. String Ensemble 1 113. Tinkle Bell

50. String Ensemble 2 114. Agogo

51. SynthStrings 1 115. Steel Drums

52. SynthStrings 2 116. Woodblock

53. Choir Aahs 117. Taiko Drum

54. Voice Oohs 118. Melodic Tom

55. Synth Voice 119. Synth Drum

56. Orchestra Hit 120. Reverse Cymbal

57. Trumpet 121. Guitar Fret Noise

58. Trombone 122. Breath Noise

59. Tuba 123. Seashore

60. Muted Trumpet 124. Bird Tweet

61. French Horn 125. Telephone Ring

62. Brass Section 126. Helicopter

63. SynthBrass 1 127. Applause

64. SynthBrass 2 128. Gunshot

General MIDI Level 1 Percussion Key Map

On MIDI Channel 10, each MIDI Note number ("Key#") corresponds to a different drum sound, as shown below.

GM-compatible instruments must have the sounds on the keys shown here. While many current instruments also

have additional sounds above or below the range show here, and may even have additional "kits" with variations

of these sounds, only these sounds are supported by General MIDI Level 1 devices.

Key# Drum Sound Key# Drum Sound

35/B1 Acoustic Bass Drum 59/B3 Ride Cymbal 2

36/C2 Bass Drum 1 60/C4 Hi Bongo

37/Cb2 Side Stick 61/Db4 Low Bongo

38/D2 Acoustic Snare 62/D4 Mute Hi Conga

39/Eb2 Hand Clap 63/Eb4 Open Hi Conga

40/E2 Electric Snare 64/E4 Low Conga

41/F2 Low Floor Tom 65/F4 High Timbale

42/Gb2 Closed Hi Hat 66/Gb4 Low Timbale

43/G2 High Floor Tom 67/G4 High Agogo

44/Ab2 Pedal Hi-Hat 68/Ab4 Low Agogo

45/A2 Low Tom 69/A4 Cabasa

46/Bb2 Open Hi-Hat 70/Bb4 Maracas

47/B2 Low-Mid Tom 71/B4 Short Whistle

48/C3 Hi-Mid Tom 72/C5 Long Whistle

49/Db3 Crash Cymbal 1 73/Db5 Short Guiro

50/D3 High Tom 74/D5 Long Guiro

51/Eb3 Ride Cymbal 1 75/Eb5 Claves

52/E3 Chinese Cymbal 76/E5 Hi Wood Block

53/F3 Ride Bell 77/F5 Low Wood Block

54/Gb3 Tambourine 78/Gb5 Mute Cuica

55/G3 Splash Cymbal 79/G5 Open Cuica

56/Ab3 Cowbell 80/Ab5 Mute Triangle

57/A3 Crash Cymbal 2 81/A5 Open Triangle

58/Bb3 Vibraslap

General MIDI 2 (Expanded Range)

27/Eb1 High Q

28/E1 Slap

29/F1 Scratch Push

30/Gb1 Scratch Pull

31/G1 Sticks

32/Ab1 Square Click

33/A1 Metronome Click

34/Bb1 Metronome Bell

82/Bb5 Shaker (GM2)

83/B5 Jingle Bell (GM2)

84/C5 Belltree (GM2)

85/Db5 Castanets (GM2)

86/D5 Mute Surdo (GM2)

87/Eb5 Open Surdo (GM2)

quotesdbs_dbs17.pdfusesText_23
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