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FRANK LLOYD

WRIGHT:

A

Bio-Bibliography

Donald Langmead

PRAEGER

FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT

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FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT

Donald Langmead

Bio-Bibliographies in Art and Architecture, Number 6

Westport, Connecticut

London

A Bio-Bibliography

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Langmead, Donald.

Frank Lloyd Wright : a bio-bibliography / Donald Langmead. p. cm.-(Bio-bibliographies in art and architecture, ISSN 1055-6826 ; no. 6)

Includesbibliographical references and indexes.

ISBN 0-313-31993-6 (alk. paper)

1. Wright, Frank Lloyd,1867-1959-Bibliography. I. Title. II. Series.

Z8986.3.L36 2003

[NA737.W7]

016.72'092-dc21 2003052890

British Library

Cataloguing in Publication Data is available.

Copyright © 2003 by Donald Langmead

All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2003052890

ISBN: 0-313-31993-6

ISSN: 1055-6826

First published in 2003

Praeger Publishers, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881

An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.

www.praeger.com

Printed in the United States of America

The paper used in this book complies with the

Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National

Information Standards Organization (Z39.48-1984).

10987654321

ContentsPreface

Abbreviations

Chronology

Annotated Bibliographyvii

xiii 1

1886-1899

1900-1909

1910-1919

1920-1929

1930-1939

1940-1949

1950-1959

1960-1969

1970-1979

1980-1989

1990-1999

2000-20024145

51
59
71
93
113
155
185
215
271
369

Index of Works

Index of Personal Names383

401

Preface

IntroductionIn the days when I was far more interested in comic strips than in architecture, a populist magazine, The Australasian Post, regularly published Al Capp's "Li'l Abner". Among the eccentric visitors to Dogpatch was an architect. All my searching has not relocated the strip, and I now forget the character's name. But I do remember that it sounded very like "Frank Lloyd Wright", and that the short figure in a cape and low-crowned hat was a creditable caricature of the Wisconsin architect. To have been relevant and recognizable in any comic strip, much less one that was syndicated internationally, Wright had to be, even in the

1950s, very well known. Indeed, Frank Lloyd Wright is probably the most

famous of all modernarchitects. To resort to cliché, he was a legend in his own time. Many biographies of varying quality have been published since Wright's immodest An autobiography first appeared in 1932. Among the more recent major general works are Brendan Gill, Many masks. A life of Frank Lloyd

Wright

(1987); Meryle Secrest,

Frank Lloyd Wright

(1992) and Neil Levine's monumental The architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright (1996). Others, such as Grant Carpenter Manson, Frank Lloyd Wright to 1910: The first golden age (1958) and Donald Leslie Johnson, Frank Lloyd Wright versus America. The 1930s
(1990), have centered on periods within Wright's career. There have been juvenile biographies, too, including Wendy Buehr Murphy, Frank Lloyd Wright (1990), Alexander Boulton, Frank Lloyd Wright, architect: an illustrated biography (1993), and Susan Goldman Rubin, Frank Lloyd Wright (1994). In the light of so many publications, and because it is not our present purpose to re-examine the overabundant documentation, this volume does not include a biographical essay.

Nevertheless, the

following short curriculum vita is offered to provide a background to this bibliography. A rather more detailed chronology can be found in the following pages. In a career spanning seventy-four years, Frank Lloyd Wright produced about 450 buildings and almost 550 unrealized architectural projects. He was born in 1867 at Richland Center, Wisconsin. An elementary schooling in that state and in Massachusetts was followed by a short-lived study of civil engineering at the University of Wisconsin, and a hands-on introduction to architecture. Moving to Chicago, Wright was employed in the office of architect Joseph Lyman Silsbee (1886-1887),then in the firm of Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan (1887-1893). After that he established his own practice in Chicago and suburban Oak Park, Illinois (1893-1911). He entered an ephemeral partnership with Webster Tomlinson (1901-1902), and from time to time collaborated with a few other Chicago architects. After 1911 he worked from a home office, Taliesin, at Spring Green near

Madison, Wisconsin, then for a while in

Chicago and Tokyo

(1914-1922) and in Los Angeles (1919-1924). In 1937 Wright opened another home office, Taliesin

West, near

Scottsdale, Arizona--his winter camp.

He received

many national and foreign honorary degrees, awards, and honors, including Gold Medals from the RIBA in 1941 and, belatedly, the AIA in 1949. In 1932 he initiated the apprenticeship program that he called the Taliesin Fellowship. Since his death in April 1959, also at Richland Center, Wright"s practice and the Fellowship (now an accredited school of ar chitecture) have been continued by former employees. It is understating the case to say that the literature on (and by) Wright is copious. More than forty yearsafter his death, historical and critical comment and debate are increasing, and controversy continues to surround him. The last major English-language bibliography was the 300-page Robert L. Sweeney, Frank Lloyd Wright: an annotated bibliography (Los Angeles: Hennessey and Ingalls, 1978). While it was a very useful piece of work-all the more admirable because it was compiled before the days of personal computers and on-line catalogues-there are many omissions (especially of foreign-language literature) and not a few errors. According to the US Library of Congress catalogue, subsequent English- language bibliographies have been short in length and often narrow in content, most being published by the former Vance Bibliographies of Monticello, Illinois. Augusto Rossari's Frank Lloyd Wright: bibliografia e opere (in Italian) was released by Alinea of Florence in 1992, and in 1999 the German-language Architekten-Frank Lloyd Wright: Literatur-dokumentation; eine Fachbiblio- grafie, the last of a five-part series, was published in Stuttgart. Sweeney's bibliography lists about 2,030 books and articles published until the end of 1977. Since that time, a further 1,500 primary works about Wright- excluding book reviews and correspondence about journal articles-have been published, more than 300 primary sources about (and a few by ) Wright have appeared. The time is ripe for another bibliography.

Sources

The following document is not exhaustive. What bibliography is? However, it is the result of a careful search of the international literature and itviii Preface includes all major works on or by Wright. With the exception of a few key articles and reviews in quality publications, references to newspaper items are not included, because they are legion. The substructure of the bibliography was assembled by reference to Sweeney (of course) and major English-language guides such as the Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals, the Art Index, and the RIBA Architectural

Periodicals Index,

in their hard-copy earlier editions, then CD-ROM versions, and finally the frequently updated on-line versions. In addition, other on-line resources proved invaluable: The DADAbase of the New York Museum of Modern Art, ICONDA (International Construction Database), Art Abstracts and ARTbibliographies Modern, as well as any number of on-line catalogues of national Libraries-Australia, Brazil, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Mexico, The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the United States were consulted. These were all freely accessible through the ubiquitous National Information Standards Organization Z39.50 Information Retrieval Protocol. Finally, I also have had access to the catalogues of the world's universities, too numerous to name here. The importance of the non-English language literature should be noted. Wright's uniqueness and the prophetic quality of his work were identified and celebrated beyond America well before his compatriots recognized them At home, for many years he remained a more-or-less parochial mid-western architect, while in Europe he was eulogized with "We do not have his like here!" It is perhaps remarkable that the first foreign publication of his work, in

1900, was in Czechoslovakian. Ten years later the seminal folio

Ausgeführte

Bauten und Entwürfe von Lloyd Wright

was published in Berlin. In 1912 the Dutch followed, and Japanese and French architectural journals began to publish his work, in 1923 and 1924 respectively. The first Italian article appeared in 1935, but despite a late start, the Italian architectural press has given Wright more coverage than any other country's, other than the United States. Although Charles Robert Ashbee mentioned Wright in his Where the great city stands, published in London in 1917, the xenophobic British journals took little notice of the American until 1939.

Structure of the bibliography

Entries are chronologically arranged. Within the major divisions by decades, each year is divided into two sections: "books, monographs and catalogues" and "journals". Each section is set out alphabetically by the surname of the author (if known), while anonymous items are located at the end of the section, arranged alphabetically by title of book or journal. There is a continuous numbering sequence from 001 to the end, the entry numbers being cross-referenced to an index of individual works and an index of personal names. The format of each entry is normally as follows: author; title of book or article; bibliographical information; language and translation of title (if other than English); and an annotation that indicates textual content. Because of thePreface ix large number of entries, in many cases I have allowed the title of the work to explain the content; in others, the annotations simply identify the buildings or projects dealt with in the item. In the case of periodical articles, bibliographical information provided by sources is frustratingly inconsistent and to avoid clutter, I have adopted the general rule that the amount of information in each entry should be the minimum required to locate the item, but the normal format is as follows: 113 (November 1935), 11-16 indicates that the item can be found in volume 113 of the named journal, the November 1935 issue, on pages 11-16. Any variations to that format are minor.

Space, as well as the need

to limit already astronomical numbering, does not permit a separate entry for each item. As the bibliography stands, there are over 3,500 numbered entries; should every item be separate, that figure probably would be closer to 6,000. Therefore, some entries depart from the "normal" format described above. I believe that there are advantages for the user of the bibliography. The departures are of three main kinds. First, books that were revised and republished and/or translated have all subsequent versions (and their reviews, arrangedchronologically), together with any associated items, included in the entry for the first edition. For examples, see Wright, Ausgeführte Bauten und Entwürfe von Lloyd Wright (entry 083) or Wright, Modern architecture, being the Kahn lectures for 1930 (entry 225). Second, books, monographs and exhibition catalogues have reviews, arranged chronologically, included in the principal item. For example, see Terence Riley and Peter Reed eds. Frank Lloyd Wright, architect: visions and revisions since 1910 (entry

2716).

Third, news items-often derivative-concerningsuch things as progress, completion or restoration of buildings have been grouped together. The principal entry has been chosen more or less arbitrarily (usually a piece whose author is known), and related or similar items are included in chronological order. For example, see John Haverstick, "To be or not to be," Saturday Review of Literature,

38(21 May 1955), 13 (entry 757), that reports progress and

comments on the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York City.

Acknowledgements

Several people have helped in the preparation of the bibliography, and must be sincerely thanked. The University of South Australia provided encouragement and assistance, both in kind and financially through its supported researcher scheme and other mechanisms. In particular, I record my appreciation for the assistance unstintingly proffered by Architecture Liaison librarian Wendy Spurrier, the helpful staff at the City West and Underdale campus libraries, and the unrelenting inter-library loans team who (mostly successfully) pursued hard-to-get items. My wife Coby is high on the list of people to be thanked. Although she had, for a change, little active part in this latest literary effort, she was there, as always, providing moral support and graciously and patiently accepting my preoccupation. My daughter Lisa saved me untold hours of tedious work, by reformattingx Preface and making sense of data that had been gathered from many sources. Her resourcefulness sharpened my efficiency. Thank you, Lisa. Philip Knight painstakingly prepared the black-and-white illustrations from my color slides, and skillfully removed distracting elements from the original photographs. I am thankful for his conscientiousinput. Finally, but far from least importantly, I wish to thank my mentor, colleague and friend Donald Leslie Johnson-an internationally prominent Wright scholar-and his wife Sonia, who opened their house to me and provided access to his extensive, well-ordered collection of Wright literature. In it I found rare publications that otherwise would have remained mere titles in indexes and catalogues. This bibliography is dedicated to Don Johnson.

Donald Langmead

Paradise, South Australia

October 2002Preface xi

AbbreviationsA + U

AA ABC

AHF Review

AIA AIT AL ANZ

Architect

Architecture

ATP Bulletin

AZ BBC

Blauwe Kamer

Bouw

Bouwbedrijf

Builder

CA

Casabella

CCA

Center

Architecture + Urbanism

Architectural Association

American Broadcasting Company

Architectural History Foundation Review

American Institute of Architects

Architektur, Innenarchitektur, Technischer Ausbau

(Germany)

Alabama

Australia and New Zealand

De Architect (Netherlands)

Architecture: the AIA Journal

Association

for Preservation Technology Bulletin.

Arizona

British BroadcastingCorporation

Blauwe Kamer; tijdschrift voor landschaps-

ontwikkeling (Netherlands)quotesdbs_dbs20.pdfusesText_26

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