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reading booklet

SIMON & SCHUSTER'S

graphic design: Maia kennedy © and recorded Program 2006 Simon & Schuster, inc.

© reading booklet 2006 Simon & Schuster, inc.

Pimsleur

is an imprint of Simon & Schuster audio, a division of Simon & Schuster, inc. Mfg. in USa. all rights reserved. ii

Travelers should always check with their

nation's State Department for current advisories on local conditions before traveling abroad. aCknoWledgMentS Hindi

English-Speaking Instructor

Hindi-Speaking Instructor

Female Hindi Speaker

Male Hindi Speaker

Dr. Jilani Warsi

Christopher J. Gainty

Elizabeth Horber

Beverly D. Heinle

Anoop Bhargava

Dilnavaz Bamboat

Beverly D. Heinle

Sarah H. McInnis

Peter S. Turpin

Kelly Saux

Simon & Schuster Studios, Concord, MA

iii table oF ContentS reading lessons Hindi introduction 2 (continued) ago. However, while english has its linguistic roots in the West germanic language family, Hindi is a descendant of the classical Sanskrit of Central asia and belongs to the indo-iranian family. today, most indians are multi-lingual, speaking Hindi, english (one of the main dialects of english, called “indian english"), and one or more regional dialects.

Hindi is a close relative of the Urdu language

spoken in Pakistan, and speakers of the two languages can often understand one another, at least to some extent. both languages are descendants of the collo- quial Hindustani spoken in northern india in the ninth and tenth centuries. (the name “Hindi" is of Persian origin, and was first used by Persian-speaking turks who established the “delhi Sultanate" in the eleventh century a.d.) that said, the marked cultural differ- ences between india and Pakistan have caused the Hindi and Urdu languages to develop along somewhat different lines, so that they are no longer entirely mutually comprehensible. though extremely similar, the two are now considered separate languages. Urdu is written in a Persian-arabic script, while Hindi is written in the devanagari script. 3 (continued) the written system of Hindi, known as devanagari, dates back to approximately the 11 th century a.d. there are also other languages, such as Sanskrit, Marathi, and nepali, which use the devanagari script. a noticeable feature of devanagari is the top horizontal line which is formed when letters are combined. Hindi is read from left to right and written with spaces between words.

However, the letters which make up a word often

combine and when the letters join together they sometimes change form. in Hindi there is a definite correspondence between spelling and pronun ciation. there are a total of 11-14 vowels and

33-36 consonants, depending on the chart used.

there are no capital letters, but Hindi vowels have a different appearance when they appear independently or following another vowel than they do when they appear in a word following a consonant. in a word following a consonant, they change to what is known as a maatraa form. as a maatraa, a vowel can be placed before, after, above, or below a consonant. devanagari also includes several diacritical marks, the chandrabindu and bindu, which nasalize the vowels. 4

Since Hindi is written using the devanagari

alphabet, you will need to learn to associate the sounds with what is probably a new system of symbols. a listing of the devanagari alphabet can be found beginning on page 5. this is for your reference only; you will not need the list to learn to read Hindi, since all of the instruction is on the audio.(continued)

For more information, call

1-800-831-5497 or visit us

at www.Pimsleur.com 5 none a as in abouta a as in fatheraa i as in siti ee as in seemee u as in putu oo as in pooloo a as in lateei a as in glad ae o as in goou aw as in sawau none ri as in grip this vowel occurs only in words that are borrowed from Sanskrit and is rarely used in Hindiri chandrabindu - nasalizes vowels - bindu - nasalizes vowels - the circle represents a consonant and shows the relative position of the maatraa to the consonant. 6

within a word or at the end of a word like the k in skit; sometimes in the beginning of words the g as in goldk

breathy-k as in look-herekh g as in gateg breathy-g as in dog-housegh ng as in swingn ch as in checkch breathy-ch as in catch-himChch j as in Junej breathy-j as in dodge-himjh this sound does not exist inenglish; most like the n in unjustñ combination of t and d as in train /draint breathy-t as in ant-hillth d as in dated this sound does not exist in english; most like an r followed bya quick dra breathy-d with a very noticablebreath at the enddh 7 (continued) breathy Rarha this sound does not exist inenglish; most like the n in endn soft t as in at, or at-theta breathy tatha d as in breadthda breathy dadha n as in name or anthemna p as in punpa breathy-p as in top-hatpha b as in bunba breathy-b as in clubhousebha m as in mugma y as in youngya r as in serene ra l as in lunch la between an english v and wva sh as in shellsh sh as in german SchneiderSh 8 (continued) s as in sunSa h as in headHa ct as in section (Sanskritksha tr as in trishna (Sanskrittra g-y combination (Sanskritgy k (arabic qa ch as in loch (Persiankhha g (Persian ghha z as in zone (englishz f as in fin (englishf 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11quotesdbs_dbs19.pdfusesText_25

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