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OpenFlow/SDN tutorial

O

FC/NFOEC

March, 2012

Srini Seetharaman

Deutsche Telekom R&D Lab USA

1

Goals of this Tutorial

•By the end, everyone should know: -why do we need OpenFlow/SDN? -what is it? -how it works? -where it is going? -how will it benefit carriers? 2

Why OpenFlow?3

Million of lines

of source code6000+ RFCsBarrier to entryBillions of gates

BloatedPower Hungry

Many complex functions baked into the infrastructure

OSPF, BGP, multicast, differentiated services,Traffic Engineering, NAT, firewalls, MPLS, redundant layers, ...

An industry with a "mainframe-mentality", reluctant to changeThe Ossified NetworkSpecialized Packet

Forwarding HardwareOperating

SystemFeatureFeatureRouting, management, mobility management, access control, VPNs, ...4

Open SystemsPerformance

FidelityScaleReal User Traffic?ComplexityOpen

Simulationmediummediumnomediumyes

Emulationmediumlownomediumyes

Software

Switchespoorlowyesmediumyes

NetFPGAhighlowyeshighyes

Network

Processorshighmediumyeshighyes

Vendor

Switcheshighhighyeslowno

gap in the tool space nonehave all the desired attributes! 5

Specialized Packet

Forwarding HardwareAp

pAppAppSpecialized Packet

Forwarding HardwareAp

pAppApp

Specialized Packet

Forwarding HardwareAp

pAppApp

Specialized Packet

Forwarding HardwareAppAppAppSpecialized Packet

Forwarding HardwareOperating

SystemOperating

SystemOperating

SystemOperating

SystemOperating

SystemAppAppApp

6Current Internet

Closed to Innovations in the InfrastructureClosed

Specialized Packet

Forwarding HardwareAp

pAppAppSpecialized Packet

Forwarding HardwareAp

pAppApp

Specialized Packet

Forwarding HardwareAp

pAppApp

Specialized Packet

Forwarding HardwareAppAppAppSpecialized Packet

Forwarding HardwareOperating

SystemOperating

SystemOperating

SystemOperating

SystemOperating

SystemAppAppAppNetwork Operating SystemAppAppApp

"Software Defined Networking"approach to open it App

Simple Packet

Forwarding

HardwareSimple Packet

Forwarding

HardwareSimple Packet

Forwarding

HardwareAppApp

Simple Packet

Forwarding

HardwareSimple Packet

Forwarding

HardwareNetwork Operating System

1. Open interface to hardware3. Well-defined open API2. At least one good operating system

Extensible, possibly open

sourceThe "Software-defined Network"

How does OpenFlowwork?9

Ethernet Switch

E t h e rn e t Sw i tc h10

Data Path (Hardware)Data Path (Hardware)Control PathControl PathControl Path (Software)Control Path (Software)

11

Data Path (Hardware)Data Path (Hardware)Control PathControl PathOpenFlowOpenFlowOpenFlowOpenFlowControllerControllerOpenFlowProtocol (SSL/TCP)

12

Controller

PC

Hardware

LayerSoftwareLayerFlow Table

MAC srcMACdstIPSrcIPDstTCPsportTCPdportActionOpenFlowClient**5.6.7.8***port 1 port 4port 3port 2port 1

1.2.3.45.6.7.8OpenFlowExample

13

OpenFlowusage

Alice'scodeController

OpenFlowoffloadscontrolintelligenceto a remotesoftware

OpenFlowBasics

Flow Table EntriesSwitch

1.Forward packet to zero or more ports

2.Encapsulate and forward to controller

3.Send to normal processing pipeline

4.Modify Fields

5.Any extensions you add!

+ mask what fields to matchPacket + byte counters

15VLANpcpIPToS

Examples

Switching

*Switch

00:1f:..* * * * * * *port6

Flow Switching

00:20..00:1f..0800vlan11.2.3.4 5.6.7.84 17264 80port6

Firewall

* * * * * * * *22drop 16

Examples

Routing

*Switch * * * * *5.6.7.8* * *port6

VLAN Switching

**vlan1* * * * *port6, port7, port900:1f.. 17

OpenFlow: a pragmatic compromise

•+ Speed, scale, fidelity of vendor hardware •+ Flexibility and control of software and simulation •Vendors don't need to expose implementation •Leverages hardware inside most switches today (ACL tables) 18

Centralized vsDistributed Control

Both models are possible with OpenFlow

Centralized ControlOpenFlow

SwitchOpenFlowSwitchOpenFlowSwitchControllerDistributed Control

OpenFlow

Switch

OpenFlow

SwitchOpenFlowSwitchController

Controller

Controller

19

Flow Routing vs. Aggregation

Both models are possible with OpenFlow

Flow Based •Every flow is individually set up by controller•Exact-match flow entries•Flow table contains one entry per flow•Good for fine grain control, e.g. campus networksAggregated •One flow entry covers large groups of flows •Wildcard flow entries•Flow table contains one entry per category of flows •Good for large number of flows, e.g. backbone 20

Reactive vs. Proactive (pre-populated)

Both models are possible with

OpenFlow

Reactive

•First packet of flow triggers controller to

insert flow entries•Efficient use of flow table•Every flow incurs small additional flow setup time•If control connection lost, switch has limited utilityProactive

•Controller pre-populates flow table in switch•Zero additional flow setup time •Loss of control connection does not disrupt traffic •Essentially requires aggregated (wildcard) rules 21

Usage examples

•Alice's code: -Simple learning switch -Per Flow switching -Network access control/firewall -Static "VLANs" -Her own new routing protocol: unicast, multicast, multipath -Home network manager -Packet processor (in controller) -IPvAlice-VM migration -Server Load balancing -Mobility manager -Power management -Network monitoring and visualization -Network debugging -Network slicing ...and much more you can create!

Topology discoveryInternetA

B CX Y

Quiz Time

•How do I provide control connectivity? Is it really clean slate? •Why aren't users complaining about time to setup flows over

OpenFlow

? (Hint: What is the predominant traffic today?) •Considering switch CPU is the major limit, how can one take down an OpenFlownetwork? •How to perform topology discovery over OpenFlow-enabled switches? •What happens when you have a non-OpenFlowswitch inbetween •What if there are two islands connected to same controller? •How scalable is OpenFlow? How does one scale deployments? 24

What can you not do with OpenFlowver1.1

•Non-flow-based (per-packet) networking -e.g., Handling pkt1 differently from pkt2 of same flow -yes, this is a fundamental limitation -BUT OpenFlowprovides the plumbing to connect devices •New forwarding primitives -BUT provides a nice way to integrate them through extensions •New packet formats/field definitions -BUT a generalized OpenFlow(2.0) is on the horizon •Optical Circuits -BUT efforts underway to apply OpenFlowmodel to circuits •Low-setup-time individual flows -BUT can push down flows proactively to avoid delays 25

Where it's going

•OF v1.1: Extensions for WAN, spring 2011 -multiple tables: leverage additional tables -tags and tunnels -multipath forwarding •OF v2+ -generalized matching and actions: an "instruction set "for networking 26

OpenFlowImplementations

(Switch and Controller)27

OpenFlowbuilding blocksController

NOXNOX

Slicing

Software

FlowVisorFlowVisorExpedient

28Controller

ApplicationsLAVILAVI

ENVI (GUI)ENVI (GUI)

AggregationAggregation

n

Castingn-Casting

NetFPGANetFPGA

Software

Ref. SwitchSoftware

Ref. SwitchBroadcom

Ref. SwitchBroadcom

Ref. Switch

OpenWRTOpenWRT

PCEngine

WiFiAPPCEngine

WiFiAPCommercial Switches

Stanford Provided

OpenFlow

SwitchesSNACSNAC

Stanford Provided

Monitoring/

debugging toolsoflopsoflops oftraceoftrace openseeropenseer

OpenVSwitch

OpenVSwitch

HP, NEC, Pronto,

Juniper.. and

many more HP, NEC, Pronto,

Juniper.. and

many more BeaconBeacon

HeliosHelios

MaestroMaestro

CurrentSDNhardware

JuniperMX-series

HPProcurve5400

II"P

Pronto3240/3290

NECIP8800

CienaCoredirector

WiMax(NEC)

PCEngines

Morecomingsoon...

29

Commercial Switch VendorsNotesVirtualizeModel

No legacy protocols (like VLAN

and STP)

Most actions processed in

hardware

MAC header rewriting in

h/w-OpenFlowtakes precedence

Most actions processed in

hardware

MAC header rewriting in

h/w-LACP, VLAN and STP processing before OpenFlow

Wildcard rules or non

IP pkts processed in s/w

Header rewriting in

s/w

CPU protects mgmt during loop

1 OF instance per switchPronto 3290 or 3780 with Pica8 or Indigo firmware1 OF instance per VLANNEC IP8800 1 OF instance per VLANHP Procurve5400zl or

660030

Open-source controllers

•GPL •Code based on NOX0.4 •Enterprise network •C++, Python and Javascript •Currently used by campusesSNACNotesVendor •GPL •C++ and PythonNicira's

NOX•BSD-like license

•Java-basedStanford's

Beacon

•GPL •Based on JavaMaestro (from

Rice Univ)NotesVendor

•Open-source •Written in C and Ruby •Included test harnessNEC's Trema31

Software-Defined

Networking (SDN)32

Specialized Packet

Forwarding HardwareAp

pAppAppSpecialized Packet

Forwarding HardwareAp

pAppApp

Specialized Packet

Forwarding HardwareAp

pAppApp

Specialized Packet

Forwarding HardwareAppAppAppSpecialized Packet

Forwarding HardwareOperating

SystemOperating

SystemOperating

SystemOperating

SystemOperating

SystemAppAppApp

33Current Internet

Closed to Innovations in the InfrastructureClosed

Specialized Packet

Forwarding HardwareAp

pAppAppSpecialized Packet

Forwarding HardwareAp

pAppApp

Specialized Packet

Forwarding HardwareAp

pAppApp

Specialized Packet

Forwarding HardwareAppAppAppSpecialized Packet

Forwarding HardwareOperating

SystemOperating

SystemOperating

SystemOperating

SystemOperating

SystemAppAppAppNetwork Operating SystemAppAppApp

"Software Defined Networking"approach to open it 34
App

Simple Packet

Forwarding

HardwareSimple Packet

Forwarding

HardwareSimple Packet

Forwarding

HardwareAppApp

Simple Packet

Forwarding

HardwareSimple Packet

Forwarding

HardwareNetwork Operating System

1. Open interface to hardware3. Well-defined open API2. At least one good operating system

Extensible, possibly open

sourceThe "Software-defined Network" 35

VirtualizingOpenFlow36

Windows

(OS)Windows (OS)LinuxMac OSx86 (Computer)Windows (OS)AppApp

LinuxLinuxMac

OSMacOS

Virtualization layerApp

Controller 1AppApp

Controller

quotesdbs_dbs19.pdfusesText_25
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